HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Chapter 13Chapter 13

RECONSTRUCTION RECONSTRUCTION AND THE NEW SOUTHAND THE NEW SOUTH

Section 1:Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction Presidential Reconstruction

Section 2:Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction Congressional Reconstruction

Section 3:Section 3: Reconstruction in the South Reconstruction in the South

Section 4:Section 4: The New South The New South

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON2

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Objectives:Objectives:What hopes and expectations did African Americans What hopes and expectations did African Americans

in the South have for their lives as freedpeople?in the South have for their lives as freedpeople?How did President Lincoln and Congress differ over How did President Lincoln and Congress differ over

plans for Reconstruction?plans for Reconstruction?How did President Johnson’s programs benefit How did President Johnson’s programs benefit

former Confederates?former Confederates?How did the Black Codes affect freedpeople?How did the Black Codes affect freedpeople?

Section 1: Presidential ReconstructionSection 1: Presidential Reconstruction

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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

African AmericansAfrican Americanswished to establish churches and schoolswished to establish churches and schoolshoped to legalize marriageshoped to legalize marriageshoped to find family members who had been sold hoped to find family members who had been sold

awayawaydesired ownership of landdesired ownership of landexpected basic human rightsexpected basic human rights

Section 1: Presidential ReconstructionSection 1: Presidential Reconstruction

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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

LincolnLincolnwanted to abolish slaverywanted to abolish slaverywanted to give amnesty to most southernerswanted to give amnesty to most southernerswished to allow rebel states to rejoin the Union wished to allow rebel states to rejoin the Union

when ten percent of residents who had voted in when ten percent of residents who had voted in 1860 pledged loyalty to the Union1860 pledged loyalty to the Union

Section 1: Presidential ReconstructionSection 1: Presidential Reconstruction

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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

CongressCongresswanted to abolish slaverywanted to abolish slaverywanted to delay Reconstruction until a majority of wanted to delay Reconstruction until a majority of

each state’s white males took a loyalty oatheach state’s white males took a loyalty oath

Section 1: Presidential ReconstructionSection 1: Presidential Reconstruction

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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

President Johnson’s programsPresident Johnson’s programsgave blanket pardons for most rebelsgave blanket pardons for most rebelsgave easy terms for readmission into the Union: gave easy terms for readmission into the Union:

states had to nullify their acts of secession, abolish states had to nullify their acts of secession, abolish slavery, and refuse to pay war debtsslavery, and refuse to pay war debts

Section 1: Presidential ReconstructionSection 1: Presidential Reconstruction

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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

The Black CodesThe Black Codestried to deprive freedpeople of equalitytried to deprive freedpeople of equalityre-established white control over African re-established white control over African

American laborAmerican labor

Section 1: Presidential ReconstructionSection 1: Presidential Reconstruction

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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Objectives:Objectives: What issues divided Republicans during the early What issues divided Republicans during the early

Reconstruction era?Reconstruction era? Why did moderates and Radical Republicans join forces, Why did moderates and Radical Republicans join forces,

and what actions did they take on behalf of African and what actions did they take on behalf of African Americans?Americans?

Why was President Johnson impeached, and why did the Why was President Johnson impeached, and why did the Senate not remove him from office?Senate not remove him from office?

Why were African Americans crucial to the election of Why were African Americans crucial to the election of 1868, and how did Republicans respond to their support?1868, and how did Republicans respond to their support?

Section 2: Congressional ReconstructionSection 2: Congressional Reconstruction

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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Radical RepublicansRadical Republicanswanted to create an entirely new South wanted to create an entirely new South wanted to give African Americans the right to wanted to give African Americans the right to

votevote

Section 2: Congressional ReconstructionSection 2: Congressional Reconstruction

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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Moderate RepublicansModerate Republicanswanted to restore southern states to the Unionwanted to restore southern states to the Unionwanted to keep former Confederates out of wanted to keep former Confederates out of

governmentgovernmentwanted to give African Americans some civil wanted to give African Americans some civil

equalityequality

Section 2: Congressional ReconstructionSection 2: Congressional Reconstruction

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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Radical and moderate RepublicansRadical and moderate Republicansjoined forces to protect African Americans from joined forces to protect African Americans from

violenceviolencepassed Civil Rights Act of 1866, over presidential passed Civil Rights Act of 1866, over presidential

vetovetoextended the Freedmen’s Bureau, over extended the Freedmen’s Bureau, over

presidential vetopresidential vetopassed the Fourteenth Amendmentpassed the Fourteenth Amendment

Section 2: Congressional ReconstructionSection 2: Congressional Reconstruction

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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Johnson’s impeachmentJohnson’s impeachmentgeneral dislike of Johnson’s lenient general dislike of Johnson’s lenient

Reconstruction policiesReconstruction policiesJohnson’s violation of the Tenure of Office ActJohnson’s violation of the Tenure of Office Actinappropriate speeches and actsinappropriate speeches and acts

Section 2: Congressional ReconstructionSection 2: Congressional Reconstruction

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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Johnson’s acquittalJohnson’s acquittalweak caseweak caseoverly critical attacksoverly critical attacksfear that impeachment would weaken future fear that impeachment would weaken future

presidents and the system of checks and balancespresidents and the system of checks and balances

Section 2: Congressional ReconstructionSection 2: Congressional Reconstruction

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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Election of 1868Election of 1868African American votes were crucial to getting African American votes were crucial to getting

Ulysses S. Grant elected president.Ulysses S. Grant elected president.Republicans passed the Fifteenth Amendment, Republicans passed the Fifteenth Amendment,

extending the vote to African American men.extending the vote to African American men.

