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Homework & classwork today Homework for Today: Summarized notes. Re-read pages 957 961, deals with cholesterol & pages 963-965 (The Respiratory System) Show me your notes from both now. Due Thursday Read finish reading 963- 968 Quiz on Friday (May 16 th ) on all material covered.

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Circulatory System & Disease What are the three types of circulatory diseases: 1. Heart Disease (clogging of the arteries) 2. Stroke 3. High Blood pressure

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Review Arthrosclerosis is caused by the build up of plaque (fat / cholesterol) on the artery walls. Chest pain called Angina is a sign of restricted blood flow and if left untreated can lead to a heart attack and / or tissue death of the heart muscle known as heart failure. It can damage the SA and AV nodes which will interrupt the coordination of the Atrium / Ventricle contractions.

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Stroke Stroke It is the sudden onset of brain death (lack of O2 in the brain) due to a disruption of blood (O2 rich blood).

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Circulatory System & Disease Signs & symptoms of a Stroke: Numbness on one side of the body Facial dropping Weakness on one side of the body Inability to speak, smile, move the tongue side to side The stroke can lead to paralysis inability to move one side of ones body. High Blood pressure Higher than 90 for the diastolic (that number differs). So 144 / 96 would be considered high Blood Pressure.

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Circulatory System & Disease Typically caused by people eating a high cholesterol diet (fast food for example). It can also be a genetic thing. Heart disease runs in families as well as in certain ethnic groups and regions of the country. For example: Heart disease is more common in the South than in Colorado. What is cholesterol? It is a lipid (a water soluble fat) from animal cell membrane. It is transported in the blood two ways

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Cholesterol Typically caused by people eating a high cholesterol diet First type of transport: 1. Low-density lipoprotein this typically carries the type of cholesterol that sticks to the walls of the arteries. Which is why it is called the Bad Cholesterol 2. High-density lipoprotein often called the Good Cholesterol because it carries excess cholesterol from arteries and tissues to the liver. The processes and removes. LDL receptors scientist discovered that on the liver there are receptors that binds LDL and is brought to cells. Inside the cell the cholesterol is broken down and stored for later use or for making more cholesterol and / or bile (which breaks down food).

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Cholesterol When cholesterol levels are high, the liver takes it from the blood rather than make its own. When low, the liver produces its own cholesterol. Through bad genetics some people produce defective LDL receptors. First issue if not working then the liver cannot remove cholesterol. The greater issue is that the liver does not get the message to stop producing cholesterol so there is an excess. This second problem is that belly-flop commercial.

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Connecting the heart & lungs The entry way to the respiratory system is the mouth & nose. The entire system consists of: Nose Mouth Pharynx (back of the throat) Trachea (the thing in the movies that people are always so eager to cut into to save someones life if they are choking). Sometimes called the wind-pipe. Bronchi (grape shaped objects that exchange oxygen & carbon dioxide inside the lungs) The lungs

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Connecting the heart & lungs The nose and the mouth allow air to flow into the body but they also act as a filter to remove particles from entering the lungs. The pharynx is the area that connects the nasal cavity and the oral cavity. The trachea is the rigid tube between the pharynx and the lungs. The larynx aka the vocal cords. They are contained between the pharynx & the trachea. They create sound by vibrating and moving closer together. To keep food from going into the lungs, there is a flap called the Epiglottis. It allows air into the lungs and food to pass by the lungs and go to the digestive system.

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The Lungs The lungs are made of five lobes. The tubes splitting the lungs are called the bronchi. When someone gets bronchitis, what is happening? The bronchi are irritated and inflamed. Remember itis means swelling of. They get inflamed and filled with fluid and if left untreated can lead to pneumonia. Within these the bronchi are grape like structures called alveoli. These are where the O 2 / CO 2 exchange actually occur.

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The gas exchange O2 binds with the hemoglobin and then transports the O2 from alveoli to the capillaries. The CO2 diffuses in three different ways: 1. Most enters the red blood cells and combines with water to form carbonic acid (which is waste product). 2. Others bind with plasma 3. The rest will bind with hemoglobin & proteins Once in the lungs (Alveoli) the process is reversed.

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Inhalation & exhalation Surrounding the lungs are thin sacs almost like balloons. Below the lungs is a muscle called the diaphragm. The diaphragm helps to push air out as well as acting like a vacuum to pull air in. For example when someone is choking they try to expel the foreign object with the Heimlich maneuver.