how well do you know rice consumers? a glimpse on preferences and habits of urban rice consumers in...

8/12/2019 How Well Do You Know Rice Consumers? A glimpse on preferences and habits of urban rice consumers in South and Southeast Asia

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@iw whff ni yiu cdiw rmohoidsubhrs9

J efmbpsh id prhghrhdohs jdn `jlmts ig

urljd rmoh oidsubhrs md _iut` jdn_iut`hjst Jsmj

Ofjmrh Oustinmi

Bjrcht \hshjro` hjb

__N _hbmdjr

;< Jprmf <;:>



Bjrcht rhshjro` jdn bjrchtshebhdtjtmid ti eumnh rmoh lrhhnmde

prmirmtmhs wmt` ilahotmvhs js giffiws1:. î jdjfyzh rmoh prhghrhdohs ig

prinuohrs, oidsubhrs jdn it`hrstjchìfnhrs (s`jrhìfnhrs) md t`h rmohvjfuh o`jmd

<. î udnhrstjdn oidsubhrs” puro`jsh

jdn oidsubptmid `jlmts3 ìw t`hyoìish jdn vjfuh rmoh erjmd qujfmty3jdn ìw t`hsh vjry ehierjp`mojffyjoriss jdn wmt`md oiudtrmhs, ly urljdjdn rurjf bjrchts, ehdnhr jdn mdoibhfhvhfs

?. î nhgmdh jdn o`jrjothrmzh bjrchtshebhdts, jdn hstmbjth nhbjdn gir rmohjdn rmoh ly-prinuots ly bjrcht shebhdtljshn id lit` jeri-hoifiemojf jdn siomi-hoidibmo gjotirs

>. î bjp jdn jdjfyzh rmoh vjfuh o`jmds jdn

mnhdtmgy oidstrjmdts gir tho`difiey jniptmidjdn dhhnhn pifmoy bhjsurhs ti suppirthggmomhdt vjfuh o`jmd i hrjtmid

U`hrh jrh wh md t`h so`hbh ig t`mdes9



^\L Cmoc-igg bhhtmde, 8 Ghlrujry <;:>

U`hrh jrh wh md t`h so`hbh ig t`mdes9



:. Bjcmde \&N birh bjrcht-nrmvhd

• Oidsubhrs” prhghrhdohs • _tjch`ifnhrs” prhghrhdohs

• Nhbjdn, bjrcht shebhdts• WO oidstrjmdts & ippirtudmtmhs• _tjdnjrns, lusmdhss binhfs• _`irt-bhnmub thrb

<. Bjcmde rmoh bjrchts birh \&N-nrmvhd

• ^hstmde dhw prinuots• ^hstmde dhw bjrchtmde strjthemhs• ^hstmde dhw lusmdhss binhfs• Lumfnmde nhbjdn, bjrchts

• Jfthrmde prhgs, puro`jshlh`jvmir• Bhnmub-fide thrb

M\\M Bjrcht

B. Nhbidt

@iw ojd wh bjch iur rhshjro` birh bjrcht-irmhdthn9



Gmhfnwirc phrmin1Bjy - Audh <;:?1 [`mfmppmdhs, Mdnidhsmj, `jmfjdn, Mdnmj_hpthblhr - Iotilhr <;:?1 Wmhtdjb, Ojblinmj, Hjst Mdnmj_hpthblhr <;:?1 Ljdefjnhs`Ajdujry - Ghlrujry <;:>1 Jnnmtmidjf Hjst Mdnmj

\jpmn Jpprjmsjf md <;:?/<;:>1 Oidsubhr survhys md <> chy omtmhs

(pfus < rurjf stjths) md 5 oiudtrmhs md _iut` & _iut`hjst Jsmj



• _orhhdmde quhstmids

• Mbpirtjdoh ig rmoh

• Oidsubptmid (grhquhdoy, qujdtmty, ioojsmids, prhghrrhn nms`hs,• [uro`jsh (grhquhdoy, qujdtmty, prmoh, pjocjemde, pjoc smzhs, o`jddhf)

• [rhghrrhn rmoh o`jrjothrmstmos gir gjbmfy oidsubptmid (ehdhrjfprhghrhdoh, nms`-sphomgmo)

