hlrw & sf management: storage & disposal - stockholm 2011 - walter blommaert1 intern....

HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert

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Intern. Workshop onHLRW & SF Management:

Storage & Disposal

Stockholmnov 29 – dec 1, 2011

Walter Blommaert


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How to get most out of a workshop

1. This workshop belongs to you and its success rests largely with you

2. Enter into the discussion, enthusiastically!3. Give freely your experience4. Confine your discussion to the problem5. Say what you think6. Only one person should talk at a time. Avoid private

conversation while someone else is speaking7. Be patient with other members8. Appreciate others point of view

9. Switch your mobile to silent mode !


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9 Golden Rules in Waste Management …

1. Teamwork is essential. It allows you to blame someone else

2. If you explain something so clearly that no one can misunderstand, someone will

3. Nothing is ever as simple as it seems4. It is a fundamental law of nature that nothing

ever quite works out5. The probability of a given event occurring is

inversely proportional to its desirability 6. Everything always costs more money than you

have and takes longer7. When you do not know what you are doing, do

it neatly8. Science is truth, don’t be misled by facts


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Cycle of Radioactive Waste/SF

Surface/ Near-surf.disposal

Deep disposal

Evacuation

Temporary storage

Temporary storage

Temporary storage

L(I)LW (SL)

LILW (LL)

Fuel elements

New fuel elements

NPP

Decom./dismantling

Med. Appl./ R&DIndustry

HLRW(vitrified)

Reprocessing/fuelfabrication


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Agenda Workshop

• Tuesday, November 29• Introduction • 9:30 Opening and Welcoming Addresses• Johan Anderberg, Director Radioactive Materials, Swedish Radiation Safety Authority

(SSM) – 10 Min. Magnus Vesterlind, Head Waste and Environmental Safety Section, IAEA – 10 Min. Chairman’s introduction & Administrative arrangements

• Keynote presentations• 10:00 Hans Riotte, OECD/NEA: International Overview of Storage and Disposal Status –

(30’+15’)• 10:45 – 11:15 COFFEE BREAK• 11:15 Ute Blohm-Hieber, EC DG ENER: The European Directive on the Management of

Spent Fuel and Radioactive Waste (30’ +15’)• 12:00 – 13:30 LUNCH• 13:30 Olle Olsson, SKB Sweden: The SKB Spent Fuel Disposal Project – License

Application (30’+15’)• Working group session• 14:15 Introduction of working groups and instructions (15’)• 14:30 – 14:45 COFFEE BREAK• 14:45 – 17:00: Working Groups


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Agenda Workshop

• Wednesday, November 30• 8:30 Jeff Williams, US DOE: Status of US Spent Nuclear Fuel disposition

Programme (30’+15’)• 9:15 Hans Codee, COVRA, The Netherlands: The storage and disposal approach

in the Netherlands (30’+15’)• 10:00 – 10:15 COFFEE BREAK• 10:15 Juerg Schneider, NAGRA, Switzerland: The Swiss geological programme and

the role of storage (30’+15’)

• 11:00 – 12:00 Working groups

• 12:00 – 13:30 LUNCH• 13:30 Jussi Heinonen, STUK Finland: The Finnish Disposal Programme (30’+15’)

• 14:15 Geraldine Dandrieux ASN, France & Jean-Michel Hoorelbeke, ANDRA France: The French Disposal Programme (30’+15’)

• 15:00 – 15:15 COFFEE BREAK

• 15:15 – 17:00: Working groups


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Agenda Workshop

• Thursday, December 1

• 9:00 Working group debriefings (10’/WG)• 10:00 – 10:30 COFFEE BREAK

• 10:30 – 11:30 Panel discussion (leader/moderator: Johan Anderberg)

• 11:30 – 12:00 Concluding remarks and closure: Chairman, IAEA, SSM


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Cycle of Radioactive Waste/SF

Surface/ Near-surf.disposal

Deep disposal

Evacuation

Temporary storage

Temporary storage

Temporary storage

L(I)LW (SL)

LILW (LL)

Fuel elements

New fuel elements

NPP

Decom./dismantling

Med. Appl./ R&DIndustry

HLRW(vitrified)

Reprocessing/fuelfabrication


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Why (prolonged) storage of HLRW and spent fuel?

• Because wastes are generated at present and hence have to be put somewhere

• Storage is needed for cooling the waste• There is no final strategy for LT management• Awaiting a decision of what to do with the spent

fuel (reprocessing or not; economical value)• Awaiting new technologies being able of reducing

the LT hazard of the waste (P&T, …)• Hoping for a regional solution• Insufficient scientific and technological knowledge• Unavailability of necessary funds for RD&D and

disposal• No public trust in deep disposal• …


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Why looking for a final (LT) solution?

