holography
TRANSCRIPT
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Holography:Do you see what I see?
Shawn Kennedy
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Word Origin
Hologram is from the Greek word holos, meaning whole and gramma meaning message.
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Hologram History
Theory Developed in 1947 by British/Hungarian scientist Dennis Gabor
Developed because he was trying to improve the resolution of electron microscopes
Development in this field was stifled during the 1950’s because light sources were not coherent
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Coherent Light and a Solution
Coherent light is light that is monochromatic and of a single wavelength
In 1960, the invention of the laser overcame the non-coherent light problem
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History Continued
In 1962 Emmett Leith and Juris Upatnieks realized that holography could be used as a 3-D visual medium
From their work, they used a laser to create the first hologram in history, that of a toy train and bird
This type of hologram required laser light to be viewed, though.
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White Light and High Speed Objects
In 1962 Dr. Uri Denisyuk of the former U.S.S.R. developed a white light reflection hologram, which could be viewed in light from a normal incandescent bulb.
In 1960, with the invention of the pulsed-ruby laser, holograms of high speed objects was made possible
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Pulsed-Laser Holography
Laser system emits a very powerful burst of light that lasts only a few nanoseconds, which effectively freezes movement
Enables a hologram to be made of a human
The first hologram of a person was made in 1967
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Dr. Dennis Gabor
18” x 24” portrait
Recorded in 1971
Paved the way for pulsed holographic portraiture
Portrait commemorated Gabor winning the Nobel Prize that year
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Dr. Stephen A. Benton
Dr. Stephen A. Benton invented white-light transmission holography in 1968.
This type of hologram can be viewed in ordinary white light creating a rainbow image from the seven colors making up white light.
His work made possible the mass production of holograms using an embossing technique.
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The Integral Hologram
This type of hologram was invented by Lloyd Cross in 1972.
It combines white light transmission holography with conventional cinematography to produce moving 3-D objects.
2-D motion picture footage of a rotating subject are recorded on holographic film, which when viewed is processed by the brain in 3-D
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The Photo Polymer
This type of hologram developed by the Polaroid Corporation for mass production
This is a reflection hologram that can be viewed in normal room light.
The Mirage hologram is the most famous hologram of this type.
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How Holograms are Made
Need a laser, lenses, mirror, photographic film, and an object
The laser light is separated into two beams, reference beam and object beam
Reference beam enlarged and aimed at a piece of holographic film
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Making Holograms
Object beam directed at subject to be recorded and expanded to illuminate subject
Object beam reflects off of object and meets reference beam at film
Produces interference pattern which is recorded
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Making Holograms Cont.
Film is developed
Hologram illuminated at same angle as reference beam during original exposure to reveal holographic image
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Recording of Types of Holograms
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Physical Concepts
Lloyd’s Mirror
Reflection
Light Wave Interference and Diffraction
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National Geographic
First major publication to put a hologram on its cover
March 1984 issue carried nearly 11 million holograms around the world
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Applications of Holography
Design of containers to hold nuclear materials
Credit cards carry monetary value
Supermarket scanners
Optical Computers
Improve design of aircraft wings and turbine blades
Used in aircraft “heads-up display”
Art
Archival Recording of fragile museum artifacts
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Holography in the Future
Medical Purposes
Gaming Systems
Personal Defense
Computers
Artwork
Amusement Park Rides
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Holography goes Hollywood
Holodeck from Star Trek Holodeck Clip
Star Wars Chess Game
Body Double in Total Recall
The Wizard in Wizard of Oz