Section 2: Congressional ReconstructionSection 2: Congressional Reconstruction

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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Objectives:Objectives:How did African Americans attempt to improve How did African Americans attempt to improve

their lives during the Reconstruction era?their lives during the Reconstruction era?What reforms did Republican governments enact?What reforms did Republican governments enact?How did some African Americans respond to How did some African Americans respond to

harassment by the Ku Klux Klan?harassment by the Ku Klux Klan?What caused Reconstruction to end?What caused Reconstruction to end?

Section 3: Reconstruction in the SouthSection 3: Reconstruction in the South

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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

African Americans improving their livesAfrican Americans improving their livesregistered to voteregistered to votejoined and formed political organizationsjoined and formed political organizationslobbied for political equalitylobbied for political equalitybuilt churches and schoolsbuilt churches and schoolsserved as delegates to state constitutional served as delegates to state constitutional

conventionsconventions

Section 3: Reconstruction in the SouthSection 3: Reconstruction in the South

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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Republican government reformsRepublican government reformscreation of new state constitutionscreation of new state constitutionsabolition of property qualifications for jurors and abolition of property qualifications for jurors and

candidatescandidatescreation of new servicescreation of new servicesestablishment of new roads and bridgesestablishment of new roads and bridges

Section 3: Reconstruction in the SouthSection 3: Reconstruction in the South

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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Responses to Ku Klux KlanResponses to Ku Klux Klanretaliation by burning barnsretaliation by burning barnslobbying for congressional protectionlobbying for congressional protection

Section 3: Reconstruction in the SouthSection 3: Reconstruction in the South

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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

End of ReconstructionEnd of Reconstructioneconomic problems such as the Panic of 1873economic problems such as the Panic of 1873immigrant tendency to use universal suffrage to immigrant tendency to use universal suffrage to

support Democratssupport Democratsdissolution of alliance between northern business dissolution of alliance between northern business

people and freed slavespeople and freed slavesincreasing white violence in the Southincreasing white violence in the SouthCompromise of 1877Compromise of 1877

Section 3: Reconstruction in the SouthSection 3: Reconstruction in the South

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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Objectives:Objectives: What were the drawbacks to the sharecropping system?What were the drawbacks to the sharecropping system? How did Jim Crow laws and the How did Jim Crow laws and the Plessy v. FergusonPlessy v. Ferguson

decision change life for southern African Americans?decision change life for southern African Americans? How did African Americans attempt to improve their How did African Americans attempt to improve their

economic situation after Reconstruction?economic situation after Reconstruction? How did Booker T. Washington and Ida B. Wells think How did Booker T. Washington and Ida B. Wells think

African Americans should respond to Jim Crow laws?African Americans should respond to Jim Crow laws?

Section 4: The New SouthSection 4: The New South

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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

The sharecropping systemThe sharecropping systemSharecroppers had no income until harvest time.Sharecroppers had no income until harvest time.System required farmers to rely on one crop only.System required farmers to rely on one crop only.System left farmers and the region dependent on System left farmers and the region dependent on

outsiders for their food supply.outsiders for their food supply.

Section 4: The New SouthSection 4: The New South

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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Jim Crow and Jim Crow and Plessy v. FergusonPlessy v. FergusonThe Jim Crow laws segregated African Americans, The Jim Crow laws segregated African Americans, and in and in Plessy v. FergusonPlessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled , the Supreme Court ruled that segregation was legal.that segregation was legal.

Section 4: The New SouthSection 4: The New South

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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

African American attempts to improve African American attempts to improve their livestheir livesformed societies and cooperativesformed societies and cooperativessupported churches and schoolssupported churches and schoolssupported businessmensupported businessmen

Section 4: The New SouthSection 4: The New South

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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Booker T. WashingtonBooker T. Washingtonwanted African Americans to achieve economic wanted African Americans to achieve economic

independenceindependencediscouraged African Americans from protesting discouraged African Americans from protesting

discriminationdiscrimination

Section 4: The New SouthSection 4: The New South

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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Ida B. WellsIda B. Wellsurged African Americans to protest discriminationurged African Americans to protest discriminationwanted African Americans to leave the Southwanted African Americans to leave the South

Section 4: The New SouthSection 4: The New South