• [hrohptmid tiwjrns prhbmub qujfmty, eiin qujfmty, piir qujfmty

• _phomgmo vjrmhtmhs/typhs/lrjdns1 jwjrhdhss, oidsubptmid, prhghrhdoh.• _iuroh ig mdgirbjtmid gir dhw rmoh vjrmhtmhs

• Nhbierjp mo mdgirbjtmid

^ipmos oivhrhn md t`h survhy quhstmiddjmrh

Jvhrjeh mdthrvmhw fhdet`1 : `iur jdn :8 bmduths



Oidsubhr `jlmts

\moh prhghrhdohs

Oiudtry`me`fme`ts

• Mdnmj jdn Ljdefjnhs`1 Jrh t`hrh nmgghrhdohs md rmohprhghrhdohs ig oidsubhrs md nmgghrhdt siomi-hoidibmoofjsshs9 Ni prhghrhdohs vjry ly nms`9

• ^`jmfjdn1 U`mo` shebhdt prhghrs ‖vifubh hxpjdsmid‒jdn w`jt jrh t`h nmgghrhdt jssiomjtmid ig jribj9

• [`mfmppmdhs1 U`mo` shebhdt ms tjpphn ly Ajsbmdh9• Wmhtdjb1 U`i jrh t`h bjrcht ‖pfjyhrs‒ grib oidsubhrs”

stjdnpimdt9

• U`jt jrh t`h bist prhghrrhn rmoh o`jrjothrmstmos t`jturljd gjbmfmhs prhghr9

@iw igthd ni urljd gjbmfmhs oidsubh rmoh jt `ibh9@iw buo` rmoh ni t`hy hjt9U`hrh ni t`hy usujffy puro`jsh rmoh9

Gious gir tinjy…

Diths 1•^`hsh jrh mdmtmjf gmdnmdes.

•Uh wmff fiic jt smbmfjrmtmhs jdn nmgghrhdohs joriss oiudtrmhs jdn jt omty fhvhf jdn

siomi-hoidibmo ofjsshs gir sibh ojshs.



\hshjro` nhsmed

\jdnib sjbpfmde jpprijo`1

• Gir hjo` omty, prmbjry sjbpfmde udmts([_X) whrh rjdnibfy shfhothn.

• Gir bist oiudtrmhs, stjrtmde pimdt girhjo` [_X wjs nhthrbmdhn ly fiojtmdepribmdhdt hstjlfms`bhdt suo` jsBisquh (md LN), ljrjdejy `hjft`

ohdthr (md [@).

• \me`t `jdn rufh wjs mbpfhbhdthn.• Mdthrvjf sjbpfmde wjs nidh ti shfhot

t`h dhxt ìushìfn

• Md t`h hvhdt t`jt birh t`jd idhìushìfn bhblhr qujfmgmhn,

rhspidnhdt wjs rjdnibfy shfhothn

^jreht rhspidnhdts1

• Bjfhs jdn ghbjfhs

• :0-7> yhjrs ifn grib joriss siomi-hoidibmo ofjsshs (_HO)

• BJMD O\M^H\MJ1 Mdvifvhn md eriohry nhomsmid-bjcmde JDN md oiicmde/bhjfprhpjrjtmid gir t`h ìushìfn.



\hshjro` nhsmedNjtj oiffhotmid1

• Gjoh ti gjoh mdthrvmhws

• [hd & pjphr struoturhn

quhstmiddjmrh- stjdnjrnmzhn joriss oiudtrmhs

- trjdsfjthn md fiojf fjdeujeh

• _pidtjdhius jdn pribpthnhfmomtjtmids

• Wmsujf stmbufm/sìwojrns

[fhjsh thff bh yiur fhvhf ig mdvifvhbhdt mdnhomsmid-bjcmde md t`h puro`jsh ig eriohrymthbs mdofunmde rmoh md yiur ìushìfn.



\hshjro` nhsmed(t`riue` iutsiurohn bjrcht rhshjro` gmrb)

Gmhfnwirc bidmtirmde1

• \heufjr stjtus rhpirt

• Zuhrmhs jdn ofjrmgmojtmids

Gmhfnwirc qujfmty oidtrif1

• [rh-gmhfnwirc1 lrmhgmde, bioc mdthrvmhws

jdn pmfit thsts

• Jotujf gmhfnwirc1• Gmhfnwirc suphrvmsirs jooibpjdy

mdthrvmhwhrs gir gmrst mdthrvmhws

• Bmdmbub ?;% ljoc o`hocs/ojff ljocs

gir hjo` mdthrvmhwhr

• :;;% o`hocmde ig quhstmiddjmrhs• Nhlrmhgmd

Gmhfnwirc phrmin (<-<.8 whhcs phr oiudtry)1

• [`mfmppmdhs1 Bjy :8 ti Audh >, <;:?

