Chapter 21Fungi

Honors Biology

Spring 2009

Kingdom Fungi

• Eukaryotic

• Heterotrophic- external digestion/absorption– Saprobe- obtain food from decaying matter

• Cell walls- chitin

• Mostly multicellular

Structure of Fungi

• Hyphae- tiny filaments

• Mycelium- many hyphae together; makes “body”

• Fruiting body-

reproductive

structure

Mycelium

Fruiting body

Hyphae

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Fungi Reproduction

• Asexual-– Hyphae breaks– Haploid spores

• Sexual-– Gametangium- structure that forms gametes

Classification of Fungi

• Zygomycota• Common molds

• Example- black bread mold

Classification of Fungi

• Ascomycota• Sac fungi

• Includes yeasts and some mushrooms

Classification of Fungi

• Basidiomycota• Club fungi

• Most mushrooms

Classification of Fungi

• Deuteromycota• Imperfect fungi (lack

sexual reproduction)

• Includes Penicillium

Anatomy of a Mushroom

• Mushroom Dissection Lab

• Objective: To be able to identify the main components of a mushroom– Pileus (cap)– Scales– Lamellae (gills), – Stipe (stem or stalk)– Annulus (ring)

Fungi Ecology

• Helped plants colonize land– Recycle nutrients and stabilize soil

• Decomposers

• Symbiotic relationships

• Parasites and diseases

Symbiotic Relationships

• Lichens • Mycorrhizae

Common Fungal Diseases

• Mycosis- general term describing fungal infections– Superficial– Cutaneous– Subcutaneous– Systemic

Ringworm

• Increased fungal growth– warm, moist environment

• Scaling, flaking, itching, “ring” pattern

• Occur on body, legs, arms, feet, scalp…

Athlete’s foot

• Increased fungal growth– warm, moist environment

• Scaling, flaking, itching

• Antifungal cream

Yeast Infection

• Overgrowth of yeast• Redness, itching,

soreness, white discharge

• Occur in mouth, throat, genitals

• Oral antifungal medication and probiotics