PROJECT PRESENTATION ON WIRELESS LPG

LEAKAGE DETECTORBY

ASIGRI PETER - 5884411BRONI GEOFFREY OKYERE - 5885911

ASANTE MICHAEL - 5884211SUPERVISED BY MR. E. K. ANTO

INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND• Leakage of LPG can be dangerous as it raises the risk of

building fire, suffocation or an explosion. • For every 20L volume of air, 2% to 10% of LPG in air is

enough to cause an explosion. [1]• The Chiba Oil Refinery fire incident in japan on 11th

March, 2011 which caused six injuries and destroyed all 17 LPG tanks comes to mind. [2]• In such a case, a gas leakage detector becomes vital

and helps to protect people from the dangers of gas leakage.• Thus, our project is aimed at designing and building a

wireless LPG leakage detector.

INTRODUCTION CONT’D

The primary objectives of this project are to:• Review existing designs of gas leakage detector with emphasis on the wireless type.• Provide literature on gas sensors.• Provide literature on the building blocks of the detection and transmission, and receiving modules of a typical wireless gas leakage detector.•Design, build and test one for LPG.

REVIEW ON EXISTING DESIGNSReview 1: Project done by R. Sreenidhi[3]

• MQ6 was used to sense LPG

• ADC was used to convert analogue signals to digital

Fig. 1. Block diagram of an automated LPG gas leakage detector and control

REVIEW ON EXISTING DESIGNS CONT’D

Review 2: work conducted by V. Ramya and B. Palaniappan [4]

NNNNN

• Two sensors were used but one could have sufficed• A UART was used to enhance Receiving and

Transmission of signals• PIC microcontroller was used to coordinate

operationsFig. 2. Block diagram on embedded system for hazardous gas

detection and alerting

 

REVIEW ON EXISTING DESIGNS CONT’D

Review 3:Work done by Sunithaa jet al[5]

• A load cell was added to take varying values and converts them to a variable voltage or output current

Fig.4 LPG leakage monitoring system 

REVIEW ON EXISTING DESIGNS CONT’D

Review 4: Work done by S. Rajitha et al [6]

• An LPC microcontroller was used and an LCD display was used.

Fig. 6 Microcontroller controlled LPG leakage detector using LPC2148

THEORY DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

MICROCONTROLLER

• The AT MEGA 128 is an 8 bit microcontroller. AT MEGA 128 was chosen because of its low cost, low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bitmicrocontroller of Atmel’s MEGA AVR family with 16K bytes of flash programmable and erasable read only memory (EPROM) [7]. The microcontroller (AT MEGA 128) works on 5V DC supplied to it from an external DC source. It comes with an internally built ADC which converts analogue signals to digital

SENSING CIRCUIT (MQ5)

•The sensing circuit consists of an MQ5 sensor which senses LPG leakage of the order 200ppm to 1000ppm (capable of causing explosions) and is connected to the microcontroller to be supplied with 5V DC. MQ 5 gas sensor was chosen over other MQ S because it is suitable for detecting LPG and natural gas [8]

GSM TRANSMISSION CIRCUIT

• This circuit is made up of the GSM SIM 300 MODEM and powered by 12 dc fed from a rectifier. This GSM modem can accept any GSM network operator SIM card and act just like a mobile phone with its own unique phone number. Applications like SMS control, data transfer, remote control and logging can be developed easily [9]. The GSM which sends the text message “gas leakage detected” to responsible parties this GSM module was employed over other sims due to the following reasons:• It is versatile and can accept any GSM network operator SIM card

GSM TRANSMISSION CIRCUIT

• It has a greater flexibility in its usage• It comes with an added antenna for better reception and propagation of signals • It has a low cost

POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT•This circuit is made up of one 9V dc battery which supply power to the microcontroller and a 12 volt dc voltage supplied from a rectifier. The 9V is stepped down for the use of the microcontroller which in turn supplies the sensor, the fan and the buzzer.

THREAT AWARENESS AND MITIGATION CIRCUIT

•This consist of the buzzer, the LED and the fan.

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM

HOW THE SYSTEM WORKS•When gas leakage of a detectable quantity of 200ppm to 1000ppm capable of causing explosion which corresponds to 10KΩ to 47KΩ (20 KΩ is ideal) is sensed by the MQ 5 sensor (which is capable of detecting natural gas in addition to LPG), an analogue signal is sent to the microcontroller from the sensor. An in-built ADC in the microcontroller converts the analogue gas signals into digital signals. For a detectable gas leakage quantity, a digital high (1) is transmitted while a digital low (0) is transmitted for a non-detectable quantity. • The equation C=21.62R-16.22 relates LPG concentration (C) with resistance (R)

HOW THE SYSTEM WORKS CONT’D

•This quantized high signal turns on a buzzer to alert neighbours of possible danger so they can react to diffuse the situation. The signal also turns on an LED to show danger. An automatically pre-programmed message is then sent to concerned parties via the GSM module to inform them about the situation at home.

IMPLEMENTATION ARDUINO CODE

PROTEUS CONNECTION

RESULTSPROTEUS SIMULATION

GAS LEAKAGE DETECTION CIRCUIT

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION In conclusion;• A review of existing designs of gas leakage detector with emphasis on the wireless type has been done .• A provision of a literature on gas sensor has been given.• A provision of a literature on the building blocks of the detection and transmission, and receiving modules of a typical wireless gas leakage detector.• A test of LPG leakage has been conducted for the build system.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION• To make this project more comprehensive, the following could be addressed in further works pertaining to this project

To make the reduction of concentration of the LPG more efficient, an extractor should be used in place of the fan because it would then take the leaked gas out of the room thus reduce the concentration of the gas.

A valve should be placed at the nozzle of the cylinder to stop any further leakage.

REFERENCES• [1] Haduch, B. "Praca w laboratorium badawczym a strefy zagrożenia wybuchem. Część

I. Laboratorium badawcze LPG." Nafta-gaz 67 (2011): 581-587.• [2] www.cosmo-oil.co.jp/ng/press/110802/• [3] R. Sreenidhi, International Conference On Technological Advances In Electrical,

Electronics Engineering, 8th September, 2013, Chennai, ISBN: 978-93-83060-13-9• [4] V. Ramya, B. Palaniappan, “Embedded System For Hazardous Gas Detection And

Alerting” International Journal Of Distributed And Parallel Systems (IJDPS) Vol.3, No.3, May 2012

• [5] Sunithaa. J, Sushmitha. D, “Embedded Control System For LPG Leakage Detection And Prevention” International Conference On Computing And Control Engineering (ICCCE 2012), 12 & 13 April, 2012

• [6] S. Rajitha, T. Swapna, “Security Alert System Using GSM For Gas Leakage” International Journal Of VLSI And Embedded Systems- IJVES

• [7] Http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/question537.Html• [8] Http://WWW.extremeelectronics.co.Uk• [9] Http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/gas_sensor

THANK YOU