“HOW SOME UNUSUAL RNA MOLECULES HOME IN ON TARGETS ” AND “UNIQUE EPIGENOMIC CODE IDENTIFIED DURING

HUMAN BRAIN DEVELOPMEN”Juan Camilo Cadavid Usuga

Medicine student III Semester

Molecular Biology

INTRODUCTION

This news try both on different forms and methods that we have studied the DNA and the influence on cell activity. this news show the medical application has to know and locate genes and function of these normal and abnormal as can be pathological.

HOW SOME UNUSUAL RNA MOLECULES HOME IN ON TARGETS.

Sciencedaily July 5, 2013

lncRNAs as a way to meet the genes that are necessaries for common function in only one physical region and to regule as a joint and not individually. lncRNAs collects and organize, key proteins involved in packaging of genetic information to regulate gene expression.

HOW SOME UNUSUAL RNA MOLECULES HOME IN ON TARGETS.

Sciencedaily July 5, 2013

Xist is one kind of IncRNA this molecule involved in the transformation of one of the X chromosome in females. Works arranging and modifying chromatin structure.

Image taken from: http://www.nature.com/embor/journal/v8/n1/fig_tab/7400871_F3.html

HOW SOME UNUSUAL RNA MOLECULES HOME IN ON TARGETS.

Sciencedaily July 5, 2013

To understand this mechanism is developed a RAP (antisense RNA Purification), and found that this RNA use the position information to find things that were far away from it in the genome space. When Xist lights, strip quickly in the genes, forming a cloud bringing all genes related with a physics nuclear structure.

(Credit image: Amy Pandya-Jones and Kathrin Plath)

HOW SOME UNUSUAL RNA MOLECULES HOME IN ON TARGETS.

Sciencedaily July 5, 2013

The IncRNAs, unlike proteins, can really use its genomic information - its context, its location - to act, to meet the goals, "he says." That makes them quite unique.

OBSERVATION

I think the significance of these discoveries at molecular level don’t lie only in running but in perform them in medicine and treatments for genetic diseases treated with gene therapy embedded these IncRNA as it has opened the possibility in Down syndrome.

UNIQUE EPIGENOMIC CODE IDENTIFIED DURING HUMAN BRAIN

DEVELOPMEN.Sciencedaily July 5, 2013

Epigenome changes, has an important role in learning and memory, because each cell express information contained on its DNA. Changes such as DNA methylation, which may control turned on or off without change the DNA alphabet and for it the differentiation between types of nervous cells.

UNIQUE EPIGENOMIC CODE IDENTIFIED DURING HUMAN BRAIN

DEVELOPMEN.Sciencedaily July 5, 2013

DNA methylation is produced generally at CpG sites, where C (cytosine) sits next to G (guanine) in the DNA alphabet. The current study finds this is not the case in the brain where no CG methylation occurs after cells differentiate, usually during childhood and adolescence.

This picture show the DNA methylation VS age.

(Credit Image Courtesy of Eran Mukamel, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies)

UNIQUE EPIGENOMIC CODE IDENTIFIED DURING HUMAN BRAIN

DEVELOPMEN.Sciencedaily July 5, 2013

No CG methylation accumulates in neurons through early childhood and adolescence, and becomes the dominant form of DNA methylation in mature human neurons.

Image taken from: http://patergen.wordpress.com/page/3/

UNIQUE EPIGENOMIC CODE IDENTIFIED DURING HUMAN BRAIN

DEVELOPMEN.Sciencedaily July 5, 2013

"This tells us that neural circuit’s mature brain is accompanied by a parallel process of large-scale reconfiguration of the neural epigenome"

Image taken from: http://www.somosmedicina.com/2013/02/eyewire-juega-colaborando-con-la.html

OBSERVATION

I think that this study is showing us how the variation of epigenetic changes of neuron vary according with the age and in order with the right operation of itself, but also as an abnormality in these, can lead to certain diseases in which should abound more from physiopathological point oriented from molecular.

MEDICAL UTILITY

MEDICAL UTILITY HOW SOME UNUSUAL RNA

MOLECULES HOME IN ON TARGETS

XIST an IncRNA molecule that is important in modern medicine because it is responsible to transform one of two X chromosomes in female mammals and according to research by the journal "Nature" the introduction of this gene could correct trisomy of chromosome 21, abnormality genetic that causes Down syndrome.

MEDICAL UTILITY UNIQUE EPIGENOMIC CODE IDENTIFIED DURING HUMAN BRAIN DEVELOPMEN

The use of DNA study and its methylation changes can be related to human diseases.

MEDICAL UTILITY UNIQUE EPIGENOMIC CODE

IDENTIFIED DURING HUMAN BRAIN DEVELOPMEN

Including psychiatric disorders, schizophrenia, depression, suicide and bipolar disorder.

Image taken from: http://www.metrolic.com/strange-mental-disorders-130045/

BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Martínez S, Lina María. Biología Molecular. 7 ed. Medellín: UPB. Facultad de Medicina, 2012. 59-67.P

• J. M. Engreitz, A. Pandya-Jones, P. McDonel, A. Shishkin, K. Sirokman, C. Surka, et al. How Some Unusual RNA Molecules Home in On Targets. sciencedaily, (online magazine),2013(July 5). available online : http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/07/130705212230.htm

• R. Lister, E. A. Mukamel, J. R. Nery, M. Urich, C. A. Puddifoot, et al. Unique Epigenomic Code Identified During Human Brain Development. sciencedaily, (online magazine),2013(July 5). available online : http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/07/130705102037.htm

THANKS…

Image taken from: http://formacionpastoralparalaicos.blogspot.com/2009/09/conocimiento-cientifico-y-conocimiento.html