hockey in canadian culture. hockey history leagues international competition the monopoly the...
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Hockey in Canadian Culture
Hockey
History Leagues International competition The monopoly The dominant sport Marketing violence Canada’s game? The Sweater
Shinty Hurley Shinny Bandy Montreal 1875 – 9 men per side McGill University rules Montreal City Hockey League - 1885
AHA – 1886 OHA – 1890 Lord Stanley – Sir Frederick Arthur Stanley International Hockey League – 1904 National Hockey Association Pacific Coast League: The Patricks National Hockey League 1917 Western Canadian Hockey League 1922
Taylor’s salary in 09 of $5200 made him most highly paid pro player in any sport at the time
Lester Patrick
Hockey’s Popularity
1. Town boosterism 2. Commercialization 3. Popular press 4. International competition 5. American Money 6. Radio 7. Television
US, Czech, Sweden28 for 1 against
The $100 skates
1924 Chamonix, France
Toronto Granites First Round: Canada 22 Sweden 0
33Switz 0
20Czech 0
1924
Round 2 Canada 19 Britain 2
6 US1
1928 St. Mortiz
Toronto Grads: 3 pools Canada 11 Sweden 0
13 Switz 0
14 Britain 0
1932 Lake Placid
Winnipeg
1936 Garmish-Partenkirken
Canada-Britain
1948 St. Moritz
Royal Canadian Air Force Flyers
1952 Oslo
Edmonton Mercuries
American $$
US owners – monopoly Mobility, pay, playing rights
Hockey Violence
The law Expansion after 1967 The Broad Street Bullies The Big Bad Bruins Don Cherry and the marketing of
violence as entertainment
Why?
Safety valve theory – letting off steam Intensity creates hair trigger tempers Puts people in the seats How boys and men learn to understand sport
and its relationship to masculinity – confrontation is a test
Respect from opponents – stickwork Video sample
Summary
Small town, big city identification International success = expectation +
national identity Stars – icons of Canadian culture Monopoly
Whose hand ?
Edouard “Newsy” LalondeBest lacrosse player of ½ century
Imperial tobacco company cards Issued in 1911
BA Scott and St Lawrence foundation to promote and invest her commercial interests
Hanlan & HanlanClub to promote
Paris Crewpromoted themselves
Louis Cyr promoted himself as entertainer-strongman
Burns (bornNoah Brusso)and pro promotion
Jimmy McLarnin retired becof skilful promotion
Lionel Pretoria Conacher
Pro in Football, Hockey, Baseball, Lacrosse, Boxing, Wrestling
Canada Cup 1976;1st time pro hockeyplayers includedin all national teams for “best” in the world
R TaitMcKenzie
’32 OlShield
Brothers ofthe Wind
Joy ofEffort
Strathcona Trust
5 BX / 10 BX RCAF Programs
5 Basic eXrcises for Men 10 Basic eX for Women Graduated calisthenic exercises Very widely distributed and sold Indirectly gov’t since RCAF Note militarism of Strath Trust, NFPAct
and 5BX 10BX
PM John Diefenbaker "I am a Canadian, free to
speak without fear, free to worship in my own way, free to stand up for what I think is right, free to oppose what I believe wrong, or free to choose those who shall govern my country. This heritage of freedom I pledge to uphold for myself and all mankind."
F&AS Money spent on
Canada Games support Fed-prov cost-sharing to build elite
facilities for sport comp Coaching leadership tr programs Grants for internat’l compets Bursary programs for elite athls $$$ for world hockey chpships Joe and Jane Banana ? [ Fitn Thru Sport ]
F&AS Act
Thus, few grants to grass roots level Gold medal dream for gov’t couched in
“fitness and” words House of Commons debates thruout
60s are clear ~ quest was for internat’l sport prestige
“they watered the flowers instead of the fields”
Admin of F& AS Act
Admin by Nat’l Advisory Council NAC interested in mass particip
and fitness Gov’t interested in gold medals NAC advisory only and always in
conflict with Min of H & W
Task Force
Trudeau gov’t dual study commissions in 68
PS Ross to look at fitness of Cdns & resulted in PARTICIPaction
Nancy Greene plus 2 public administrators to study sport in Canada
Task Force Report in 1968
Report placed heavy emphasis on revitalizing sport in Canada re performance
Most comprehensive on Hockey Canada and ways to WIN (not since ’61 had Canada won worlds
Best result: Sport Canada / Rec Canada
Task Force Report in 1968
Noted how Pro sport had destroyed regional competition
Problems unique to Canada – huge geogr mass; 1000’s of $$ rinks; apathetic public; lack of athletic development programs
Signif and comprehensive report
F & AS Contributions ?
Systematized sport organization Created a bureaucracy of sport incl large
admin center in Ottawa Creation of Nat’l Coaching Assoc;
Canada Fitness Awards program; set up grants-in-aid to athletes program; founded Cdn Academy of Sports Medicine; grants to internat’l sport groups and games like Ol etc
F & AS Contributions ?
Set precedents for provincial gov’t programs/services
‘Best Ever’ programs like B Ever 88 Became THE control agency for
sport in Canada at all levels Bureaucratized sport; one more
step in its institutionalization
Who are the athletes ?
Next slide is from main page of our web site
Who are the athletes in the circular jigsaw puzzle ?