• Awareness that no burden should be put on future generations (cradle to grave vision)

• Scientific and technical solutions are available to do so

• Suitable geological formations are available• Political commitment• Acceptance by the public• Funds are available• …


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To consider

• Technical and scientific aspects• Financial and economical aspects• Environmental and safety aspects• Societal and ethical aspects

• Political/national strategy


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Pluridisciplinary character of RWM

Waste Management

Hydro(geo)logySeismology Validation codes

phenomenologygeophysics

Rad. protection

geochemistry

corrosion

regulations

transport

mechanics

Etc …


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Multiple Stakeholders involved

WasteManagement

Waste producers

Regulator(s)

Government

Public/Local Partnerships

International Agencies(AIEA, AEN, …)

Research institutes

NWMO

Others …


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Round table discussions

Working Groups:• 5 working groups will be organized with one leader per working

group

• The role of the working group leader will be to facilitate and organize the discussions and to report on the last day, prior to the panel session

• All working groups will address the same topics - 5 topics are planned

• In order to facilitate the discussions within the working groups a series of statements or questions will be provided for each topic

• Planned leaders for the working groups:• Bengt Hedberg, SSM Sweden• Kaisa-Lena Hutri, STUK Finland• Christophe Serres, IRSN France• Paul Degnan, IAEA • Glenn Round, OPG Canada


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Guiding points for the discussions

Non-limiting list of themes as guiding points:

• Establishment and implementation of comprehensive radioactive waste management strategies

• The safety implications of longer periods of storage and how long term storage can be safely envisaged

• The importance of international cooperation for the storage and disposal of high level radioactive waste

• The link between the availability of geological disposal facilities for high level radioactive waste and period of storage

• The implications of longer periods of storage on knowledge transfer


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HLRW & SF Management:Storage & Disposal

ProlongedStorage

GeologicalDisposal

Acceptable/Defendable? ? ?


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ProlongedStorage

Geological disposal

Final character - - - + + +

LT Safety - - - + + +

Burdens on future generations

- - - + + +

Passivity - - - + + +

Robustness ↓ with time + + +


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Prolonged storage

Geological disposal

Sensitivity to natural event

↑ with time Low after closure

Sensitivity to human activities

High for surfaceMedium for geological

Low after closure

Retrievability + + + ↓ with time


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Prolongedstorage

Geological disposal

Durability (lifetime) of the installation / wastes

Need reconstruction after ~X0(0) y + + +

Periodic safety reviews Up to X0(0) y Up to closure

Need availability treatment / transfer facilities

High Up to closure

Impact related to reconditioning

↑ with time No + impact

Amount of waste ↑ with time No + waste

Cost (financial) ↑ with time No + cost

Risk loss of funding ↑ with time Up to de-licensing


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Prolonged storage

Geological disposal

Need for societal and political stability

HighNot stringentafter closure

Need for knowledge transfer

Required Keeping memory

Ageing managementVery

important Up to closure


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ProlongedStorage

GeologicalDisposal

Acceptable/defendable ? ?


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Risks

Prolonged Storage Disposal Risks

related to Surface Water

Surface dry

Geological Geological (after closure)

Ageing phenomena

↑ with time

Safety guaranteed by

host rock Natural events

All natural events Earthquakes & flooding Very low

Internal & external sollicitations

Human activities /terrorism

High Medium Very low


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Risks

Loss of resource -funding -qualified workers Loss of security Loss of oversight Loss of knowledge, Loss of traceability,

Socio economical & political changes

Decisions no more driven by safety

↑ with time Low impact after closure



Surface dry



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Risks

Reconstruction of facilities ↑ with time Waste reconditioning ↑ with time

NA after closure

Criticality existing Less probable Very low Specific risks

Water release

Transforming the storage facility to a disposal

risk closure not being conform to

safety requirements for disposal

Loss of memory



Surface dry



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I had a dream that …

• There was an unlimited budget for Waste management

• Operators were perfect and never made mistakes

• Optimisation is the driving force towards safety

• Scientific and technical solutions for disposal are highly mature

• Models perfectly describe what is actually going on

• There was a perfect harmony between regulators and practicians

• I could easily get 100 years old (and still be good looking)


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When I woke up this morning, I realized that …

• Money for Waste Management is hard to find

• Even operators make mistakes

• Optimization is not fully understood and applied coherently as yet

• Disposal facilities in practice are scarce

• Only PLAYBOY models seem to be perfect

• Even in the best marriage something may go wrong

• I will only get 99 years old (although still good looking !)

… I was very disappointed this morning


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related to Surface - Water Surface - dry Geological Geological (after closure)

Ageing management

↑ with time

Safety guaranteed by host rock

Natural events All natural events

Earthquakes & flooding Very low

Internal & external sollicitations

Human activities /terrorism

High Medium Very low

Loss of resource -funding -qualified workers Loss of security Loss of oversight Loss of knowledge, Loss of traceability,

Socio economical & political changes

Decisions no more driven by safety

↑ with time Inexistent

Reconstruction of facilities ↑ with time Inexistent Waste reconditioning ↑ with time Inexistent Criticality High Medium Very low Specific risks

Water release

Transforming the storage facility to a

disposal risk that closure

not conform to safety

requirements for disposal

hlrw & sf management: storage & disposal - stockholm 2011 - walter blommaert1 intern....

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