hole health 2014

A special supplement to the Jackson Hole News&Guide April 30, 2014

St. John’s Community Health Fair • 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. Saturday, May 3 • See story on page 3.

JACLYN BOROWSKI / NEWS&GUIDE FILE

Harper Hollis and his blue heeler/Australian shepherd Jackson float down the Snake River on a lazy fall afternoon.

Foot health critical tomountain

lifestylepage 5

Pets andour healthOur four-legged friends can calm us, get us outpage 12

Experts weigh in on spring exercise for summer sportspage 4

2 - HOLE HEALTH, Jackson Hole News&Guide, Wednesday, April 30, 2014

Special supplement written, produced and printed by the Jackson Hole News&Guide

Publisher: Kevin Olson

Editor: Angus M. Thuermer Jr.

Hole Health Section Editor: Ben Graham

Layout and Design: Kathryn Holloway

Photo Editors: Bradly J. Boner, Price Chambers

Copy Editors: Jennifer Dorsey, Mark Huffman, Richard Anderson, Lou Centrella

Features: Mike Koshmrl, Michael Polhamus, Ben Graham,

Emma Breysse, Brielle Schaeffer, Jennifer Dorsey, Johanna Love

Richard Anderson, Clark Forster, Josh Cooper, Mark Huffman

Director of Advertising: Adam Meyer

Brand Manager: Amy Golightly

Advertising Sales: Karen Brennan, Chad Repinski, Tom Hall, Matt Cardis

Advertising Coordinator: Heather Best

Advertising Design: Lydia Redzich, Andrew Edwards, Sarah Grengg, Jarad Magill

Pre-press: Jeff Young

Press Foreman: Greg Grutzmacher

Pressmen: Dale Fjeldsted, Johnathan Leyva, Mike Taylor

Office Manager: Kathleen Godines

Customer Service Managers: Lucia Perez, Ben Medina

Circulation: Kyra Griffin, Pat Brodnik, Hank Smith, Jeff Young

©2014 Teton Media Works

Jackson Hole News&Guide

P.O. Box 7445, 1225 Maple Way

Jackson, WY 83002 , 307-733-2047

Fax: 307-733-2138, www.jhnewsandguide.com

It’s finally that time of year again in Jackson Hole, when people begin to put the skis away for good in anticipa-tion of summer.

The seasonal transition is as stark in our valley as it is anywhere, and with the natural changes come the community’s shift toward activities better suited for warmer climes.

This year’s Hole Health section is aimed at helping people as they make that switch.

The cover story offers a perspec-tive on personal health and our four-legged friends. Johanna Love argues in the piece that pets can actually help calm anxiety and get us outside for exercise.

For more practical advice look to

Mike Koshmrl’s story on spring ex-ercises in advance of summer sports. Fitness experts advise a measured, cautious approach, which can often be contrary to the instincts of gung-ho Jackson Holers.

In other stories writers tackle a wide range of issues that relate to our health, from barre classes to epi-genetics to e-cigarettes.

But perhaps the best way to focus in on your health heading into sum-mer is to stop by St. John’s Medical Center’s Health Fair and participate in the dozen or so free screenings of-fered there. Learn more in the first story of this annual special section.

— Ben Graham

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HOLE HEALTH, Jackson Hole News&Guide, Wednesday, April 30, 2014 - 3

Preventive screenings key to health at fair

BRADLY J. BONER / NEWS&GUIDE FILE

Jackson Hole Fire/EMS paramedics Patrick Gietl and Brian Carr check the vitals of 7-year-olds Sebastien Carr and Grainger Harris last year during the St. John’s Medical Center Community Health Fair. Gietl and Carr were on hand to show fairgoers the inside of an ambulance and demonstrate how patients are treated on their way to the hospital.

By Ben Graham

Perhaps the best offseason deals in Jackson Hole can be found at St. John’s Medical Center’s Commu-

nity Health Fair.In a single day valley residents can

get their vision and hearing tested and have a physician review their blood work — all for free.

And, unlike the numerous offseason two-for-one deals offered at valley eat-eries, the free health fair screenings can actually help people stay healthy.

The hospital’s goal for the annual event, which takes place this year from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. Saturday at the Snow King Sports and Events Center, is to get people to be proactive about their health.

Indeed, Jackson Hole health care professionals and experts nationwide agree: Screenings are an important way to catch health problems early. Early detection increases the odds that common and serious health con-ditions, such as cancer or diabetes, can be treated effectively. It also can reduce costs for patients.

The hospital hopes that offering a variety of screenings all in one place at no cost will help community mem-bers become more enthusiastic about their health.

“It’s a way to bring the community together to get them excited about health,” St. John’s Wellness Coordi-nator Rachel Greene said. “Providing people with the opportunity to get all screenings done under one roof is huge, because I think part of the rea-son people don’t normally do it is the convenience factor.”

Another factor is cost. Teton County actually outpaces many other places in the state in some screening catego-ries, which is a sign that awareness is

improving. But the high cost of living here coupled with a large population of uninsured people can make preven-tive screenings an afterthought for some residents.

For example, 79 percent of Jackson Hole’s diabetic Medicare enrollees re-ceived the basic screening for blood sugar levels, according to the recently released 2014 County Health Rank-ings from the University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.

That is better than the statewide average of 75 percent, but many el-derly people still aren’t getting the screenings they should be.

Additionally, 69 percent of female Medicare enrollees received mammo-grams, better than the state average of 57 percent.

Still, 21 percent of Teton County res-idents are without insurance, which is the second highest rate in the state.

Many of those statistics could change with the implementation of the Afford-able Care Act. The uninsured rate is supposed to drop, and some preventive screenings and shots are required to be covered for free under new health plans.

In the meantime the health fair helps surmount the cost hurdle because the screenings are free.

In addition to the tests listed above, this year’s fair will also offer screenings for orthopedic injuries, blood pressure, memory and dental, as well as car seat safety checks.

Attendees will also be able to get symptom-focused preconcussion screenings, which is new this year. The offering could be especially helpful for adolescents who play sports by identi-fying those who need to get a baseline concussion assessment at a later date.

Physicians will also be on hand to interpret blood screenings for people who have already had their blood work done. The tests are important because they can reveal cholesterol, triglyceride, blood-sugar and enzyme levels that could be precursors to dis-eases such as diabetes.

Another benefit of the fair is that it exposes residents to the myriad health and wellness services avail-able in the valley. Health care provid-ers, fitness clubs and others from the health care community will host infor-mational booths.

Bear and Doe Banya Spa and Har-monic Spa will be offering free mas-sages.

For the kids there will be a fire truck and ambulance parked outside for tours.

Residents can getseveral tests for freein just one day.

