How the Americas were encountered, conquered, colonized and developed

identify the reasons for exploration of the New World by Spain, also, the effects of the conquest on the Americas.

Old World [Europe] New World [Europe]

Uniting Spain: King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile

For many, many years the country of Spain was divided into sections ruled by different people.

The two largest and most powerful territories were Aragon and Castile which were ruled by separate monarchs.

In 1469 Isabella and Ferdinand were married with the blessing of the Catholic Church and united the entire country within a few years under one united Kingdom.

Reconquista: The Re-conquest• Within 10 years of Isabella and Ferdinand’s marriage the monarchy, with

the support of the Catholic Church issued decrees that only Catholics were allowed to live in Spain.

• For hundreds of years before 1480 there were powerful Jewish families and Muslim communities that held strong financial and military power within Spain.

• In order to fully control Spain under Catholic rule a re-conquest of the nation ordered people to convert or be jailed, tortured, killed or deported.

• By 1492 the Reconquista was complete!

Expansion and Colonization

Many, many people inside and outside of Spain tried to become friendly and helpful to the new monarchy in Spain.

The king and queen like most monarchs desired riches, respect and rewards.

People from all over Europe offered deals and opportunities to help the king and queen become more powerful.

The Genoese ExplorerThe Genoese Explorer

► An Italian sea navigator from An Italian sea navigator from Genoa, Italy who had failed to Genoa, Italy who had failed to get sponsored by other get sponsored by other monarchs in Italy and Portugal monarchs in Italy and Portugal convinced Queen Isabella to convinced Queen Isabella to sponsor him to find India.sponsor him to find India.

► India was considered hugely India was considered hugely rich in valuable spices and rich in valuable spices and gold.gold.

► Columbus believed he could Columbus believed he could establish trade in India and establish trade in India and eventually conquer it for eventually conquer it for Spain in exchange for a lot of Spain in exchange for a lot of money.money.

Columbus and Las CasasColumbus and Las Casas► After Columbus arrived in the place that he called After Columbus arrived in the place that he called the Indies the Indies

his soldiers swiftly took control of the territories and all of the his soldiers swiftly took control of the territories and all of the people who lived there.people who lived there.

► The island inhabitants (Taino and Arawak people) were The island inhabitants (Taino and Arawak people) were friendly and welcoming to the Spanish perhaps by fear and friendly and welcoming to the Spanish perhaps by fear and curiosity.curiosity.

► Conquistadors (Spanish soldiers and conquerors) quickly Conquistadors (Spanish soldiers and conquerors) quickly established Catholic rule and a system called established Catholic rule and a system called EncomiendaEncomienda..

EncomiendaEncomienda► A brutal and controlling A brutal and controlling

system of forced labor of system of forced labor of native peoples was used to native peoples was used to mine gold and other natural mine gold and other natural resources for the benefit of resources for the benefit of Spain.Spain.

► At first the Catholic Church At first the Catholic Church supported the system but a supported the system but a dissenter named Bartolome de dissenter named Bartolome de Las Casas protested.Las Casas protested.

► Las Casas believed the system Las Casas believed the system was cruel and un-Christian.was cruel and un-Christian.

► He wrote criticisms of the He wrote criticisms of the policy and got Columbus policy and got Columbus removed as Royal Governor.removed as Royal Governor.

The Genoese (a person from Genoa, Italy) The Genoese (a person from Genoa, Italy) ExplorerExplorer

► ColumbusColumbus never reached India by never reached India by sea. Instead taking his trio of ships sea. Instead taking his trio of ships La NiñaLa Niña, , La PintaLa Pinta and the and the La La Santa MariaSanta Maria reached several reached several islands in the Caribbean sea after islands in the Caribbean sea after months of travel. months of travel.

► Although a lot of gold was eventually Although a lot of gold was eventually discovered in other places in what is discovered in other places in what is now called South America by other now called South America by other Spanish explorers Columbus’ Spanish explorers Columbus’ expeditions (there were 3 altogether expeditions (there were 3 altogether was considered failures). was considered failures).

► Isabella trusted him but eventually Isabella trusted him but eventually stopped sponsoring him after the 3stopped sponsoring him after the 3rdrd expedition because of pressure from expedition because of pressure from other explorers and her advisors.other explorers and her advisors.

Let the conquest begin!Let the conquest begin!► In 1492 Spain’s In 1492 Spain’s

MonarchyMonarchy sent sent explorers to find explorers to find new land.new land.

► Columbus claimed Columbus claimed several islands in several islands in the Caribbean as the Caribbean as Spain’s Spain’s coloniescolonies..

► Extensions of Extensions of mother country. mother country.

