Making 3D Anaglyph Images

Anaglyph 3D images Gallery

Where have you seen 3D images?

Video Games – VR Virtual RealityCinema –Film and Animation

USES FOR 3D IMAGES?

USES FOR 3D IMAGES?Where depth perception is useful

USES FOR 3D IMAGES?- Where depth perception is useful:

• Design – Products – cars, toys, household items etc.• Presentation of full scale and microscopic stereographic images:• Science imaging 3D Models/ Medical models• Architecture• Geological illustrations • NASA • Stereo imaging of the heart using 3D ultra-sound with plastic

red/cyan glasses

Stereoscopic 3 dimensional visualization applied to multimodal brain images

Put on 3D glasses

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Uses of 3D in Industry

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The science behind stereoscopy (3D images)

Our brains perceive depth by combining the images from each of our eyes, which each see a scene from a slightly different perspective.

(This is why covering one eye hampers depth perception.)

So looking at two pictures that differ in perspective by the interocular difference can create a stereoscopic, or 3-D, image.

Test your eyes

• Hold one finger next to your ear. Now stretch your other arm out straight and hold up another finger. Now bring your two fingers together and touch the tips together. Is was easy right? Now repeat the same procedure but close one eye. Were you able to touch your fingers together on the first try? Now you know how important binocular vision is at close range.

Converged Eyes• Here’s an example of how your eyes use convergence in the real world. Hold a pen

about one foot in front of your face and look directly at it. You will feel your eyes both angle towards the pen in order to converge on it, creating a single image of the pen. What you may not immediately perceive is that everything behind the pen appears as a double image (diverged.) Now look at the background behind the pen and your pen will suddenly appear as two pens because your eyes are no longer converged on it. This “double-image” is retinal disparity at work and it is helping your brain determine which object is in front of the other.

Distance between eyes

• Distance is typically accepted to be an average of 65mm (roughly 2.5 inches) for a male adult.

Stereoscopy (Stereo Pair)• This is the technique used to create the 3D images.

• Stereoscopy (also called stereoscopics) is a technique for creating or enhancing the illusion of depth in an image by means of stereopsis for binocular vision.

• Most stereoscopic methods present two offset images separately to the left and right eye of the viewer.

• These two-dimensional images are then combined in the brain to give the perception of 3D depth.

Stereoscopic vision

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When was 3D imaging invented?

When was 3D imaging invented?

• Leonardo da Vinci was, to put it mildly, a smart guy. He was an inventor and scientist as well as an artist, and he took a special interest in finding ways to realistically render three-dimensional forms on a flat canvas. And now, a pair of researchers say that in the early 1500s he might have created the world’s first 3-D image.

• Even more surprising: It’s the Mona Lisa.• Or to be more exact, it’s both the Mona Lisa you know, in the

Louvre, and a copy housed in the Prado Museum in Madrid. Researchers in Germany argue that the Prado version was painted in da Vinci’s studio at the same time, from a slightly different position. The distance between the two perspectives is very close to the distance between a person’s eyes, creating a stereoscopic 3-D effect when the two are combined.

• “This points to the possibility that the two [paintings] together might represent the first stereoscopic image in world history,” the researchers wrote in their initial report on the phenomenon last year inPerception

A copy of the Mona Lisa in the Prado Museum (left) is painted from a slightly different perspective than the original in the Louvre (right). Together, the paintings make a stereoscopic image — whether da Vinci knew that or not.

A re-creation of a two-painter scenario for the Louvre and Prado versions of the Mona Lisa has a second painter, possibly a student, standing to the left and ahead of da Vinci. The distance between the perspectives (Δ) would have been 69 millimeters, similar to the distance between a person’s eyes and yielding nearly stereoscopic images.

The Prado Museum version of the Mona Lisa (left) and the Louvre painting (center) show the subject from slightly different angles that can combine into a 3-D image (right)

There are different systems used so we can see stereoscopic 3D images.

1. Anaglyph 3D

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There are different systems used so we can see stereoscopic 3D images.

2.Polarization Video

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A polarized 3D system uses polarization glasses to create the illusion of three-dimensional images by restricting the light that reaches each eye, an example of stereoscopy.

There are different systems used so we can see stereoscopic 3D images.

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3.Active Shutter Video

An active shutter 3D system (a.k.a. alternate frame sequencing, alternate image, AI, alternating field, field sequential or eclipse method) is a technique of displaying stereoscopic 3D images.

