U.S. HistoryU.S. HistoryMr. WeberMr. Weber

Room 217Room 217

Activator Activator

• Your homework for today was to read the Your homework for today was to read the Declaration of Independence. Declaration of Independence.

• Questions:Questions:• 1. Was this homework easy or difficult?1. Was this homework easy or difficult?• 2. About how long did it take you?2. About how long did it take you?• 3. What was the most important thing you 3. What was the most important thing you

learned? learned?

AgendaAgenda

• Activator, agenda, and objective (10 minutes)Activator, agenda, and objective (10 minutes)

• Essential Question Essential Question

• Enlightenment ReviewEnlightenment Review

• Declaration of Independence BackgroundDeclaration of Independence Background

• Declaration of Independence Connections to Declaration of Independence Connections to Enlightenment ThoughtEnlightenment Thought

• Enlightenment Quiz ShowEnlightenment Quiz Show

• Exit ticket and homework Exit ticket and homework

ObjectivesObjectives

• Students will…Students will…• 11.1.111.1.1 Describe the Enlightenment and the rise of Describe the Enlightenment and the rise of

democratic ideas as the context in which the democratic ideas as the context in which the nation was founded. nation was founded.

• 11.1 Analyze the significant events surrounding 11.1 Analyze the significant events surrounding the founding of the nation and its attempts to the founding of the nation and its attempts to realize the philosophy of government described in realize the philosophy of government described in the Declaration of Independence..the Declaration of Independence..

Essential Question Essential Question

In what ways were the ideals of the In what ways were the ideals of the Declaration, Revolution, and Constitution Declaration, Revolution, and Constitution contradicted by the realities of life in early contradicted by the realities of life in early America (especially for African Americans, America (especially for African Americans, women, poor people, and immigrants)?women, poor people, and immigrants)?

Enlightenment ReviewEnlightenment Review

- Renaissance in Europe - Pursuit of learning, art in Italy.Renaissance in Europe - Pursuit of learning, art in Italy.

- The Printing Press (Johann Gutenberg, 1455).The Printing Press (Johann Gutenberg, 1455).

- Reformation (Martin Luther in Germany, 1517): Reformation (Martin Luther in Germany, 1517): Protestants (protested church authority).Protestants (protested church authority).

- Scientific Revolution – Individual human agency Scientific Revolution – Individual human agency (humanism).(humanism).

- European political theorists: Questioning authority, European political theorists: Questioning authority, divine right of kings.divine right of kings.- Locke: individual’s right to life, liberty, property.Locke: individual’s right to life, liberty, property.- Rousseau: consent of the governedRousseau: consent of the governed- Montesquieu: three branches, checks and balancesMontesquieu: three branches, checks and balances

Declaration of Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

• Background: Background: • British Colonial TaxesBritish Colonial Taxes• Boston Massacre (1770)Boston Massacre (1770)• Boston Tea Party (1773)Boston Tea Party (1773)• The Coercive or Intolerable Acts (1774)The Coercive or Intolerable Acts (1774)• First Continental Congress (1774)First Continental Congress (1774)• Shot Heard Round the World (Lexington and Shot Heard Round the World (Lexington and

Concord, 1775)Concord, 1775)• Thomas Paine: Common SenseThomas Paine: Common Sense• Declaration of Independence (1776) Declaration of Independence (1776)

Boston Massacre and Boston Tea Boston Massacre and Boston Tea PartyParty

First Continental First Continental Congress (1774)Congress (1774)

55 delegates from 12 55 delegates from 12 coloniescolonies

AgendaAgenda How to How to respond to the respond to the Coercive Acts & the Coercive Acts & the Quebec Act?Quebec Act?

1 vote per colony 1 vote per colony represented.represented.

The Shot Heard Round the WorldThe Shot Heard Round the World

LexingtonLexington & & ConcordConcord – April 18,1775 – April 18,1775

The Declaration of The Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

Signers of the Declaration by Signers of the Declaration by ColonyColony

Making ConnectionsMaking Connections

• Read the first sections of the Declaration.Read the first sections of the Declaration.

• Underline phrases that you think were Underline phrases that you think were explicitly influenced by the Enlightenment explicitly influenced by the Enlightenment thinkers.thinkers.