Demonstrations:9 a.m. to 9:45 a.m. — Zumba with

Tammy Bartlett10 a.m. to 10:45 a.m. — Karate

with the Wyoming Karate Club (for children)

11 a.m. to 11:45 a.m. — Barre with Danielle Goldyn Haigh

Noon to 12:45 p.m. — Kids Zumba

Free screenings:Vision, for ages 5 and upHearing, for ages 6 and up

Orthopedic injuriesBlood pressureMemoryDentalCar seat safety checkBlood screening interpretationsConcussion prescreenings

Food and coffee courtesy of:Jackson Hole RoastersHeidi’s Brooklyn DeliCreekside Market and DeliPearl Street Bagels

St. John’s Community Health Fair9 a.m. to 1 p.m. at the Snow King Sports and Events Center


Shift gears for spring

By Mike Koshmrl

For a lot of Jackson Hole residents, the approach of summer means that long runs, bike rides and

jaunts into the Tetons are just around the corner.

While it’s easy to jump right into the flurry of summer activities, most health and fitness experts advise tem-pering the transition from cold-season to warm-season types of recreation.

Having strong legs and being in “ski shape” is not quite the same as being in overall healthy shape, said Patricia Moeller, founder of Beauti-ful and Lean and a Bell Fitness per-sonal trainer.

“Backcountry skiers who have been skinning all winter long, those people are already set,” Moeller said. “But down-hillers need to start working on cardio.

“The average Joe that goes and skis at the village and then goes and has five or six beers, they’re definitely tacking on the pounds,” she said.

The Janes aren’t exempted.“I work with a lot of women who

want to lose weight, and they call me in the spring wanting to look good in a bikini,” Moeller said.

Moeller offers a number of class-es in the spring focused on strength training and increasing cardiovascu-lar capacity, ranging from spin class-es to running workshops to “booty boot camp.”

For running guru Eric Orton, springtime means slow-going flat runs. It’s that type of run that helps people snap back into running shape with a lower risk of injury, Orton said.

“The biggest problem I see with the mountain athletes here is that we overdevelop our quads,” he said, “and

that leads to a string of trouble.“To go out for a nice, slow, easy, flat

run, a lot of times, is the best thing you can do,” Orton said.

Plodding downhill while on a run, in particular, can be problematic for people whose legs are in ski shape but not yet ready for a summer of running. Iliotibial band syndrome — one of the most common running-caused ailments — is often the result, Orton said.

“I recommend to really back off downhill [running] early season,” Or-ton said.

Easing into longer, more technical trail runs is a sounder approach, he said. Samples of Orton’s regimens are available on his website, TrainWithEric.com, or in his 2013 book “The Cool Impossible.”

“It’s just like picking a line in ski-ing,” Orton said. “As you’re picking a line and working on your form, soon you’ll be able to go faster and faster — and with good form. That’s a form of strength training.”

During the mud season, trainer Terry Johnson every year puts togeth-er a running group that meets over 13 weeks leading up to the June 14 Jack-son Hole Half Marathon.

“We’re three weeks into that,” said Johnson, also the general manager at Jackson Hole Health and Fitness. “That’s been a growing program.

“A lot of people here,” he said, “they’re coming off their winter sea-son, and they haven’t necessarily worked on that cardio.”

Summer shape not the same as winter ski shape, experts say.

BRADLY J. BONER / NEWS&GUIDE

Running expert Eric Orton recommends a slow, gradual shift between winter sports and a summer running regimen in order to prevent injury.

“To go outfor a nice, slow, easy, flat run, a lot of times, is the best thing you

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Feet critical for Jackson lifestyle

By Emma Breysse

In a town like Jackson, something’s al-ways afoot.

Specifically, between skiing, cy-cling, climbing, hiking and the myriad other ways Jacksonites like to play out-side, Teton County is on its feet more than most places. This makes the foot’s 26 bones, 33 joints and 20 muscles pret-ty important to the mountain lifestyle.

“The foot is the beginning of the im-pact chain,” Jackson physical therapist Norene Christensen said. “All of those muscles along the chain, from the foot to the calves, glutes and quads, are meant to work together. So a foot injury will re-ally take you out of things.”

Christensen owns Four Pines Physi-cal Therapy, and she offers custom or-thotics for her patients’ shoes along with rehabilitation for a wide range of Jack-son Hole injuries, including those that originate with feet.

Those injuries can range from actual fractures or sprains to something like a blister or bunion, or even something more elusive like overuse and strain.

In spite of that, most people don’t consider their feet all that important to their overall health, according to a 2010 survey conducted by the American Podiatric Medical Association. The sur-vey showed that more than 80 percent of respondents didn’t know what steps to take to keep their feet in good shape, and most of those people hadn’t really thought about it.

Since 80 percent of people will have

some kind of trouble with their feet or ankles during their lifetime, according to Teton Orthopedics, it’s worth taking time to consider.

The good news for Teton County is that every resource you can find on foot health lists proper shoes — both for your foot type and your activity — as one of the best things you can do for your feet.

For every sport practiced in Jackson

Investing in the right shoes and ski boots is money well spent.

PRICE CHAMBERS / NEWS&GUIDE FILE

Pepi Stiegler Sports boot fitter Ryan “Bootsie” Huggins is seen helping a new client last fall, creating a custom footbed for his boots.

If the shoe fitsOne of the most important things

people can do to maintain healthy feet is to make sure their shoes fit right. Different kinds of shoes are meant to fit different ways, but according to the American Podiatric Medical Association, here are a few things to watch for:

- Make sure your shoe, especially if it’s a running shoe or other athletic shoe, bends where your foot does. It puts strain on the wrong part of your foot if it doesn’t. No shoe, not even a flip flop, should be able to bend in half.

- Most people have one foot slightly larger than the other. Choose your size based on what fits the larger foot.

- Most shoes shouldn’t have to “break in.” If they don’t fit comfortably on the first try, probably they just don’t fit.

- If your shoes are wearing out, you need new ones, especially if you use them for athletic activities. Check the tread and midsole to look for signs of wear.

See Feet on page 17

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Jury is still out on kombucha

By Mark Huffman

Americans love a strange new brew.

And if the drink promises to make you healthier and is clothed in a bit of the mystic, even the Coca-Cola company wants in.

Like many of the products you find at your health food store, kom-bucha is a fresh fad and an an-cient tradition. The fermented tea has become a big deal in Amer-ica in the past few years, but it’s been brewing for a lot longer.

“It’s been around for thou-sands of years,” said Therese Metherell, a Jackson nutritionist and Jackson Hole News&Guide colum-nist. “It started in eastern Asia and migrated to a lot of different places.”

A whole lot of places. Before kom-bucha showed up in America it had spread from its home in China to Ko-rea and Japan, to India, to Russia and west to Europe.

Besides being seen as something

exotic for people to swish around in their mouth, it came with a variety of health claims.

First, though, the basics: Kombu-cha is tea, usually black though some-times green or white, with sugar add-ed, and then dosed with what’s called a “mushroom” — though there’s no real mushroom involved. The mush-room is a mix of bacteria and yeast, a kind of starter similar to what makes bread rise. The fermentation is the same process that makes yogurt and cheese and wine. Kombucha com-monly is about a half of a percent al-cohol, though home brew can be triple

that. Fans call the taste “tangy” or “tart.” Oth-ers say “sour” or “vinegary.” Com-mercial manufac-turers commonly flavor the stuff with fruit juice, berry flavors and ginger.

The focus, though, is the probiotic angle. “Probiotics” is a nice name for

yeast and bacteria. The microscopic organisms in foods such as kombu-cha join hundreds of others that ex-ist naturally in the human gut, where they aid digestion and are generally credited with contributing to the im-mune system.

