How do living things reproduce?

Lesson 1

Reproduction

Lesson 2

Plant Life Cycles

Lesson 3

Animal Life Cycles

Lesson 4

Traits and Heredity

Chapter 2 Menu

sexual

reproduction

fertilization

asexual

reproduction

vegetative

propagation

runner

Lesson 1 Splash

What are sexual and asexual reproduction?

Sexual reproduction

is the production of a

new organism from

two parents.

Asexual reproduction is the

production of a new organism

from a single parent.

Lesson 1 a

Organisms reproduce asexually

by splitting, budding, vegetative

propagation, and the development

of eggs into new animals without

fertilization.

How do organisms reproduce asexually?

Lesson 1 b

Asexual reproduction

requires only one parent,

and offspring are identical

to the parent organism.

Sexual reproduction requires two parents, and offspring

have a combination of traits from both parents.

How do sexual and asexual reproduction compare?

Lesson 1 c

How do sexual and asexual reproduction differ?

Main Idea

Sexual reproduction requires the sex

cells of two parents to combine. The

offspring shows traits from both

parents. In asexual reproduction there

is only one parent.

Lesson 1 Main Idea Review

____________________ is asexual reproduction in the plant

that produces new plants from leaves, roots, or stems.

___________________ are plant stems that lie on or under

the ground and sprout up as new plants.

A sperm cell from a male and an egg cell from a female join

into a single unit in a process called ___________________.

___________________ is the production of a new organism

from two parents.

___________________ is the production of a new organism

from a single parent.

asexual reproduction runners

Vocabulary

sexual reproduction fertilization

vegetative propagation

Vegetative propagation

Asexual reproduction

Sexual reproduction

Runners

Lesson 1 Vocab Review

small bud grows on parent

Sequence

End of Lesson

What happens after a bud

forms on an organism?

bud may break off

bud grows apart or

attached to parent

Lesson 1 GO Review

Lesson 1 Vocab a

Lesson 1 Vocab b

Lesson 1 Vocab c

Lesson 1 Vocab d

Lesson 1 Vocab e

pollination

pollen

embryo

seed coat

germination

monocot

dicot

conifer

Lesson 2 Splash

What are seedless plant life

cycles?

Moss Life Cycle

Fern Life Cycle spore case

spores new moss plant

adult

plant

sperm

egg fertilized egg

new fern plant

spores

fertilized egg egg

sperm

heart shaped

plant

fern frond

Lesson 2 a

What are the parts of a flower?

stigma filament

anther

egg

sepal

petal

stamen

style

pistil

ovary

perfect/complete

flower

perfect/incomplete

flower

imperfect/incomplete

flower (male)

imperfect/incomplete

flower (female)

Lesson 2 b

What is the angiosperm life cycle?

seedling

adult plant

pollinator

stamen

seed and fruit

pistil

ovary

Lesson 2 c

What is in a seed?

A seed has three main

parts: the embryo, the

cotyledon (food supply),

and the seed coat.

Lesson 2 d

What is the conifer life cycle?

adult plant

male cones

seedling

pine seeds

fertilized cones

female cones

Lesson 2 e

What three features help make angiosperms

the most plentiful plant group?

Main Idea

flowers, seeds, and fruits

Lesson 2 Main Idea Review

______________ is the development of

a seed into a new plant.

A ______________ produces seeds with

a single cotyledon.

A seed is surrounded by a tough outer

coating called a ______________.

A ______________ produces seeds with

two cotyledons.

dicot

Vocabulary

germination seed coat

Germination

monocot

Lesson 2 Vocab a Review

___________ is the transfer of pollen from

the stamen to the pistil.

___________ is a yellow powder that contains

sperm cells.

An ___________ is the beginning of a new

offspring.

A ___________ is a gymnosperm, a plant that

has seeds but not flowers.

conifer

Vocabulary

embryo pollination

Pollination

pollen

Pollen

Lesson 2 Vocab b Review

water carries

sperm to

female

fertilization

takes place

Summarize

End of Lesson

What effect does water have

in the moss life cycle?

Lesson 2 GO Review

Lesson 2 Vocab a

Lesson 2 Vocab b

Lesson 2 Vocab c

Lesson 2 Vocab d

Lesson 2 Vocab e

Lesson 2 Vocab f

Lesson 2 Vocab g

Lesson 2 Vocab h

metamorphosis

complete

metamorphosis

larva

pupa

incomplete

metamorphosis

nymph

external fertilization

internal fertilization

Lesson 3 Splash

Incomplete

Metamorphosis

Grasshopper

eggs nymph

adult

Some animals go through four distinct stages

of development in complete metamorphosis.

Other animals go through three gradual

stages in incomplete metamorphosis.

What are animal life cycles?

Many animals begin life looking

like smaller versions of adults.

Complete

Metamorphosis

Butterfly

eggs larva pupa adult

Lesson 3 a

How does fertilization

occur in animals?