It works by only presenting the image intended for the left eye while blocking the right eye's view, then presenting the right-eye image while blocking the left eye, and repeating this so rapidly that the interruptions do not interfere with the perceived fusion of the two images into a single 3D image.

There are different systems used so we can see stereoscopic 3D images.

Today we will make an Anaglyph 3D image

Anaglyph 3D images Gallery

Anaglyph 3D

• There are a couple of terms we need to be aware of to understand Anaglyph 3D:

• Depth perception

• Anaglyph

• Stereoscopy

Why do we see in 3D?• Depth perception is the visual ability to perceive the world in three dimensions

and the distance of an object.

• 3D anaglyphs work by exploiting our natural ability to perceive depth using binocular vision.

• Much like a camera, each of our eyes can only see in 2D.

• Our depth perception comes from the fact that each of our eyes sees a slightly different image from one another, from slightly different angles.

• When the images get processed in our brain — the slight difference in angles between the two images we get from our eyes — it gives us the perception of depth.

Anaglyph 3D

• Anaglyph 3D is the name given to the stereoscopic 3D effect achieved by means of encoding each eye's image using filters of different (usually chromatically opposite) colours, typically red and cyan.

Anaglyph 3D

• Images are made up of two colour layers, superimposed, but offset with respect to each other to produce a depth effect.

Anaglyph 3D

Usually the main subject is in the centre, while the foreground and background are shifted laterally in opposite directions.

Anaglyph 3D

In order to see things in 3D each eye must see a slightly different picture.

• This is done in the real world by your eyes being spaced apart so each eye has its own slightly different view. The brain then puts the two pictures together to form one 3D image that has depth to it.

• This is called Stereoscopy

Stereoscopy

Anaglyph 3D Anaglyph 3D images contain:

• Two images of the same subject from slightly different view points.

• Two differently filtered coloured images, one for each eye.

• The images are then superimposed on top of the on another but offset slightly.

• The RED image is offset slightly

to the LEFT and the CYAN (GREEN AND BLUE) image is slightly off set to the Right.

Anaglyph 3D

When viewed through the "color-coded" "anaglyph glasses", each of the two images reaches the eye it's intended for, revealing an integrated stereoscopic image.

The two images, LEFT one RED and the RIGHT one BLUE/CYAN overlap, they don’t match up exactly so trick your brain into seeing one 3D image!

Anaglyph 3D

The visual cortex of the brain fuses this into perception of a three-dimensional scene or composition.

Anaglyph Video 3

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So, to make an Anaglyph 3D image we need to follow these steps

• A STEREOSCOPIC IMAGE – this is a STEREO PAIR of images: 2 images of the same object photographed from a small distance apart. We can then label each image ‘LEFT’ and ‘RIGHT’.

• COLOUR SEPARATION RED /CYAN (one for each eye);

• -the LEFT image is turned RED • -the RIGHT image is turned CYAN

• THESE TWO IMAGES ARE THEN COMBINED; superimposed/layered on top of each other and they are slightly offset.

• Q1-How does our brain perceive 3D images?• A1 -Two different images from our 2 eyes, get overlapped by your brain to

give us depth perception.

• Q2-Give 3 examples of 3D systems.• A2-Anaglyph, Polarized & Active Shutter

• Q3-Give one example of a disadvantage of an Anaglyph image.• A3-Colour information is lost because of the colour separation into red

and cyan.

• Q4-What does the 3D image do to your brain?• A4-It tricks your brain into seeing depth.

Anaglyph 3D images Gallery

CREATING ANAGLYPHS WITH JUST 1 IMAGE

CREATING ANAGLYPHS WITH JUST 1 IMAGE

Glasses separated from face and colours shifted differently in each layer

• FOREGROUND• MIDDLEGROUND• BACKGROUND

Photoshop• Double click the ‘left’ layer again to open up the Layer Style options. Uncheck the

Red channel then hit OK.

• Open the Layer Style options for the ‘right’ layer, but this time uncheck both the Green and Blue channels.

CREATING ANAGLYPHS WITH 2 IMAGES

• In the case of ortho-stereoscopic shooting that would mean your cameras should only be 2.5” apart and your closest subject should never be any closer than 75 inches (about 6 feet) away.

• Interaxial x 30 = minimum object distanceorMinimum object distance ÷ 30 = Interaxial