Out on the crazy fringe you can find people claiming kombucha cures just

As popularity of kombucha takes off, some question its probiotic power.

BRADLY J. BONER / NEWS&GUIDE

America’s taste for Kombucha has grown so much that even Coca-Cola has taken notice. Still, the jury remains out on the ancient tea’s health benefits.

See kombuchA on page 22

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New geneticscience is here

By Richard Anderson

You know about genetics. It’s how the so-called blueprint that lives in the center of each individual

cell of your body makes you you.But for the past 10 or 15 years a

new science, and a new way of looking at the role our genes play in the whole “nurture versus nature” argument, has been in ascendence. It’s called “epigenetics.”

The press has been full of news these days about how epigenetics may explain why one twin may end up with cancer while the other remains healthy, how a baby can inherit stress from its mother, and many other bio-logical phenomena that science has scratched its head over.

Last fall St. John’s Medical Center brought two speakers to town who helped put a face on the term: Kris Carr, a cancer survivor whose “Crazy Sexy Cancer” series of books and vid-eos encourages patients to take con-trol of their illness through diet and lifestyle, and Dr. Richard Davidson, a neuroscientist who researches how kindness, compassion, mindfulness and forgiveness can affect health.

Carr “feels she has influenced her cancer by changing her personal envi-ronment,” said Lou Hochheiser, CEO of St. John’s and an eager student of the new science. And Davidson, whether his research is truly getting into the realm of epigenetics of not, “is definitely thinking about that, too.”

Hochheiser said the word has been around for some time. It first referred

to how cells differentiate themselves in embryonic state — how they go from being so-called stem cells to be-coming muscle cells or bone cells or pancreas cells. Psychology later co-opted the word to refer to how psycho-logical development was influenced by one’s environment.

After DNA was discovered (in 1869!) and described (in 1953 by Wat-son and Crick) it was long believed that it never changed: You were born with the genetic material passed along by your parents, and that more or less determined who and what you would grow up to be.

“But we couldn’t explain why two people, say twins with the same DNA, came out with different traits,” Hoch- heiser said. “Epigenetics is now the science explaining how the environ-ment can influence our genes. It doesn’t change our genes … but it in-fluences how they’re expressed.”

In the past 20 years or so, as it be-came not only possible to map out an individual’s genome but to do so inex-pensively and easily, there has been an explosion in the field of genetics. One result has been the addition of another layer, so to speak, to the way we understand how genes work. The prefix “epi-” is Greek and means “around” or “atop” or “in addition to.” So today “epigenetics” refers to an ad-ditional layer to the mechanics of how genes work.

As complicated as genetics can be, the only things gene do is tell cells how to make proteins. Exactly how they do that is another much more complicated story, but Zach Hall, a retired neurobiologist whose area of research was stem cells and who to-day serves on the board of trustee at St. John’s, agreed that was a fair sum-

Epigenetics, a new branch of genetic research, will be ‘game changing.’

See geNetics on page 9

stock photo

New research is beginning to give us hints about just how our genes affect our lives and, perhaps more intriguing, how our lives affect our genes.

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mation.“But a heart muscle cell is very

different from a skin cell, a nerve cell, etc.,” he said. “Though the same genes are present in all cells, not all genes are active in all cells. The pat-tern of activities determines the prop-erties of the cell. Muscle cells create proteins that make it contract, which is important to a muscle,” while skin cells make proteins that give skin its properties.

The question, though, is how do genes get turned on or off, Hall said. The short answer is epi-genetics.

Embryos con-tain a special kind of cell called pluripotent stem cells. Anyone who has been paying attention to the ethical de-bate about stem cell research will have heard the term. They are cells that, as the life form develops, can make lots of other kinds of cells that eventually differentiate themselves into all our various parts: heart, liv-er, kidney, lung, brain ...

“They go through a series of devel-opmental changes,” Hall said. “A stem cell doesn’t become a muscle cell in one hop,” but rather through a series of epigenetic changes.

But also, Hall said, changes can oc-cur later in development, “and these are sometimes inheritable through not just cell division but also from one generation to the next.”

Hall described one compelling ex-periment in which two sets of mice were raised. One set of mothers were allowed to spend time with their pups,

licking and grooming and caring for them. The other group had limited time with their young.

Researchers found that the “proge-ny of those who spend time with their kids also spend time with kids,” Hall said. “Is that genetics or not?”

Phase two of the experiment sheds a little more light on the question.

“You take pups from a mother that licks a lot … give them a differ-ent kind of mother, and they follow their adopted mother, not their origi-nal mother,” Hall said. “Little about those pathways are known, but those changes set off circuits in the brain

of the young that may lead to hor-monal changes that propagate into the next gen-eration.”

In another ex-periment, two groups of fruit flies (every ge-netic researcher’s best friend) were incubated at dif-ferent tempera-tures. Though all

of the drosophila came from parents with white eyes, those hatched at a higher temperature were born with red eyes. What’s more, when the red-eye flies were bred, their offspring had the same trait.

While it’s important to make the obligatory observation that human beings are not mice or fruit flies, both experiments suggest what are known as Lemarckian changes: changes not to the DNA but to the way individual genes express themselves. That kind of change is named after the 18th-centu-ry French scientist Jean-Baptiste Le-marck, who is best remembered for dis-agreeing with Charles Darwin that the genes an organism are born with are all that determine what genes gets passed

geneticsContinued from 8

See genetics on page 23

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Obamacare plans better

but more costly

By Ben Graham

The enrollment period for health insurance has ended for 2014, which may leave some people

wondering exactly what kind of cov-erage they signed up for under the Affordable Care Act.

The short and sweet explanation is that the new insurance plans offer more coverage, but are most likely more expensive than people have been used to.

Qualified plans under Obamacare must provide maternity care, wheth-er you’re 20 years old or 60 years old, male or female.

Plans must also provide dental and vision coverage for children un-der the age of 19. Additionally, insur-ance companies cannot discriminate against people with pre-existing con-ditions by charging them more.

All of those new rules should mean that people for the most part will have better coverage under health care reform.

“They certainly are better because they are providing more services and also preventative services for no out-of-pocket costs,” St. John’s Medi-cal CEO Lou Hochheiser said. “And that’s a good thing.”

The downside is the cost.Insurance companies can no lon-

ger base how much they charge you on your health condition, so they have to make up for the difference somewhere.

“They can’t decide if you are a good risk or a bad risk,” said Linore Wal-lace, agent with Jackson Hole Insur-ance Services. “They’ve got to factor that into the equation.”

The only question insurance com-panies can ask is whether you’re a smoker. That is the only health-relat-ed question you must answer when signing for coverage on HealthCare.gov, the federal government’s much maligned website.

It remains to be seen how the changes will impact premiums in the future.

“What we don’t know is what ef-fect this is going to have on costs in the long run,” Hochheiser said.

“We don’t know how much people

are going to use those benefits,” he said. “Some people are saying right now that health care costs are going down.”

But others believe we can expect an increase in insurance costs in the next year, Hochheiser said.