► The so-called Columbian Exchange was the movement of people, animals, plants and diseases The so-called Columbian Exchange was the movement of people, animals, plants and diseases between Europe, Africa and the Americas.between Europe, Africa and the Americas.

► Types of life that were not native (not born in or used to living) in certain parts of the world Types of life that were not native (not born in or used to living) in certain parts of the world invaded other areas and caused problems such as killing off native people, plants and animals.invaded other areas and caused problems such as killing off native people, plants and animals.

► Some of this exchange was good because some food was more common and some of this was Some of this exchange was good because some food was more common and some of this was bad because certain disease were impossible to survive. bad because certain disease were impossible to survive.

Explosion of CompetitionExplosion of Competition► Columbus’ discovery set Columbus’ discovery set

off a flurry (a hurried off a flurry (a hurried rush) of voyages by rush) of voyages by other nations.other nations.

► Such as Who?Such as Who?

► England,England, SpainSpain and and FranceFrance

European monarchs (kings and queens)

What were some results of Spanish in What were some results of Spanish in the New World?the New World?

► European European cultureculture (way (way of living) became of living) became widespread in the widespread in the Americas.Americas.

► Examples?Examples?

► Language, religion and Language, religion and government. government.

Where did European Where did European explorers settle in the New explorers settle in the New

World?World?

►Spain settled in the South and West.Spain settled in the South and West.

►England in the Caribbean and on the England in the Caribbean and on the East.East.

►France in the Caribbean and in the France in the Caribbean and in the Southeast.Southeast.

Spain’s territorySpain’s territory

England’s territoryEngland’s territory

France’s territoryFrance’s territory

Some Possible RAFT Paper OptionsSome Possible RAFT Paper Options[You do not have to select any of the following options they are only [You do not have to select any of the following options they are only

suggestions]suggestions]

► You are King Ferdinand of Aragon You are King Ferdinand of Aragon oror Queen Isabella of Castile thinking of Queen Isabella of Castile thinking of ways to become more powerful inside and outside of Spain.ways to become more powerful inside and outside of Spain.

► You are Christopher Columbus, the ocean navigator, who convinced the You are Christopher Columbus, the ocean navigator, who convinced the Spanish Monarchs to fund his voyages to the New World [write about what Spanish Monarchs to fund his voyages to the New World [write about what the experience might have been like to struggle].the experience might have been like to struggle].

► An Arawak or Taino native in one of the Caribbean islands who encountered An Arawak or Taino native in one of the Caribbean islands who encountered the Spanish as they arrived on their island with soldiers, guns, horses, dogs the Spanish as they arrived on their island with soldiers, guns, horses, dogs and diseases [write about your opinions of what took place]. and diseases [write about your opinions of what took place].

► An animal, plant or disease that has traveled from Europe to the New World An animal, plant or disease that has traveled from Europe to the New World [write about what is the experience like: successes and/or failures].[write about what is the experience like: successes and/or failures].

► As a member of Columbus’ expedition (one of his men) you have traveled on As a member of Columbus’ expedition (one of his men) you have traveled on the ocean with him and experienced life in the New World islands [describe the ocean with him and experienced life in the New World islands [describe your emotions, the conditions and any suffering or fear you felt].your emotions, the conditions and any suffering or fear you felt].

► You are Columbus. You have been to the New World, returned to Spain and You are Columbus. You have been to the New World, returned to Spain and then returned to the New World. Describe what you have been experienced.then returned to the New World. Describe what you have been experienced.

Image SourcesImage Sources► http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_return_of_Christopher_Columbus;his_audience_before_King_Ferdina

nd_and_Queen_Isabella..jpg► http://www.emersonkent.com/images/christopher_columbus_image.jpghttp://www.emersonkent.com/images/christopher_columbus_image.jpg► http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/De_Bry_1c.JPG/250px-De_Bry_1c.JPGhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/De_Bry_1c.JPG/250px-De_Bry_1c.JPG► http://www.aoc.gov/images/bartolome.jpghttp://www.aoc.gov/images/bartolome.jpg► http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Isabel_la_Cat%C3%B3lica-2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Isabel_la_Cat%C3%B3lica-2.jpg► http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ferdinand_of_Aragon.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ferdinand_of_Aragon.jpg► http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IsabellaofCastile05.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IsabellaofCastile05.jpg► http://library.thinkquest.org/TQ0312848/Media/13colonieskey.jpghttp://library.thinkquest.org/TQ0312848/Media/13colonieskey.jpg► http://www.slmc.uottawa.ca/content_images/222001e.gifhttp://www.slmc.uottawa.ca/content_images/222001e.gif