Characteristics of FungiKingdom FungiCharacteristics • Heterotrophic – obtain energy by decomposing organic material•Structures are made of the same type of filamentous cell•Cell walls contain chitin •Go through nuclear mitosis – nucleus divides with no cytokinesis

Characteristics of FungiStructures

•Their bodies are made up of slender woven filaments called hyphae.

•Hyphae form mycelium, a tangled mass that make up the fungi structures.

Characteristics of FungiNutrients

•Fungi are decomposers.

•They obtain energy by secreting digestive enzymes and absorbing the decomposed nutrients into their cells.

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Characteristics of FungiReproduction•Most fungi reproduce by releasing spores that are produced asexually or sexually.

•Spores are haploid, and fuse together to make the diploid stage of the life cycle

•Spores are small and light to stay suspended in air.

Fungal DiversityZygomycetes•Common Name: Thread Fungi•Structure: Stolons grow along surface; rhizoids anchor to food source•Reproduction: tough zygosporangia produce spores•Examples: bread mold; soil fungi

(Label diagram on notes)

Fungal DiversityAscomycetes•Common Name: Sac Fungi Structure: Spore sacs called asciReproduction: sexual with spores or

asexual by budding (yeast)Examples: Baker’s yeast, cup fungi, morel mushrooms

Fungal DiversityBasidiomycetes

•Common Name: Club Fungi•Structure: Club-shaped basidia line gills•Reproduction: Sexual; spores form on basidia•Examples: Mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi

Fungal DiversityDeuteromycota•Common Name: Imperfect Fungi•Structure: Many types•Reproduction: Asexual by spores and budding•Examples: Penicillium, infectious yeast

Fungal PartnershipsSymbiotic RelationshipsMycorrhizae •Mycorrhizae are a symbiotic relationship with plants•Fungus transfers minerals to a plant’s roots•Roots supply carbohydrates to the fungus.

Fungal PartnershipsSymbiotic RelationshipsLichens •Symbiotic relationship between fungus and photosynthetic algae or protist•Fungus protects the photosynthetic partner and provides minerals. •The photosynthetic partner provides carbohydrates.