“All I can say is this is a watch-and-wait year or two until things settle out,” he said.

In the short-term, people have fewer choices. You can no longer de-cide you want a less expensive “cat-astrophic” plan with an extremely high deductible.

To help out with the cost, the fed-eral government offers subsidies for people who make between 100 per-cent and 400 percent of the poverty line. That equates to an annual in-come of less than $46,000 for an in-dividual.

Those who make more don’t qual-ify. Plans are still available outside of the federal marketplace. Some agents say such plans tend to be cheaper, but they still must meet Obamacare standards.

Many people will have to make a decision during the next enrollment period, which lasts from Nov. 15, 2014, to Feb. 15, 2015.

Pre-existing conditions problem solved, federal government offers subsidies for some folks.

Affordable Care Act

The open enrollment period ended in March. If you don’t have health insurance now, you may be out of luck.

But there are exceptions to the enrollment deadline. People who experience “qualifying life events” are allowed to sign up for coverage once the period for enrollment has expired.

Examples include losing a job, moving to another state, having a baby or getting divorced, according to HealthCare.gov.

A person who goes through such an event has 60 days to enroll for insurance.

But one detail many people miss is that you must be insured before one of these events happens to be able to sign up for a new plan.

If you don’t have coverage, your only option may be a short term health plan.

The next enrollment period lasts from Nov. 15, 2014, to Feb. 15, 2015.

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By Michael Polhamus

In the most active county in the na-tion it would be easy to assume that only a statistical sliver of residents

is overweight.It would also be likely that inju-

ries claim more lives in Teton County, a place where people thrive on risk, than elsewhere in the country.

And with the party-hard ski resort label often bestowed on us, you might also expect our county to rank among the highest in the country for rates of alcohol dependency.

While all of those observations would seem to make sense, none of them are true.

Between 2007 and 2011 nearly half of the county’s adults were over-weight, according to the Wyoming Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Many in our valley actually lead relatively sedentary lives, St. John’s Medical Center’s Wellness Depart-ment director Julia Heemstra said.

Diet may also contribute to the county weight problem, she said.

“A lot of dieticians are now saying that food is more important than ex-ercise” for maintaining healthy body weight, she said.

In the same period, 63 percent of Wyomingites were overweight com-

pared with 69 percent of Americans.For reasons that county health of-

ficials could not fully explain, injuries in Teton County kill at a rate lower than the national average and well below Wyoming’s.

For every 10,000 people, 5.5 in Teton County died from injuries be-tween 2008 and 2010. During the same period Wyoming’s rate mea-sured 8.5 and the nation’s 5.9. Trends going as far back as 2002 show simi-lar frequencies, according to statis-tics from the National Vital Statistics System — Mortality program.

Nor does Teton County stand out for its drinking habits, at least com-pared to the nation, according to the Centers for Disease Control.

In 2010 the county matched Wyoming in its binge-drinking fre-quency. At the time 17.1 percent of adults said they binged in the past month compared with 16.9 percent for the state.

More suicides occur in Teton Coun-

ty, on average, than in the nation as a whole, but fewer than on average in Wyoming.

Between 2000 and 2010, 1.1 Ameri-cans killed themselves per 10,000 each year, according to the Wyoming Department of Health. In the same period Wyoming’s rate beat every other state at 1.9, and Teton County’s came in at 1.5.

That is a significant improvement, Jackson Hole Community Counsel-ing Executive Director Deidre Ashley said. In years past, she said, while Wyoming ranked first in the country, Teton County ranked first in the state for suicide frequency.

Alzheimer’s disease kills relatively few county residents.

Between 2003 and 2009, Teton County reported 1.6 Alzheimer’s deaths per 10,000 people each year, according to the National Vital Statis-tics System. Wyoming in that period had 2.3 and the United States 2.4.

Exercise, antioxidants and brain use are the top three preventive mea-sures against dementia, of which Al-zheimer’s is the most common subset, said Lisa Hoyt, a nurse practitioner for St. John’s Medical Center’s Insti-tute for Cognitive Health.

The top five causes of death in the county from 2010 to 2012 were cancer, heart disease, unintentional injuries, chronic lower respiratory disease and suicide, according to the Wyoming De-partment of Health.

The county’s rate of cancer between 2006 and 2010 averaged 41.1 per 10,000 people every year, compared with the state’s 43.1 per year and the

country’s 47, according to the Nation-al Cancer Institute.

Incidence of coronary heart dis-ease in Teton County averaged 3.8 per 10,000 people every year between 2008 and 2010, according to the Na-tional Vital Statistics System. In that period Wyoming averaged 9.7, and the country 12.7.

Chronic lower respiratory disease killed an average of 2 county resi-dents per 10,000 each year between 2006 and 2010, according to the Na-tional Vital Statistics System. Wyo-ming’s average rate was 5.8, and the nation’s was 4.4.

Teton County health risks, strengths not what you think

State statistics show more than half ofJackson’s populationis overweight.

Injury deaths per 100,000 people

Teton County2008-10 — 55.12007-09 — 44.72006-08 — 47.22002-08 — 60.7

Wyoming2008-10 — 84.92007-09 — 82.52006-08 — 84.72002-08 — 81.6

United States2008-10 — 58.62007-09 — 59.32006-08 — 60.12002-08 — 60.3

Source: National Vital Statistics System — Mortality

“A lot of dieticians are now saying that food

is more important than exercise.”

– Julia HeemstraSt. John’S Medical center

WellneSS departMent director

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By Johanna Love

Petting cats lowers blood pressure. Watching fish can calm anxiety. Walking a dog fills your exercise

quotient as well as his.According to the Centers for Dis-

ease Control and Prevention, pets ben-efit our health in a number of ways.

“Pets can decrease your blood pres-sure, cholesterol levels, triglyceride levels, feelings of loneliness,” accord-ing to the CDC’s website. They also can increase “your opportunities for exercise and outdoor activities and

opportunities for socialization.”Jackson is full of animal lovers,

headed up by the dog contingent. There are about 10,000 dogs owned by the 20,000 people in the valley, according to a veterinarian sur-vey done each year by PAWS of Jackson Hole, an animal ad-vocacy group.

Visitors to the Jackson Hole Con-servation Alliance might be greeted on any given day by Juniper, a pug-Boston terrier mix. She has a bed un-der owner Zeenie Scholz’s desk, but she loves to get attention from others.

“She helps put my colleagues and visitors at ease,” Scholz said.

Because Scholz can tend to get wrapped up in a project without tak-ing breaks, the small dog helps in a big way.

“Juniper really helps with the stress level at work,” Scholz said. “She gives me a time out, forces me to get out of the office and away from the monitor.”

Although Juniper doesn’t need as much exercise as a larger breed, she still draws her owner on walks and to Sophie’s Place dog park.

“I definitely spend more time out-doors, even when the weather is bad,” Scholz said. Being a dog owner “forces you to go out and do things that are

Pets keep us calm, get us out

BRADLY J. BONER / NEWS&GUIDE FILE

St. John’s Medical Center patient Carson Johns, 7, laughs after Owen, a certified Pet Partner, hopped up on his hospital bed. St. John’s began its Pet Partners program in 2009.