When a sperm cell combines

with an egg cell, the resulting

fertilized egg starts growing.

External fertilization occurs

when sperm and egg join

outside of an animal’s body.

Internal fertilization is the

joining of sperm and egg

inside a female’s body.

Lesson 3 b

What happens to a fertilized egg?

In mammals, the embryo is fed by

the mother’s body as it develops.

After fertilization, an embryo

begins to develop inside an egg.

frog eggs

In reptile and bird eggs, the yolk inside

the egg provides the embryo with food.

crocodile egg

chicken egg

Lesson 3 c

Why do most aquatic animals use

external fertilization and most land

animals use internal?

Main Idea

Aquatic animals can release their sex

cells into the water because they will

not dry out there.

Land animals use internal fertilization

to protect the sex cells from drying

out.

Lesson 3 Main Idea Review

The out-of-body joining of egg and sperm is

called ________________________.

A ___________________ is similar to an adult form, but it

is smaller and lacks wings and reproductive structures.

The ___________________ is a non-feeding stage during

which a hard, caselike cocoon surrounds the organism.

During ________________________ the animal goes

through three stages that occur gradually.

external fertilization incomplete

metamorphosis

Vocabulary

nymph pupa

incomplete metamorphosis

Lesson 3 Vocab a Review

In _______________________ the animal goes

through four distinct stages.

A _______________________ in an immature stage

that does not resemble the adult.

_______________________ is the joining of sperm

and egg cells inside a female’s body.

_______________________ is a series of distinct

growth stages that are different from one another.

internal

fertilization

Vocabulary

larva

Internal fertilization

Metamorphosis

metamorphosis

complete metamorphosis

complete

metamorphosis

Lesson 3 Vocab b Review

complete

metamorphosis:

four stages –

egg, larva, pupa,

adult

incomplete

metamorphosis:

three stages –

egg, nymph, adult

Both:

metamorphosi

s

Compare and

Contrast

End of Lesson

How do complete and incomplete

metamorphosis compare?

Lesson 3 GO Review

Lesson 3 Vocab a

metamorphosis (met´ə·môr´fə·sis) A series of

distinct growth stages that are different from one

another. (p. 114)

Lesson 3 Vocab b

Lesson 3 Vocab c

Lesson 3 Vocab d

Lesson 3 Vocab e

Lesson 3 Vocab f

Lesson 3 Vocab g

Lesson 3 Vocab h

heredity

inherited trait

instinct

gene

dominant trait

recessive trait

pedigree

carrier

Lesson 4 Splash

What is heredity?

Heredity is the passing down of

traits from parents to offspring.

Heredity applies to all

organisms and can affect

appearance and behavior.

Lesson 4 a

How are traits inherited?

Inherited traits are passed

from parents to offspring

during reproduction.

Dominant traits (shown on

diagram with uppercase letters)

tend to be expressed more

frequently than recessive traits.

Recessive traits (shown on

diagram with lowercase letters)

are masked, or hidden, by the

more dominant forms.

Generation 1

Parent Generation

PP pp

Generation 2

Pp Pp Pp Pp

pp PP Pp Pp

Lesson 4 b

How do we trace inherited traits?

A pedigree chart can be used to trace

the history of traits in a family.

Parent’s Generation

Mother Father

Children’s Generation

Daughter Daughter Son Son

Dimples

(dominant trait)

No Dimples

(recessive trait)

Lesson 4 c

Why are offspring similar to parents,

but not exactly like either one of them?

Main Idea

Offspring inherit one set of genes

from each parent, so they have a

mixture of traits.

Lesson 4 Main Idea Review

A ______________ contains chemical

instructions for inherited traits.

A ______________ is any individual who

has inherited the gene for a trait, but does

not show that trait physically.

______________ is the passing down of

traits from parents to offspring.

A ______________ is one that dominates,

or masks, another form of that trait.

carrier

Vocabulary

dominant trait gene

Heredity

heredity

Lesson 4 Vocab a Review

A ____________ is a chart used to trace the

history of traits in a family.

An ____________ is a trait that an offspring

receives from its parents.

A ____________ is one that is hidden, or

masked, by another form of the trait.

An ____________ is a way of acting or behaving

that an animal is born with and does not have to

learn.

inherited trait

Vocabulary

instinct pedigree recessive trait

Lesson 4 Vocab b Review

Tongue rolling

is an inherited

trait controlled

by genes.

Tongue rolling

gets easier

with practice.

Fact and

Opinion

End of Lesson

A friend claims that with practice

anyone can roll their tongue. Is

this fact or opinion? Explain.

Lesson 4 GO Review

Lesson 4 Vocab a

Lesson 4 Vocab b

Lesson 4 Vocab c

Lesson 4 Vocab d

Lesson 4 Vocab e

Lesson 4 Vocab f

Lesson 4 Vocab g

Lesson 4 Vocab h