Organic CompoundsEnzymes and

Digestion

Carbonyl

Hydroxyl

Carboxyl

Amino

Phosphate

Methyl

Sulfhydryl

Hemoglobin JMOL

Monomers and Polymers

Cooperative Binding

Carbonic Anhydrase

• 104 to 106 reactions per second.

Hemoglobin JMOL

http://www.umass.edu/molvis/tutorials/hemoglobin/index.htm

Functions of Proteins

When in doubt…..proteins

Storage

Structural

Transport

Hormonal

Receptor

Contractile & Motor

Defensive

Enzymes

Restriction Enzyme

Enzymes

http://www.umass.edu/microbio/chime/pe_beta/pe/protexpl/animgif.htm

Enzyme Simulation

• How is the velocity of an enzyme reaction effected by:– pH– Temperature– Substrate Concentration

Initial Velocity (V0 or VI)

Initial Velocity (V0 or VI)

Vmax

Enzymatic Pathway

Starch

Glucose

Starch

Monomers vs. polymers

LACTASE: LCT (Single Mutation)

AMYLASE:AMY Gene (multiple copies)

Animal Digestion

Intracellular Digestion

Extracelluar Digestion

Gastric ulcer vs. no ulcer

2 types of enzymes: Lumen and Brush Boarder

Lipase

Atherosclerosis

http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/disease/animations.html

Fats – inhibit Peristalsis and acid secretion

Amino acids/Fatty Acids – enzymes from pancreas and bile

Release of Sodium Bicarbonate