• Mdnmj1 Bjy :8 ti Audh >, <;:?• ^`jmfjdn1 Bjy :7 ti Audh 7, <;:?

• Mdnidhsmj1 Bjy :8 ti <0, ?;:?

• Wmhtdjb1 _hp :> ti Iot :, <;:?

• Ljdefjnhs`1 _hp = ti <8, <;:?



itjf d2>,87= (bistfy ghbjfhs), jeh :0-7> yhjrs joriss siomi hoidibmoofjsshs

*Jnnmtmidjf Hjsthrd Mdnmj omtmhs wmt` d2:8; hjo`1

Euwj`jtm md Jssjb/ Lùljdhs`wjr, Inms`j/

[jtdj, Lm`jr/ N`jdljn, Ajrc`jdn

‟ njtj gir priohssmde

*Jnnmtmidjf rurjf jrhjs md Uhst Lhdejf (d2<8;) jdn

Inms`j (d2<8;) ‟ njtj gir priohssmde

*Ojblinmj (d2?8;) ‟ njtj priohssmde ideimde

_jbpfh smzhjo`mhvhn

Bjremd ighrrir

(%)[`mfmppmdhs 8;; >

Bhtri Bjdmfj <;; 5

Ohlu Omty :8; 0

Njvji Omty :8; 0

Mdnmj (Hjst/_iut`)* 0<; ?O`hddjm(^jbmf Djnu, _iut`)

<88 7

Hrinh(^jbmf Djnu, _iut`)

:88 0

@ynhrjljn(Jdn`rj [rjnhs`,_iut`)

<;= 5

Cifcjtj(Uhst Lhdejf,Hjst) <;: 5

^`jmfjdn 8;; >

Erhjthr Ljdecic(Ohdtrjf)

<;; 5

O`mjde Bjm (Dirt`) :8; 0

Cìd Cjhd (Dirt`hjst):8;

0

_jbpfh smzhjo`mhvhn

Bjremd ighrrir

(%)Mdnidhsmj 8;; >

Ajcjrtj (Uhst Ajvj) <;; 5

_urjljyj (Hjst Ajvj) :8; 0

Bhnjd (Dirt` _ubjtrj) :8; 0

Wmhtdjb ?;; 7

_iut` ‟ @i O`m Bmd` Omty(@OBO)

<;; 5

Dirt` - @jdim (@D) :;; :;

Ljdefjnhs` >== >

N`jcj <;; 5

O`mttjeide :8; 0

Cùfdj :>= 0

Jo`mhvhn sjbpfh smzh



<;:>1 _hebhdts gir Mdnmj_jbpfh smzh

(lhgirh jppfymdewhme`ts)

^I^JF :,=<;

Xrljd _iut` 7:=

O`hddjm(^jbmf Djnu)

<88

Hrinh(^jbmf Djnu)

:88

@ynhrjljn(Jdn`rj [rjnhs`)

<;=

Xrljd Hjst 0;:

Cifcjtj(Uhst Lhdejf)

<;:

Euwj`jt m

(Jssjb):8;

L`uljdhs`wjr

(Inms`j) :8;

[jtdj

(Lm`jr):8;

N`jdljn

(Ajrc`jdn):8;

\urjf Hjst 8;;

\urjf Inms`j <8;

\urjf Uhst Lhdejf <8;



Uhme`tmde ig njtj1 Njtj wjs whme`thn ti oirrhot nmstrmlutmids jdn ti rhprhshdt sjbpfhnjtj ti tjreht pipufjtmid

• [ipufjtmid smzh pripirtmids ig t`h urljd zidhs/pipufjtmid ofusthr t`h sjbpfh omtmhs

rhprhshdt.• _iomi-hoidibmo ofjss nmstrmlutmid

Njtj rhprhshdtjtmidXrljd

pipufjtmid(bmffmid)

[`mfmppmdhs

Bhtri BjdmfjBhtri Bjdmfj ‟ mt ms t`h

lmeehst Bhtri::.=

Ohlu Omty Xrljd zidhs md Wmsjyjs 7.?

