home automation of lpg gas leakage in smart city (hall)

e-ISSN: 2582-5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )

Volume:03/Issue:08/August-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

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HOME AUTOMATION OF LPG GAS LEAKAGE IN SMART CITY (HALL)

Alween Wilson Chall*1, Kanak Sonowal*2, Manash Jyoti Dihingia*3,

Yumit Kumar*4, Prof. Ratan Kumar Saha*5 *1,2,3,4Student, Int. Msc In Information Technology, School Of Computing Science,

Kaziranga University, India.

*5Guide, Professor And Associate Dean Of School Of Computing Science,

Kaziranga University, India.

ABSTRACT

The accidents due to gas leakage has become a serious problem in our country's daily activities. Nowadays the

world is evolving with technology. The accident occurred Due to LPG leakage can prevent with the help of

technology. It is arranged to monitor LPG using Arduino UNO with MQ135 sensors. On the basis of the sensors

information, the microcontroller makes a decision and then displays a warning message on the display and one

text message will be sent to the user through GSM. The Arduino gives a suitable platform to implement a system

to meet the requirements easily. We also developed a prototype and published it on International Research

Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science. The paper was named as IoT based Real Time

Monitoring System of LPG Pipeline Leakage in Smart City.

I. INTRODUCTION Now–a-days, security systems for distribution and retailing of petroleum products LPG, through pipelines are

extremely required in smart cities. The pipeline is the efficient mode of transportations of fuels and LPG from

processing plants to domestic uses over long distances. At present Automation is achieved by using PLC’s that

are communicated through SCADA. But it is complex and remote operation which is not always possible. With

the introduction of IoT, the system is improved through real-time monitoring of the pipelines. Our proposed

system is designed to detect gas leakage that occurs within the pipeline. The implementation of IoT based

security system for real time monitoring of LPG Pipeline leakage in Smart City is necessary to prevent accidents

and to make quick decisions based on real-time information.

Source: Internet

Solution:

To prevent this type accident, there is a need of gas detectors. The general indication is the smell of the LPG gas

when its leaking, but combustion may take place in case of negligence before we can smell the gas. There should

be a robust system which will cost less and help stakeholders to prevent these accidents.

Proposed System:





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If the gas leak occurs the system will send an equivalent message is conveyed by the means of an LCD screen

and a buzzer and with the support of the GSM module it have the ability to broadcast messages to the

stakeholders about the LPG outflow.

This device is at its final level of development and with modification in future this device will be capable of

doing much better performing device in case of safety. This proposed device can be used in not only at

residential homes, also it is applicable for hotels, restaurants and in industries where LPG is utilize or operate.

Objectives:

To design and develop a LPG leakage monitoring system with fire alert using Arduino.

To show the leakage or fire detect on LCD and send an alarm notification to predefine mobile number.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW To bridle the problem of LPG leakage, several designs of LPG detection and alert system have been proposed in

the literature. Designed kitchen gas leakage detection and automatic gas shut off system. Another system

presented the cylinder LPG gas leakage detection system. Wireless and GSM technology have also been

proposed. This paper presents a home automation of LPG gas Leakage in smart city to avoid fire accidents and

to provide house safety also can be used industries.

III. METHODOLOGY

Our main goal of our forecast is to ensure the LPG outflow and provide an information in real time, as well as a

SMS to the set out mobile number. Once we are integrated with the various functions of architecture and GPS

system, it is time to design the hardware and develop our concept.

3.1. Description of Methodology

In this forecast we are follow the following workflow for whole project work. It is divided into 6 steps.

Plan Chart:

Fig: 3.1

3.2 System Requirements.

The forecast required an Arduino NANO, GSM module NANO, Buzzer, LCD Display, Where GSM module send the

SMS and the Arduino will control the signal while the information received from the GSM.

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

We have used the following hardware and software for our system:

1. Arduino Nano microcontroller - The Arduino Nano is a small, compatible and breadboard friendly

Microcontroller board, developed by Arduino.cc. It is equipped with digital and match input/output pins

that can interfaced to various boards and other circuits.





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2. MQ135 gas sensor – It is an air quality sensor, suitable for sensing the air quality around having a wide

range. Though not the gas sensor proposed for LPG gas detection but with a given threshold we can not only

detect LPG but many other gases including alcohol.

