HIV/AIDS and Contemporary

Population Dynamics

A lesson plan from “Making Population Real” by the Population Reference Bureau

Supported by the World Population Fund of the Minneapolis Foundation

Today’s Agenda

1. Introduce objectives and teaching standards

2. Provide a brief global overview on HIV/AIDS

3. Construct chloropleth maps of AIDS rates by U.S. states

4. Discuss the patterns revealed

5. Introduce Making Population Real and PRB

Making Population Real - Module 4:

HIV/AIDS and PopulationIssues AIDS/HIV

Effects of income, age, gender, etc. on disease rates

Population Concepts

Changing death rates Regional differences in populations

Tools Line graphs Choropleth maps

Objectives

To describe the spread and occurrence of HIV/AIDS at multiple scales

To explain global and regional variations in occurrence of HIV/AIDS

To understand the spread of HIV/AIDS in the United States

Teaching Standards

AP Geography Standard Addressed

Unit II– Population UnitB. Population growth and decline over time and

space

3. Patterns of fertility, mortality, and health

AP and the Advanced Placement Program are registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board which was not involved in the production of these lesson plans

HIV-AIDS Weakens the Immune SystemOpportunistic infections: Pneumonia Meningitis Some cancers Tuberculosis (TB) Other parasitic, viral and fungal infections that

weaken the immune system

Global Estimates – HIV/AIDS

People now living with HIV 40 million

New HIV infections in 2005 4.9 million

AIDS deaths up to 2005 25 million

Growth of the AIDS Epidemic

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1995 1998 2000 2002 2004

Sub-Saharan Africa Asia Latin AmericaEurope & N. America* Eastern Europe & Central Asia North Africa & Middle EastCaribbean

*Western and Central Europe & North America.Source: UNAIDS/WHO, 2004.

People With HIV/AIDS, Cumulative Regional TotalsMillions

Poverty and HIV-AIDS

Inadequate access to accurate information or prevention services

Seeing no alternative besides sex work, for some women Labor migration – leads to increased vulnerability and spread of

HIV Once infected, inadequate access to health care and

treatment Vicious cycle of poverty, such as children orphaned

because of AIDS

What is a Choropleth Map?(Area Value Map)

Reveals patterns in data by showing the distribution of a factor in selected area

For example, the map on the next slide compares the prevalence of AIDS in nations worldwide

Source: UNAIDS, 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, 2006.

Map of HIV Prevalence Worldwide

Adults Ages 15-49 w/ HIV

15.01% - 34.0%

5.01% - 15.0%

1.01% - 5.0%

0.51% - 1.0%

0.0% - 0.5%

Not available

2005

Looking at the U.S. States

Are AIDS cases distributed evenly throughout the United States?

Assignment: Construct a choropleth map of the rate per

100,000 of AIDS by state for 2002

Create a Choropleth Map of AIDS Distribution by State

Determine the range of data…

1. Examine the data to be mapped Omit DC since it’s not a state and so became

outlier

2. Find the highest and lowest values for the data (see column 5 on data table)

High = New York: 34.8/100,000

Low = North Dakota: 0.5/100,000

3. Subtract these two numbers to calculate the range of the data.

34.8 - 0.5 = 34.3 is range

AIDS Distribution by State

Create a Choropleth Map of AIDS Distribution by State4. Divide the range by the number of mapping

categories you plan to use (typically 3 to 5) Adjust the limits to avoid fractions

34.3 / 5 = 6.86 OR 35 / 5 = 7 5. Assign a color to each category

We have five categories: 0-7.9, 8-14.9, 15-22.9, 23-30.9, & 31-37

6. Complete the map key (Assign a color to each range)

7. Sort the data (states) by category 8. Follow the key to shade each area according to the

data values being mapped

Create a Choropleth Map of AIDS Distribution by State

What patterns do the maps reveal?

What causes these patterns?

What did we cover?

During the session, we explored the spread and occurrence of HIV/AIDS: At the global scale At the national scale

Group mapping activity: United States (From Activity 2)

By gender and age (Ex: graph of South Africa)

Demonstrates patterns of population growth and decline over time and space

Making Population Real – Lesson Plan 4:

HIV/AIDS and Contemporary Population Dynamics

Activities:

1. HIV/AIDS–A Scourge of the Land Investigate regional AIDS data (online research)

2. Patterns of HIV/AIDS in the United States Graph changes in cause-of-death data Graph changes in death rate due to AIDS Create choropleth (shaded area) maps of state

AIDS rates

Making Population Real Lesson Plans Population Fundamentals – Building a Foundation

Populations in the Path of Natural Hazards

The Demographic Transition –

A Contemporary Look at a Classic Model

HIV/AIDS and Contemporary Population Dynamics

Population Policy – Progress Since Cairo

People on the Move

Global Migration Patterns

About Making Population Real

Free, on-line curricula utilize up-to-date real-world data and articles from a variety of web-based resources:

United Nations (UNICEF, UNHCR, WHO, etc.) U.S. Census Bureau National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration PRB research and publications

Lead author Martha B. Sharma, a teacher Recipient of the 2006 Geographic Excellence in

Media Award from National Council for Geographic Education

www.prb.org/educators

Population Reference Bureau

Informs people around the world about population, health, and the environment, and empowers them to use that information to advance the well-being of current and future generations.

Analyzes demographic data and research to provide objective, accurate, and up-to-date population information in a format that is easily understood by educators, journalists, and decision makers alike.