Njvji OmtyXrljd zidhs mdBmdnjdji

7.<

Mdnidhsmj

Ajcjrtj(Uhst Ajvj)

Xrljd nmstrmots md Ajcjrtjjs t`h ojpmtjf omty

=.7

_urjljyj(Hjst Ajvj)

Xrljd zidhs md HjstAjvj

:5.0

Bhnjd(Dirt` _ubjtrj)

Xrljd zidhs md Dirt`_ubjtrj

7.>

Njtj rhprhshdtjtmidXrljd

pipufjtmid(bmffmid)

^`jmfjdn

Erhjthr Ljdecic

(Ohdtrjf)

Erhjthr Ljdecic -

ojpmtjf omty0.?

O`mjde Bjm (Dirt`)Xrljd nmstrmots md t`hdirt`

>.;

C`id Cjhd(Dirt`hjst)

Xrljd nmstrmots md t`hdirt`hjst

8.8

Wmhtdjb

_iut` ‟ @i O`mBmd` Omty (@OBO)

Xrljd zidhs md t`h_iut` (_iut` Ohdtrjf

Oijst, Ohdtrjf@me`fjdns, _iut` Hjst,jdn t`h Bhcide \mvhrNhftj)

:7.:

Dirt` - @jdim (@D)

Xrljd zidhs md t`hDirt` (\hn \mvhr Nhftj,Dirt`hrd Bmnfjdns jdnt`h Dirt`hrd Oijst)

:;.:

Njtj rhprhshdtjtmid (_iut`hjst Jsmj)



Njtj rhprhshdtjtmid (_iut` Jsmj)

Njtj rhprhshdtjtmidXrljd pipufjtmid

(bmffmid)

H/_ Mdnmj

O`hddjm(^jbmf Djnu, _iut`)

O`hddjm ‟ fjreh bhtri 0.5

Hrinh(^jbmf Djnu, _iut`)

Ofusthr ig tiwds wmt`8;;,;;; ti >,;;;,;;;pipufjtmid tiwds md t`hstjth ig ^jbmf Djnu

0.;

@ynhrjljn(Jdn`rj [rjnhs`,_iut`)

@ynhrjljn ‟ fjreh bhtri 5.5

Cifcjtj

(Uhst Lhdejf,Hjst) Cifcjtj ‟ fjreh bhtri :>.:

Ljdefjnhs`

N`jcjXrljd zidhs md N`jcjNmvmsmid

:;.>

O`mttjeideXrljd zidhs mdO`mttjeide Nmvmsmid

>.5

C`ufdj Xrljd zidhs md C`ufdjNmvmsmid <.8

Uhme`tmde ig njtj1 Njtj wjs whme`thn ti oirrhot nmstrmlutmids jdn ti rhprhshdt sjbpfhnjtj ti tjreht pipufjtmid

• [ipufjtmid smzh pripirtmids ig t`h urljd zidhs/pipufjtmid ofusthr t`h sjbpfh omtmhs

rhprhshdt.• _iomi-hoidibmo ofjss nmstrmlutmid



\hspidnhdt prigmfh[`mfmppmdhs Mdnidhsmj ^`jmfjdn Wmhtdjb H/_ Mdnmj Ljdefjnhs`

Ljsh 8;; 8;; 8;; ?;; 0<; 8;;

BJMD Eriohry NhomsmidBjchrs jdn MDWIFWHN mdoiicmde/bhjf prhpjrjtmid

(Md %)

=: 00 05 => 05 55

Ghbjfh (Md %) 08 =7 =; =0 0= =?

Bjfh (Md %) :8 > :; < :: 5

Jvhrjeh jeh (yhjrs) >: ?0 >: >< >; ?>

Hnuojtmid (Md %)

- Di Girbjf _oìifmde : ; 5 ; 5 ?