3. GSM module - It stands for global system for mobile communication, It is an open and digital cellular

technology used for transmitting voice and data services. We used GSM 900A mini for our system.

4. Buzzer – The buzzer is used for noise alert.

5. 16x2 LCD display – Displays alert message.

6. Transistor- It’s a device used to amplify or switch electronic signals. We are using BC547B Transistor

which is an NPN. The BC547B Collector is connected to the positive (+ve) supply via the load.

7. Fire sensor- The Flame Sensor Module is used to detect an open flame by detecting light that is in the

infrared spectrum as produced by an open flame. We are using an IR infrared flame sensor module.

8. 1N4007 diode- It is a rectifier diode, designed specifically for circuits that need to convert alternating

current to direct current.

9. 1N5408 diode- 1N5408 Diode have a maximum current carrying capacity of 3A it withstands peak up to

200A.

SOFTWARE REQIUREMENTS:

1. Arduino IDE 1.8.13 – It is an open-source Arduino software makes it easy to write code and upload it to the

board.

3.3 Data Flow Diagram

Fig: 3.2

The power supply is passed on to the implanted adapter from connections goes directly to the exhaust fan and

bulb controlled by a relay module, to the charging circuit board and DC to DC. Initially, the microcontroller

sends signal to GSM module and if the GSM module sends an acceptance signal to the microcontroller. If there is

a gas leakage taken place and it is detected by the gas sensor unit using MQ-135sensor. After the sensor detects

the gas outflow, a signal is sent to ADC unit of the microcontroller then sends activation signal to other devices

connected to it such as buzzer, GSM module, exhaust fan and light connected to the relay, LED and LCD display.

The MQ-135 can also detect other gases through its wide range. Our system is also installed with IR Infrared

flame sensor module in case of combustion.





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3.4 Circuit Diagram

System circuit diagram:

Fig:3.3

Charging circuit diagram:

Fig: 3.4

• Power supply directly comes to the AC adapter and is passed to two other hardware.

• The charging circuit is connected directly from the AC adapter. As the circuit diagram given (Fig:1.5):

• Positive and Negative side of the adapter is attached to a Variable Resistance with a resistor (R1) of 10k.

This Variable Resistance (VR) is a voltage divider that can be adjusted. We have used a Preset

Potentiometer.

• The third terminal of the potentiometer (VR) is connected to another resistor (R2), and is attach to the

capacitor (C1).

• The capacitor is again connected to a transistor.

• We are using BC547B Transistor which is a NPN and is affix to the positive (+ve) supply.

• On the collector side of the transistor the relay is connected to a diode (D1- 1N4007).





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• The positive side of red LED (D2) and green LED (D3) is connected with the relay, and its negative side is

connected with a resistor of 1k (R3).

• The ground is connected directly to the negative side of the battery, whereas the positive side is connected

with a diode (1N5408).

The function of this circuit is to charge the re-chargeable battery. When the main current flow is on it will either

charge switching green LED on, that means the volt didn’t exceed more than 8 volt that was set on

potentiometer; or it will stop charging due to full charged battery switching to red LED on, which means the

voltage exceeded than that of the set voltage in potentiometer and the relay will stop the current motion.

• DC to DC is also powered by the adapter directly, which converts 8 volt IN to 5 volt OUT, and the system is

runs through it giving them power supply.

• MQ135 sensor is used to sense the gas, It is connected to VCC,GND and AO powered by DC to DC and A0 of

the Arduino board. Whenever there is a leakage, this electro-chemical sensor changes its resistance and

sends its output to the micro-controller.

• DO/Digital Output of IR infrared flame sensor is connected with D2 of digital pin. And VCC and GND of the

flam sensor is powered through DC to DC.

• Bit by bit process helps the Arduino to communicate and receive the outputs of the sensors.

• The buzzer is attached to the Arduino board where the positive pin is join to one of the digital pins (pin

5)and the negative pin is associate to ground(GND) of DC to DC. This buzzer continuously buzzes until and

unless the leakage stops.

• The relay module of exhaust fan and light is also connected to digital pin 5 of Arduino nano, which controls

them both.

• GSM module TX(1), RX(0) is connected with TX1 and RX0 of Arduino NANO. VCC and GND is powered by DC

to DC. It is pre-owned to send a direct message to the specified number stored in the Arduino board.

3.5 Flowchart

Fig: 3.5





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This figure shows the flowchart, defining how system functions when threshold value is lesser or greater than

the sensor value. Our given threshold value is ‘250’.