Scholz

Animals havethe power to helpus with our health.

See Pets on page 13

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beneficial for your health under the guise of it being beneficial for your pet.”

Petting an animal can bring joy to people who are hurting, relieving stress and enhancing their well-be-ing, said Amy Rojo, an evaluator for the national Pet Partners program. Every Tuesday, she takes one of her two English springer spaniel therapy dogs, Tika and Huckleberry Finn, to St. John’s Medical Center and Living Center. Other Pet Partners visit River Rock Lodge’s assisted living facility and even schools in the valley.

“It’s so rewarding to see the smiles on patients’ faces,” Rojo said, “wheth-er it be because my dogs are cheering them up or they miss their own dogs.”

Several years ago, Rojo and Tika were making their rounds at the hos-pital. While visiting a woman whose face was severely disfigured and could not speak, Tika hopped up on a chair and laid her muzzle on the hospital bed. The woman began crying and gestured for a marker and whiteboard from the nurse.

“She said, ‘She makes me happy because she’s not afraid of what I look like,’” Rojo said.

At River Rock Lodge, about a quar-ter of the 40 residents have a pet, said

activity director Jim Wolfgang, and “Fur Fun” sessions with Pet Partners are scheduled several times per month.

“I’ve witnessed many health ben-efits of having pets,” Wolfgang said, “from the physical benefit of having a reason to go out and walk around with your dog to the psychological benefits of having a creature to care for that relies on you, along with the unconditional love a pet gives.”

Those without their own animals line up for the Fur Fun sessions, he said.

“You can see the waves of calm roll-ing over them when there’s a dog in the room that wants to pay attention to them,” Wolfgang said.

Fish have been calming Justin Walters for years now. A visitor ser-vice agent with the Jackson Hole Chamber of Commerce, Walters in-stalled a 160-gallon saltwater aquar-ium in his home and filled it with about 50 species.

“I get my exercise from our dog and relaxation in the evening from the fish tank,” Walters said.

After his girlfriend, Jessie Stirling, was in a serious car crash this winter, watching the fish helped her recover, he said, mitigating some of the anxi-ety produced by the concussion and flashbacks.

“It calmed her down to watch it,” Walters said. “They’re great stress re-lievers.”


Pulled along on his skateboard, Eric Sweet cruises down Virginian Lane with his Great Danes Moses and Shayna in early March.

Get out

With thousands of acres of public land surrounding Jackson, places to explore with your pet abound. Here are some popular trails to hike with a furry friend:

Sink or SwimHagen TrailCache Creek TrailSnake River DikeOld Pass RoadGame Creek Trail

petsContinued from 12

“I get my exercise from our dog,and relaxationin the evening

from the fish tank.”– Justin Walters

AquArium enthusiAst

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Thank you to the physicians and staff who helped

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Use it or lose it

By Jennifer Dorsey

It’s a Wednesday morning in April, and about 20 people are wrapping up a Leslie’s Fitness class at the

Senior Center of Jackson Hole.Led by Leslie Roberts, the men

and women have done aerobics, strength-building and stretching moves.

Leslie’s Fitness classes are held

six times a week at the senior cen-ter. They’ve been a hit.

“I come three times a week,” said Regina Schultz, 72, one of the par-ticipants in that day’s class. “It’s been just fabulous. I’m getting stronger. And it gets you ready for skiing and golf.”

Bob Ferguson, 81, said, “My phi-losophy is ‘use it or lose it.’ ”

Though participants appeared to be having fun — “It’s a social occa-sion, too,” Schultz said — what they were doing was serious business. One research finding after another

Activity is key to staying mentally and physically healthy past 50.


Leslie Roberts, a cancer exercise trainer at St. John’s Medical Center, leads her Leslie’s Fitness class at the Senior Center of Jackson Hole in 2012, helping about 25 people work out with a mix of cardio, strength training and cognitive exercises during the one-hour session.

See senIors on page 15

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shows that for the 50-plus crowd, being physically active is key to keeping body and mind functioning well with each passing year.

“If you could sell exercise in a bottle it would be more effective for your health than a lot of drugs on the market,” Jackson physician Bruce Hayse said. “Exercise and getting enough sleep rank high on the factors for health in old age.”

Hayse, 65, is a hiker, kayaker and backcountry skier. In other words he’s like a lot of Jackson Hole residents.

Yet mixed into the athletic milieu here are people who don’t exercise.

“I see them every day in my of-fice,” Hayse said. “The idea used to be that you worked hard all your life, and when you got old you took it easy.”

Experts don’t want people to become couch potatoes as they grow older. Ex-ercise is so im-portant for se-niors that the National Insti-tute of Health has partnered on a campaign called “Go4Life” that encourages sedentary older adults to incor-porate physical activity into their daily routines.

Exercise reduces the risks of Type 2 diabetes, stroke, hypertension, coronary heart disease, obesity and some kinds of cancer, the NIH said.

A clinical trial involving people age 60 and older with osteoarthri-tis in their knees found that aerobic exercise and resistance programs increased functionality and reduced pain.

The National Osteoporosis Foun-dation says weight-bearing exercise and even low-impact workouts help build bones and keep them strong.

And balance exercises — tai chi, for example — reduce older people’s risk of falling, which in turn less-ens the chances of bone breaks, the foundation said.

Then there’s the mind. Dr. Mar-tha Stearn, a Jackson Hole inter-nist, said that when she tries to get older patients to exercise “the big motivator is what it can do for the brain.”

Stearn, who is the founding di-rector of the St. John’s Institute for Cognitive Health, said exercise can slow the progression of mild cogni-tive impairment, the memory loss that precedes dementia. There are no medications to do that.

“It’s huge,” she said of the impor-tance of physical activity. “It’s prob-

ably the most important thing some-one with that diagnosis can do.”

Stearn said Idaho Falls seniors walk the malls for exercise. Jackson residents don’t have that option, so she hopes to see an indoor track added to the Teton County/Jackson Recreation Center so older residents don’t have to give up their walks.

In the meantime, indoor options include the rec center pool and classes, senior center classes and equipment, and athletic clubs and yoga studios.

Both of Stearn’s parents had Al-zheimer’s disease, which increases her risk of getting it. So she takes her own advice and exercises every day if she can, “which is most of the time.” At 68 she cycles, walks, hikes and cross-country skis.

“There’s definitely scientific evi-dence that exercise makes a huge difference in brain health,” she

said. “If you can remember only one thing [to do] it should be to exercise.”

KO Stroh-behn is among those who don’t need convincing. The 68-year-old east Jackson resident cross-country skis, hikes and rides her bike. She also takes yoga, Pilates and spin-

ning classes.“I like to be outdoors,” she said. “I

feel better for all of it.”On the occasions when Strobehn

can’t do something physical, she said, she doesn’t sleep as well and also gets “really stiff and sore.”

There’s room for debate on how much physical activity is optimum for seniors.