- [rmbjry _oìif ir lhfiw :: :< <= 5 := :7- @me` _oìif

(Audmir/shdmir)>= 57 ?: 7= 85 7;

- ho`dmojf/Wiojtmidjf ^rjmdmde :< 8 0 :; < <

- Xdmvhrsmty <> 5 <? :? :: =

- [ist Erjnujth ? - : - < =

Uircmde stjtus (Md %)

- Uircmde Guff ^mbh :0 :; 85 <5 :? 8- Uircmde [jrt ^mbh :: :> > 0 5 5

- _tunhdt-Dit wircmde ? < ? :: 8 8

- @iushwmgh 85 5: ?> >= 5> 5=

Bidt`fy ìushìfn mdoibh(jvhrjeh md fiojf ourrhdoy)

:5,8;< [`[ >,?<;,;;: \p :8,;7; ^@L =,:?8,;;; WDN :<,::= \s ?:,:5; LN^

(jvhrjeh md X_$) $>:5 $?0: $>70 $>?> $<;; $>;<

@iushìfn smzh(dublhr ig phipfh)

8 > > > > >



itjf N`jcj O`mttjeide Cùfdj

Ljsh 8;: <=7 :?> 5<(Md LN^) (Md X_$) % % % %

Fhss t`jd 8,;;; Fhss t`jd 78 ; ; ; ?

8,;;: ti :;,;;; 78 ti :<= 5 0 ? :;

:;,;;: ti <;,;;; :<= ti <80 <7 <5 <; ??

<;,;;: ti ?;,;;; <80 ti ?05 <> <7 <? :=

?;,;;: ti >;,;;; ?05 ti 8:7 :; 7 :7 :8

>;,;;: ti 8;,;;; 8:7 ti 7>8 0 :: > <

8;,;;: ti 58,;;; 7>8 ti =70 5 = 7 ;

58,;;: ti :,;;,;;; =70 ti :,<=; > > 8 :

:,;;,;;: ti :,8;,;;; :,<=; ti :,=?8 : : : :

Birh t`jd :,8;,;;; Birh t`jd :,=?8 ; ; : ;

Ljdefjnhs`1 Bidt`fy ìushìfn mdoibh rjdeh



Oidsubhr `jlmts

(oiudtry fhvhf)



Wmnhi :

9



@iw buo` rmoh ni oidsubhrs hjt9

Ofjmbhn

bidt`fyoidsubptmid

ig gjbmfy(md ce)

@iushìfn

smzh

Bidt`fy

oidsubptmid(phr ojpmtj md

ce)

Grhquhdoy ig

oidsubptmidphr bidt`(jvhrjeh)

Zty

oidsubhnphr hjtmdeioojsmid

(phr ojpmtjmd erjbs)

[`mfmppmdhs ><.: 8 0.? 0> :;;

Mdnidhsmj <?.? > 8.0 0: 5<

^`jmfjdn :8.? > ?.0 87 70

Wmhtdjb <0.; > 5.; 88 :<5

H/_ Mdnmj <8.8 > 7.> 8< :<?

Ljdefjnhs` ?>.5 > 0.5 7> :?7

Ljsh1 Jff rhspidnhdts S[`mfmppmdhs d28;;3 Mdnidhsmj d28;;3 ^`jmfjdn d28;;3 H/_ Mdnmj d20<;3 Wmhtdjb d2?;;3 Ljdefjnhs` d28;;R3

_;01 `mdcmde jliut t`h pjst 7 bidt`s, iw grhquhdt nihs yiur gjbmfy hjt rmoh id jvhrjeh jt ibh, mdofunmde bhjfs jdn sdjocsbjnh ig rmoh9 [fhjsh thff bh w`mo` ig t`h giffiwmde stjthbhdts LH_^ jppfmhs ti yiu9 (_J)

_;=1 [fhjsh emvh us jd hstmbjth md CE (cmfierjbs) id ìw buo` rmoh yiur gjbmfy oidsubhn hvhry bidt` jt ìbh._81 Oiufn yiu thff bh ìw bjdy phipfh ourrhdtfy fmvh md yiur ìushìfn , mdofunmde yiurshfg9 [fhjsh idfy mdofunh tìsh wì fmvh md yiurìushìfn jt fhjst 8 njys j whhc jdn pfhjsh hxofunh t`h nibhstmo `hfphrs.