3.6 Working Principles

Assembled connection:

Fig: 3.6

Arduino will be active with 5-volt power supply from DC to DC. The system is also powered by rechargeable

battery of 6000mAh, so that in case of power cut, the machine keeps on working. The gas sensor will detect gas

leakage once the system is launched, if there is no gas outflow, it will display [Gas Leaking: “value”] on the

display and the green LED will be ON. If the gas is leaked, the following three steps will follow:

Step 1: Signal from the microcontroller will send to the display and show gas leakage value.

Step 2: The Buzzer will be activated, exhaust fan will be turned on and light bulb switched will be off, only when

the first step is completed. The red LED will be switched on too.

Step 3: Lastly, through GSM, there will be a signal message that the gas has been leaked to a specific number or

multiple.

IV. RESULT

Normal condition:

Fig: 4.1

In this figure, the system is shown where it shows normal signs and no gas leakage. The bulb is on, here the

bottom green LED is on which signifies the battery is charging.





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Gas leakage detected:

Fig: 4.2

In this figure gas leakage is sensed and the bulb is switched off where the exhaust fan starts working. The LCD

displays ‘Gas Leaking: 744[sensor value]’. The upper left red LED is switched on which signifies gas leakage.

Message sent by the GSM module:

Fig: 4.3

It shows the message sent to the specified mobile number stored in Arduino nano. It shows the gas level.

Condition is true. Mobile number and the alert message.





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Fire Sensed:

Fig: 4.4

In this figure flame is sensed by the IR infrared flame sensor module. The upper red LED switches on and

displays ‘FIRE- DETECT’ in LCD.

Battery powered:

Fig: 4.5





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In this figure it is connected with a 6000mAh battery. Switch board switch is off, together with the bulb and the

exhaust fan will not work, as it is connected directly from the adapter connected with a relay module.

The outcome of our proposed forecast got properly executed and is in working state. There was no lag and

error at the final product.

V. FURTHER DEVELOPMENT

In future this product would be of pocket size, and would be capable of using it anywhere with modes of

sensing air with a proper display unit. In future it may also be connected with a smart phone application or a

web page.

VI. LIMITATION

There is no code that is designated to show a hardware or a system failure. There may be a need of changing

battery whenever necessary.

VII. CONCLUSION

Its capacity to alert the collaborator about the gas outflow, and it also have the future aspect of perception with

the GSM and the travelling circuit which increasing the regulation of the approach and supplying more

protection to the end user. It is also a low cost product, An additional superiority of the approach is that it can

work remotely where there is no one at the store where the gas outflow taken place. This benefit can

underneath the strength of mishap occurrence due to gas outflow.

VIII. REFERENCES [1] Soh, Zainal HC, et al. "Home And Industrial Safety Iot On Lpg Gas Leakage Detection And Alert

System." Int. J. Advance Soft Compu. Appl 11.1 (2019).

[2] Shinde, Sagar, S. B. Patil, and A. J. Patil. "Development of movable gas tanker leakage detection using

wireless sensor network based on embedded system." International Journal of Engineering Research

and Application (IJTERA) 2.6 (2012): 1180-1183.

[3] Katole, K. R., et al. "Hazardous Gas Detection using ARDUINO." International Journal of Science

Technology & Engineering 2.10 (2016).

[4] Adekitan, Aderibigbe I., Victor O. Matthews, and Olayinka Olasunkanmi. "A microcontroller based gas

leakage detection and evacuation system." (2018).

[5] Shrivastava, Ashish, et al. "GSM based gas leakage detection system." International Journal of Emerging

Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE-ISSN: 2320-9569) 3.2 (2013)

[6] Ransing, Rasika S., and Manita Rajput. "Smart home for elderly care, based on Wireless Sensor

Network." 2015 International Conference on Nascent Technologies in the Engineering Field (ICNTE).

IEEE, 2015.

[7] Salameh, Haythem Bany, Mohammad Dhainat, and Elhadj Benkhelifa. "ASurvey ON WIRELESS SENSOR

NETWORK-BASED IOT DESIGNS FOR GAS LEAKAGE DETECTION AND FIRE-FIGHTING

APPLICATIONS." Jordanian Journal of Computers and Information Technology (JJCIT) 5.02 (2019).

home automation of lpg gas leakage in smart city (hall)

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