The Centers for Disease Con-trol and Prevention recommends at least the following:

(1) Two hours and 30 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity (like brisk walking) every week and muscle-strengthening activities on two or more days a week that work all the major muscle groups;

or (2) one hour and 15 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic activ-ity (like jogging and running) every week and muscle-strengthening ac-tivities two or more days a week;

or (3) an equivalent mix of moder-ate- and vigorous-intensity aerobic activity and muscle-strenghthening activities on two or more days a week.

The point is seniors should just keep moving.

Exercise is “a hard thing to quan-tify,” Hayse said. “No one can agree on what type is best or how much, but it always turns out that people who exercise are much healthier.”

seniorsContinued from 14

“There’s definitely scientific evidence

that exercise makesa huge differencein brain health.”

– Dr. Martha StearnSt. John’S InStItute

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By Brielle Schaeffer

Although it’s modeled after a ballet basic, the valley’s latest exercise craze is more about

pulses than plies.Barre classes, taught at new fit-

ness boutique P22 (formerly Physique 22) and at Dancers’ Workshop, focus on strengthening muscles by doing tiny movements while using a hand-rail for balance.

“It’s a very non aggressive practice, but it’s still rigorous, and the reason it’s still rigorous is because of the way we do things in here,” P22 owner and instructor Danielle Goldyn said. “It’s about the movement that we’re doing. Basically you’re pushing your bigger muscle structures to exhaustion chal-

lenging your smaller muscle struc-tures and stabilizers to kick in. It’s almost adding a layer of strength onto the muscle you already had without bulking you up.”

Unlike lifting weights, where mus-cle is built upon muscle, the isometric pulses that barre classes are centered on build into the muscle to enhance what it’s already doing.

The movements stimulate muscle growth and muscle development for long lasting strength, she said.

German dancer Lotte Burke creat-

ed the barre workout in the late 1950s while she was injured to strengthen and restore balance to her body.

Today the classes are useful for both injury prevention and rehabili-tation, Goldyn said.

“A lot of people come in here with injuries and have been referred by physicians to be here,” she said.

The classes are also heavily cen-tered on the core. After some stretch-es, pushups and a plank at the be-ginning of each hour-long session, participants then head to the barre to

incorporate the short movements into squats and leg lifts. Sometimes props like a ball, exercise band or hand weights are also used.

“Stabilizers are a big point of atten-tion for the practice — everything that keeps holding you upright,” Goldyn said. “The practice really focuses on the inside out.”

It’s about keeping the center of the body tight and working strength into extremities, she said.

While the small pulses may sound

Barre none

Latest exercise trend builds core, strength.

PRICE CHAMBERS / NEWS&GUIDE

Using a ballet barre to decrease the impact on your body, barre class at P22 uses small isometric movements and eccentric contractions to push your muscles to the limit.

See BArre on page 17

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effortless, they’re actually really chal-lenging.

“It’s really hard,” Goldyn said.Sweaty bodies and shaky legs are

a given for most participants. But the aesthetic and physical benefits are undeniable.

“The results are immediate, the re-sults are really powerful,” she said. “Everything feels a little bit stronger, a little bit tighter where it’s supposed to be. Everything works and functions the way it should.”

In our outdoor-sport -obsessed valley, the classes are also a good supplement to other activities.

“It has all these additional bene-fits without being so intrusive on the body,” Goldyn said. I think that’s why people like it. They feel like they’re getting an amazing workout, but they don’t walk out of here with achy knee joints or uncomfortable areas of the body be-cause you don’t push it that way.”

Goldyn’s skier and outdoorsy friends have told her they’re finding just that little extra edge after prac-ticing barre, she said.

“They’re feeling that little bit of oomph,” she said. “It’s a tried and true practice. I really believe it’s here for the long haul.”

P22 barre classes are generally

packed. Participants are encouraged to sign up online ahead of time at Physique22.com.

Dancers’ Workshop also has ongo-ing “Booty Barre” classes, which is a trademarked variety of the tradition-al barre method. Those classes also have props like hand weights and rubber balls but focus a lot on exercise bands tied to the barre for resistance work, instructor Kate Kosharek said.

“It’s a perfect blend of dance and pi-lates and yoga,” she said. “You’re getting stretching and strengthening all in one hour.”

The classes are also a less threatening way for people to try ballet, Kosharek said.

“It’s also for people who may-be enjoy danc-ing and moving in that dancerly kind of way but don’t call them-selves dancers,” she said. “It’s built for the ordi-

nary person. You don’t need to have 10 years of ballet training to take a nice barre class and do it safely.”

In addition, it’s fun.“You get to work out to fun music

and feel like you’re dancing,” Ko-sharek said. “The variety within the class is really nice.”

Experience a Barre exercise class. Get a good workout, meet new friends and have fun as well. Visit Danc-ersWorkshop.com to obtain a class schedule.

barreContinued from 16

“It’s a perfect blend of dance, Pilates

and yoga. The results are really powerful.”

– Kate KosharekDW Barre Instructor

Hole, there’s a shoe made for it and a specialist somewhere in town who can tell you which shoe to wear and give you an explanation of why.

That’s especially true in the winter, when even a broke ski bum will shell out thousands to get the right boot.

“Getting that fit is definitely really important,” John Slaughter, a floor manager and boot fitter at Teton Moun-taineering, said. “Getting your feet comfortable and having that solid foun-dation for your movements is going to make it a lot easier to get out and get after it.”

Slaughter works most frequently with customizing a boot’s lining within the shell, he said. Even something as basic as that can save a skiers a month of discomfort while they wait for the lin-ing to mold to their feet on its own.

“If you’re going to spend money on a piece of gear, spend it on your ski boots,” Slaughter said. “You can manage may-be with cheaper skis or poles, but noth-ing will end your day faster than having boots that aren’t right for your feet.”

When it comes to high-impact sum-mer sports like climbing and running,

choosing the right shoe becomes even more imperative, Christensen said.

“It’s the difference between climbing the Grand Teton in an approach shoe versus a regular running shoe, or going backpacking with a light or heavy hik-ing boot,” she said. “They’re made for different kinds of situations and it can cause a lot of trouble if you don’t have the right one for what you’re doing, es-pecially if you’re a high-use kind of per-son like so many people here are.”

For those with atypically shaped feet, including people with high or low arch-es, there are shoes made to compensate and orthotic inserts to make any shoe able to compensate.

Christensen also recommends pay-ing careful attention to conditioning the muscles that are supposed to support and work with the foot, especially the calves, quads, glutes and all of the core muscle groups in the abdomen.

“The majority of the injuries in Jack-son are for a pretty good reason, not just a failure to support your body with your core or your feet,” Christensen said. “But with these overuse kinds of inju-ries or pains, we do look at the whole leg, from the foot and ankle on up. The problem may be at least partly with an-other part of that chain.”

It makes sense to be good to your feet.

feetContinued from 5

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ENJOY READING ABOUT

health and fitness?Check out the columns by local health and

wellness professionals each week in the Health Page.

Find it in the Valley section of the

• NUTRITION • • FITNESS •

• MENTAL HEALTH AND SOCIAL SERVICES • • CHILDREN’S HEALTH •

• WOMEN’S HEALTH •


On the rise, e-cigarettes

raise questions

By Josh Cooper

It’s becoming more common to see people smoking in bars and other places, and even to see commer-

cials for cigarettes on television.But these aren’t the normal paper-

and-tobacco cigarettes being used and

promoted. They’re electronic.Electronic cigarettes are a relative-

ly recent invention that allows users to inhale water and other gaseous vapors with nicotine and thereby get some of the experience of smoking without inhaling tobacco smoke.

