Essential QuestionEssential Question

How does the How does the number of number of

musicians in an musicians in an orchestra relate to orchestra relate to the quality of its the quality of its

sound?sound?

Unit Questions

• How many musicians are in a typical orchestra?

• What are the families of instruments that make up an orchestra?

• How has the orchestra evolved into the modern day orchestra?

The Instrument

s of the

OrchestraBy

Michael Jackson

Unit Overview• History of the Orchestra

• Modern Arrangement of Families

• Meet the Woodwinds

• Meet the Strings & Harp

• Meet the Brass Instruments

• Meet the Percussion Instruments

History of the OrchestraOriginates from ancient Greece.

First purpose was to accompany plays.

Claudio Monteverdi, Italian composer used orchestra to accompany his first opera, Orfeo.

Had 40 players

Violins & viols

Flutes

Shawms (early oboes)

Trumpets

Sackbuts (early trombones)

Harpsichord, organ, and harp

Modern Arrangement of Instruments

Meet The Woodwinds• Woodwinds are basically tubes pierced with holes. • They produce sound through the vibration of the air column

inside the tube. • Some woodwinds have reeds. A reed is a thin piece of cane that

vibrates when blown across. – Piccolo: Highest Pitched; Mimics sound of bird; Smallest of

family– Flute: No Reed– Clarinet: Single Reed; Expressive tone– Oboe: Double Reed; Sad tone– Bassoon: Double Reed; Lowest Pitched

WOODWINDS

Clarinet

FluteBassoon

Piccolo Oboe

Double Reed

Meet the Strings & Harp• Largest Section of the Orchestra

• Crafted by carving, shaping and glueing wood pieces together; no nails or screws are used.

• Each instrument has four strings, the vibrations of which makes the instrument sound.

• Come in many sizes:

– the larger the instrument, the lower the sound,

– the smaller the instrument, the higher the sound.

• Sound is made on string instruments by playing their strings two ways; plucking or bowing.

– Violin: Smallest member of family

– Viola: Slightly larger than violin with a much warmer and lower tone

– Cello: Bass member of family; musician must sit to play instrument

– Double Bass: Lowest pitch of family; mostly played while standing

– Harp: Largest of family; has 45 strings

STRINGS & HARP

DoubleBass

Cello

ViolaViolin

Harp

Meet the Brass InstrumentsMetallic loops of tubing, in different lengths, with a mouthpiece at one end and a bell shape at the other.

The longer the length of tubing, the lower the sound.

Brass players' lips act as reeds.

Sound is produced by buzzing with the lips while blowing in the mouthpiece.

Most have valves that are pressed and released to change and produce different tones.

The trombone has a slide that when moved changes the length of tubing, and therefore the pitch.

All brass instruments have mutes that are placed in the bell to soften the tone or change tone color.

BRASS INSTRUMENTS

Trumpet Trombone French Horn Tuba

Meet the Percussion Instruments

Made of naturally resonant materials like skin, wood or metal.

Sound is produced when the instrument is struck.

The role of this section is to provide rhythm and character to the orchestra.

These instruments range from simple wooden blocks to tuned instruments.

PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

Chimes

CymbalsGlockenspiel Snare Drum

Tambourine Timpani Triangle Xylophone

Sound ExamplesFor Sound Examples of Each Instrument

Go To

The Dallas Symphony Orchestra

Instrument Webpagehttp://www.dsokids.com/2001/instrumentchart.htm

Click Button Above To Enter Site

The End