HORNWORTS(Anthocerotae)

~ 6 Genera, ~ 350 SpeciesAnthoceros

Megaceros

Dendroceros Notothylas

Phaeoceros

Life Stages

Gametophyte: Chloroplasts

Gametophyte: Thallus Anatomy

Gametophye: Anchoring and Water Uptake

Gametophye: Mucilage Cavities and Ventral Pores

Fig. 19-3 in Schofield 1985

Gametophyte : Symbionts I

Gametophyte: Symbionts II

Gametophyte: Male Gametangia

Gametophyte: Male Gametangia

Fig. 19-5 in Schofield 2001

Gametophyte: Female Gametangia

Female Gametangia

Sporophyte: Early Development

Fig. 19-6 in Schofield 1985

Sporophyte

Sporophyte: Growth

Sporophyte

Sporophyte: Stoma

Fig. 19-7 in Schofield 1985

Sporophyte Development

Sporophyte: Sporangium

Sporophyte: Sporangium Dehiscence

6

Moss Liverwort

Hornwort

(Liverwort)

(Moss)

(Hornwort)All Other Plants

Green AlgaeHypothesis I: Bryophytes Monophyletic

(Liverwort)

(Moss) (Hornwort)

Rest of Plants

Green Algae

Hypothesis II: Bryophytes Paraphyletic (Some Internal Monophyly)

(Liverwort)

(Moss)(Hornwort)

Rest of Plants

Green Algae

Hypothesis III: Bryophytes Paraphyletic (No Internal Monophyly)