E-cigarettes were invented by Chinese pharmacist Hon Lik in 2003 with patents held by the Ruyan (Chi-nese for “like smoke”) Company.

The market for the products is

While probably not as bad as smoking, new devices still pose risks.

PRICE CHAMBERS / NEWS&GUIDE

Makers of electronic cigarettes claim their products deliver nicotine through water vapor, with none of the carcinogens associated with smoking the real thing.

See e-cIg on page 19

Right to Life of Teton County P.O. Box 8313, Jackson, WY 83002, 733-5564 • Elaine Kuhr

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Email [email protected] or call 307.733.2047 with any questions.

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experiencing explosive growth. Cur-rently e-cigarettes are a $2 billion industry, up from $300 million just three years ago.

The traditional tobacco industry, an $80 billion-a-year enterprise, isn’t taking the advent of new com-petition sitting down. Each of the top three tobacco companies, Phil-ip Morris, Lorillard and Reynolds American, have either started its own e-cigarette brand or bought an existing one.

The local tobacco emporium To-bacco Row has been carrying them for several years, and manager Dan-iel Bussard said he has seen an in-crease in their popularity.

For a lot of peo-ple, Bussard said, it’s the ability to use it anywhere, and the fact that it’s not actual to-bacco, it’s just the nicotine.”

Dr. James Lit-tle Jr., a family practitioner with St. John’s Medi-cal Center, is not impressed by electronic cigarettes and said there are no real benefits to their use.

“Electronic cigarettes are almost equally as harmful as regular ciga-rettes,” Little said. “Tobacco manufac-turers are trying to market them as a safer alternative, but that’s not been supported by the scientific literature at all. There may be less tar and less other compounds in the vapor that you’re breathing, but you’re still get-ting nicotine, and nicotine itself is harmful. Electronic cigarettes are, in my opinion, a marketing technique and are definitely not safer or better.”

Little said one of his main con-cerns with electronic cigarettes is that they still deliver nicotine, which can be addictive in all its forms.

“I take care of a lot of people who get addicted to nicotine gum or loz-enges and also electronic cigarettes, and they do that instead of smoking,” Little said. “That might be slightly better than smoking, but it’s still not

good for you.”There is, however, some debate

about their health effects in the medical community. A 2011 article in the peer-reviewed Journal of Public Health Policy said e-cigarettes are in fact safer and can be helpful for smokers who want to quit.

“The evidence ... suggests that electronic cigarettes are a much saf-er alternative to tobacco cigarettes,” the article’s authors, Zachary Cahna and Michael Siegel, write. “They are likely to improve upon the efficacy of traditional pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation.”

The Food and Drug Administra-tion is expected to get involved in the largely unregulated e-cigarette industry as early as this month.

The agency says it plans to pro-pose new rules for manufactur-ers, although it hasn’t specified what those rules might be.

One other risk the devices pose is in the nicotine liquid that pro-vides the buzz. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

said they’ve seen an increase in calls about accidental ingestion of e-cig-arette liquid. In September 2010, the CDC reported an average of one e-cigarette-related call per month; that number had soared to approxi-mately 215 calls a month by Febru-ary of this year.

Those who use e-cigarettes do so for numerous reasons, but a big rea-son is as an aid to quit using tradi-tional tobacco.

A recent study in the journal Ad-diction found that 96 percent of e-cig-arette users surveyed did so to help them quit smoking or to reduce their smoking. Eighty-four percent said they perceived it as less toxic than tobacco, 79 percent said it helped deal with tobacco cravings, and 67 percent said it helped mitigate with-drawal symptoms. Most ex-smokers surveyed, 79 percent, feared they might relapse to smoking if they stopped using e-cigarettes.

e-cigContinued from 18

“They may beslightly betterthan smoking,

but it’s stillnot good for you.”

– Dr. James Little Jr.Family practitioner

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Articles, nutrition info & class schedules

T2BB has a philosophy that really resonates with me. I feel my body is responding better to the concentration on form as opposed to other style trainings I have been doing. The balance & fitness building blocks I’m learning at T2BB seem like a much more appropriate starting place than just getting thrown into 1000 rep activities.

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Sorting through the

(nutrition) facts

By Clark Forster

Nutrition facts can be complicated.Is the 2,000-calorie diet for

everyone?Are carbs really that bad?Is the serving size accurate?These are the kinds of questions

that nutrition counselor Mary Ryan hears every day.

Ryan is the founder of Beyond Broccoli nutrition counseling in Jack-son. She helps people understand nu-trition and use it to stay healthy.

The most confusing part of the nu-trition facts, Ryan said, is typically the serving size.

“Food manufacturers often state that what would typically be a single serving is actually two or more serv-ings,” she said. “Whenever I see this a red flag is raised, and the product of-ten contains too much of something.”

That “too much of something” Ryan refers to is things such as salt, sugar and fat, ingredients often viewed as unhealthy by the average consumer.

Of course, many things are consid-ered unhealthy if they aren’t taken in moderation. But many people at-tempt to avoid salt, sugar and fat

when trying to diet, get in shape or just stay healthy.

“There is way too much fear-based eating going on these days,” Ryan said.

People avoid certain vital substanc-es because they think they’re bad for them. Many believe that if they put these things in their body they will get fat or be on the fast track to be-coming unhealthy.

“We all need some fat and sodium,” said Ryan. “Insufficient fat over time can cause many problems — especial-ly the more beneficial fats, like ome-ga-3 fats important for heart, brain, and immune system health.”

The same thing goes with carbo-hydrates.

The popular Atkins diet has been around since 1972 but has become a phenomenon of sorts since the re-lease of Dr. Robert Atkins’ book “New Diet Revolution” in 2002. The diet is high in protein and fat, low in carbo-hydrates. Many other diets have de-signed around the premise of low-carb intake.

The Atkins diet inspired many peo-ple around the world to start counting carbs and also led many to mistak-enly believe carbohydrates were bad.

“Carbs are important,” Ryan said. “It is important to know that in ad-dition to bread, pasta and sugar, many other nutritious foods such as fruits, starchy vegetables, beans and

Fearful eating makes people avoid carbs and other thingsthey actually need.

See NUTRITION on page 21

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Too much of some ingredients — like sodium and saturated fat — is bad for you. Reading product labels, like this box of mac and cheese, can help people make better choices.

legumes, yogurt and nuts are forms of carbs. When we make blanket state-ments like ‘carbs are bad’ or ‘carbs make you fat’ this makes no sense.”

Ryan said the topic is confusing. Many health experts who support the anti-carb position have had little or no education in nutrition. Nutrition training is not required in most medi-cal schools.

Every person is different. Height,

weight, age and activity level all fac-tor into what a person’s daily value of nutrition should be.

The 2,000-calorie diet is just an average. A 6-foot-3, 220-pound man and a 5-foot-3, 120-pound woman do not require the same number of calo-ries. It’s the same way a weight lifter and a cyclist do not require the same amount of protein.