• Write at least ¾ of a page explaining which Write at least ¾ of a page explaining which ideas of Locke’s Jefferson used (individual ideas of Locke’s Jefferson used (individual rights and right to revolution) using specific rights and right to revolution) using specific supporting evidence from the text. supporting evidence from the text.

Quiz ShowQuiz Show

• Answer the following quiz questions in Answer the following quiz questions in groups.groups.

• Each member of the group writes down their Each member of the group writes down their answer. answer.

• First group to raise their hand gets called.First group to raise their hand gets called.

• If they get in wrong, it goes to the group who If they get in wrong, it goes to the group who raised their hands second. raised their hands second.

• Everyone writes the question and then the Everyone writes the question and then the correct answer in their note books. correct answer in their note books.

QuizQuiz Questions 1-2Questions 1-2

• 1. The Enlightenment is 1. The Enlightenment is known as the age ofknown as the age of

• A) Optimism and A) Optimism and progress.progress.

• B) Skepticism and B) Skepticism and progress.progress.

• C) Natural law and C) Natural law and regression.regression.

• D) Natural law and D) Natural law and skepticism.skepticism.

• 2. The English 2. The English philosopher John Locke's philosopher John Locke's Essay Concerning Essay Concerning Human UnderstandingHuman Understanding (1690) led many to (1690) led many to embraceembrace

• A). Deism.A). Deism.

• B) “Rational" religion.B) “Rational" religion.

• C) Religious C) Religious fanaticism.fanaticism.

• D) The religious D) The religious revivals of the Great revivals of the Great Awakening. Awakening.

Quiz Questions 3-4Quiz Questions 3-4

• 3. Enlightenment Deists--3. Enlightenment Deists--including Franklin and including Franklin and Jefferson--believed that Jefferson--believed that GodGod

• A) Miraculously A) Miraculously intervened in the intervened in the working of the working of the universe.universe.

• B) Left the universe to B) Left the universe to operate according to operate according to natural law.natural law.

• C) Persecuted fanatics C) Persecuted fanatics and "enthusiasts".and "enthusiasts".

• D) Gave direct D) Gave direct mandates and visions mandates and visions to Christians. to Christians.

• 4. The belief held by 4. The belief held by Enlightenment Enlightenment philosophers, philosophers, advocating a social advocating a social contract, currently contract, currently found in the United found in the United States Constitution isStates Constitution is

• A) Judicial review.A) Judicial review.• B) Checks and B) Checks and

balances.balances.• C) Sovereignty of the C) Sovereignty of the

people.people.• D) Separation of D) Separation of

powers. powers.

Bonus Round: CST Released Bonus Round: CST Released QuestionsQuestions

• 5. What effect did the 5. What effect did the Enlightenment have on Enlightenment have on political thought in the political thought in the colonies?colonies?

• A) Colonial Leaders A) Colonial Leaders

began extending voting began extending voting rights to all citizens.rights to all citizens.

• B) The 1B) The 1stst Continental Continental Congress determined a Congress determined a need for the bill of need for the bill of rights.rights.

• C) Colonial Leaders C) Colonial Leaders began advocating for a began advocating for a state-supported church.state-supported church.

• D) Colonists began to D) Colonists began to question the authority question the authority of the British monarchy.of the British monarchy.

• 6. The Declaration of 6. The Declaration of Independence Independence elaborates on the elaborates on the Enlightenment ideals of Enlightenment ideals of

• A) Natural rights.A) Natural rights.• B) Collective B) Collective

Ownership.Ownership.• C) Religious C) Religious

freedom.freedom.• D) Political Equality.D) Political Equality.

Exit ticket and Exit ticket and homeworkhomework

• Exit ticket:Exit ticket:• Have the principles of the Declaration of Have the principles of the Declaration of

Independence – “All human beings were created Independence – “All human beings were created equal,” “right to revolution if government fails,” equal,” “right to revolution if government fails,” – been made true? – been made true?

• HomeworkHomework• Everyone: research the U.S. Constitution. What Everyone: research the U.S. Constitution. What

is it? What does it do? Why is it important?is it? What does it do? Why is it important?• Advanced: Also research a modern Advanced: Also research a modern

constitutional issue. constitutional issue.