“This is a great example of why in-dividualized nutrition counseling is important,” Ryan said. “There are so many variables.”

NUTRITIONContinued from 20

Nutrition FactsServing Size 1 cup (228g)Servings Per Container 2

Amount Per ServingCalories 250 Calories from Fat 110

% Daily Value*

Total Fat 12g Saturated Fat 3g Trans Fat 3gCholesterol 30mgSodium 470mgTotal Carbohydrate 31g Dietary Fiber 0g Sugars 5gProtein 5g

18%15%

10%20%10%0%

Vitamin AVitamin CCalciumIron

4%2%

20%4%

* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. Your Daily Values may be higher or lower depending on your calorie needs.

Total Fat Sat FatCholesterolSodiumTotal Carbohydrate Dietary Fiber

Calories:Less thanLess thanLess thanLess than

2,00065g20g300mg2,400mg300g25g

2,50080g25g300mg2,400mg375g30g

Serving SizeThis tells you what amount equals one serving of the product. Every other nutrient value listed on the label is based on this amount.CaloriesCalories are a unit of energy. Calories in food come from carbohydrates, protein and fat. Because calories give us energy, we need them to be able to think and be active.% Daily ValueThis tells you the percentage of the recommended daily value for a nutrient that you get in one serving. A food that has more than 20% of the Daily Value of a certain nutrient is a good source of that nutrient.Total CarbohydrateCarbohydrates give your muscles and brain energy. Certain types of carbohydrates are sometimes listed on the label.

Total FatFat is essential in our bodies. There are four kinds of fat. Monosaturated and polyunsaturated fat are the kinds of fat that are heart-healthy. These kinds of fat may not be included on the food label. Saturated fat and trans fat are unhealthy for your heart and should be limited.SodiumSodium tells you how much salt is in the food. People with high blood pressure are sometimes told to follow a low-sodium diet.ProteinThis nutrient is used to build muscle and fight infections.Vitamins/MineralsThis tells you the percent Daily Value for vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium and iron you are getting from this product. Other vitamins and minerals may be included in this section.

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about everything, including cancer. There’s no proof it meets any of the more outlandish claims, Metherell said, a position that’s supported by the American Cancer Society.

“It’s probiotic, and I think because of its acidity it can be beneficial to health in general,” Metherell said, “because the acidity can actually help the body fight off infection.”

But it’s not a panacea, an opinion also held by Poa Jacobsen, a former Teton County Extension employee and a maven of fermentation. She agreed about minor benefits but kept her head.

“I like it,” she said. “But I don’t think it’s a miracle or anything.”

She called kombucha “kind of a fad right now.”

For the adventurous, there’s the

homemade route, but that’s where the biggest danger lies, Metherell said.

“It’s easy to contaminate,” she said, “and so not for people who are at all immune-compromised or who have diabetes, cancer, AIDS or HIV or someone already sick with flu or upper respiratory infections.”

Jacobsen agreed about the dan-ger of a bad batch and said that if it’s probiotics you’re after, kombucha isn’t the best route.

And even if you make it right, “it just may not be the best way to get probiotics,” she said.

She and Metherell both recom-mended yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut and kimchee as good sources of pro-biotics. There are also supplements.

For those who do want or like kombucha, safe products are made by a variety of companies, includ-ing Celestial Seasonings and Honest Tea, which is owned by Coke.

kombuchaContinued from 6

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along to subsequent generations.So, if conditions under which an

embryo develops or a very young or-ganism grows can affect how indi-vidual genes express themselves and thus how individual organisms ap-pear or behave, what about conditions later in life? Might it be that things in our environment — good and bad things — can affect the way an adult’s genes make proteins? After all, just because one person in a family gets a form of cancer, that doesn’t mean that everyone in that family will get that same form of cancer. That’s the question being asked by the lat-est generation of genetic research-ers, including scientists at the Institute for Eth-nomedicine here in Jackson.

S a n d r a Banack earned her doctorate in integrative biol-ogy from the Uni-versity of Cali-fornia, Berkeley. She said one of the things the interna-tional research team at the institute is looking at is how genes are “turned on and off by environmental factors.” That could be what we eat, toxins in our environment or other factors.

For example, a village on the island of Guam has an unusually high rate of Lou Gehrig’s disease and Alzheimer’s. Led by the institute’s executive direc-tor Paul Cox, a team of researchers looking for an answer why discovered that a fruit the villagers ate contained a kind of bacteria that made a neu-rotoxin. This toxin triggered a gene that causes cells to create misshapen proteins associated with the dreaded

brain disorders.“One thing we’re looking at is the cel-

lular mechanisms that this toxin turns on or turns off,” Banack said. “What happens now? Does the cell make more and more copies? Does the cell start to turn off things? What are the cellular and molecular mechanism?

“It may be an overstatement that everything our body comes in contact with subsequently influences the ex-pression of certain genes,” she said, “but nearly everything — the things we breath, exposure we have, even heat and cold … exposure to sun-light. … It’s hard to think of examples where environmental factors don’t ul-timately affect how our genes express

themselves.”Perhaps as

Richard David-son suggests, even the way we love, how happy we are or our ability to be com-passionate could be a trigger.

Hall was somewhat more circumspect.

“I’d caution you a little,” he said. “The lay au-

dience can apply it all too well to all sorts of phenomenon. It’s important to know about, but I think right now we just need to be cautious.”

But he and Hochheiser agreed it’s a science that shows amazing promise on many fronts.

“It’s explaining what we used to call drug resistance,” Hochheiser said. “Suddenly we have a scientific basis.” It may lead to new treatments for can-cers and many other serious diseases.

“The truth is it’s creating a new tool for us and new understanding that we never had that is truly in its infancy. It’s going to be game chang-ing,” he said.

geneticsContinued from 9

“It’s creating a new tool for us ... that we

never had that is truly in its infancy.”

– Dr. Lou HochheiserSt. John’S medical center ceo

Please call (307) 734-1005 to schedule an appointment.

Gros Ventre OB/GYN | P.O. Box 1844, Jackson WY, 83001 | Phone: (307) 734-1005 | Fax: (307) 734-1165 | www.gvog.net

We are currently accepting patients for pregnancy care, gynecology, & infertility. We also offer services for urinary incontinence repair, pelvic reconstruction & laparoscopic surgery.Dr. Maura Lofaro, F.A.C.O.G.Dr. Shannon Roberts, F.A.C.O.G.Christina Moran, C.F.N.P.Joanna Sheets, CNM

You take care of them, We’ll take care of you

L O C A T I O N S T O S E R V E Y O U I N J A C K S O N , D R I G G S , P I N E D A L E A N D S T A R VA L L E Y

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Individual, Couples & Family Therapy

When Communication Skills don’t touch those places that hurt in your relationship...

EMOTIONALLY FOCUSED THERAPY THE NEW SCIENCE OF LOVE

•Closeness •Connection •Safety •Intimacy

LauraSantomauroLMFTCertifiedEmotionallyFocusedTherapist

(307)690-2153•[email protected]


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hole health 2014

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