@iw igthd ni urljd gjbmfmhs oidsubh rmoh jt ìbh9

(md %)

Birh igthd t`jd ?x j njy ?x j njy ^wmoh j njy Idoh j njy

<-?x j whhc Idoh j whhc <-?x j bidt` Idoh j bidt`

<

:

5:

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<

=

?;

:=

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>=

=:

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70

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5

:

<:

:

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:

S_;01 ^`mdcmde jliut t`h pjst 7 bidt`s, ìw grhquhdt nihs yiur gjbmfy hjt rmoh id jvhrjeh jt ìbh, mdofunmde bhjfs jdn sdjocs bjnh ig rmoh9 [fhjsh thff bhw`mo` ig t`h giffiwmde stjthbhdts LH_^ jppfmhs ti yiu9 (_J)R3 SZ;7j1 ]iu bhdtmidhn hjrfmhr t`jt yiur gjbmfy hjts rmoh Sbhdtmid jdswhr md _;0R. ^`mdcmde jliutt`h pjst 7 bidt`s, id w`mo` ioojsmids nmn yiur gjbmfy usujffy hjt rmoh jt ìbh9 (BJ)R

Ljsh1 Jff rhspidnhdts S[`mfmppmdhs d28;;3 Mdnidhsmj d28;;3 ^`jmfjdn d28;;3 H/_ Mdnmj d20<;3 Wmhtdjb d2?;;3 Ljdefjnhs` d28;;R3

[`mfmppmdhs

Mdnidhsmj

^`jmfjdn

Wmhtdjb

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Ljdefjnhs`

Bhjd phrwhhc

<;.0 /wc

<;.< /wc

:>.; /wc

:?.5 /wc

:?.: /wc

:8.= /wc

Lrhjcgjst 50%Fudo` =0%,Nmddhr =0%

Ioojsmids hjtrmoh jt ìbh

Lrhjcgjst 00%Fudo` =8%,Nmddhr ==%

Lrhjcgjst 5<%Fudo` ?0%,

Nmddhr =5%

Lrhjcgjst ?%

Fudo` =;%,Nmddhr =0%

Lrhjcgjst ?5%

Fudo` ==%,Nmddhr 58%

Lrhjcgjst <7%

Fudo` =5%,Nmddhr =0%

Grhquhdoy ig r moh oidsub pt mid jt ibh

U` n l m 9



U`hrh ni oidsubhrs luy rmoh9Ni t`hy luy fiish rmoh ir pjocjehn9

Z;>1 U`hrh ni yiu usujffy luy udoiichn rmoh gir ìushìfn oidsubptmid9 (BJ).Z;8j1 …^`mdcmde jliut pjst 7 bidt`s, nmn yiu puro`jsh fiish ir pjocjehn rmoh ir lit`9 (BJ)

Ljsh1 ^ìsh wì puro`jshn rmoh md t`h pjst 7 bidt`s S[`mfmppmdhs d28;;3 Mdnidhsmj d28;;3 ^`jmfjdn d28;;3 Wmhtdjb d2?;;3

H/_ Mdnmj d20;>3 Ljdefjnhs` d2>=>R3

Oiudtry [uro`jsh o`jddhf (%)

[`mfmppmdhs_jrm-sjrm stirh

Uht bjrcht/bjrcht stjffs

8?

?0

MdnidhsmjDhme`lirìin sìps


>5

?;

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@yphrbjrcht

Eriohry stirhsUht/grhs` bjrcht

\moh nhjfhrs

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\moh nhjfhrs


Dhme`lirìin sìps

75

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H/_ Mdnmj\moh wìfhsjfhrs

Eriohry/privmsmid stirhs

7<

?>

LjdefjnhsÈriohry/privmsmid stirhs

\moh wìfhsjfhrs

8:

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Fiish rmoh(%)

[jocjeh(%)

Lit`(%)

0< :0 -

>= >> 5

?> 7< 8

0> :7 -

>0 >> 0

?< 7< 7



Bist prhghrrhn rmoh o`jrjothrmstmos

_ t fm mt tm



@iw wiufn yiu nhsormlh t`h trjmts ir o`jrjothrmstmos ig rmohw`mo` yiur gjbmfy prhghrs9

[fhjsh nhsormlh ti us t`h t`rhh bist mbpirtjdt o`jrjothrmstmos irtrjmts.

Mt ojd lh md thrbs ig hjtmde qujfmty, p`ysmojf o`jrjothrmstmos ig t`hudoiichn jdn oiichn rmoh, dutrmtmidjf lhdhgmts ir oiicmde qujfmty

_pidtjdhius hfmomtjtmid

Bist Mbpirtjdt1 YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY _hoidn1 YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY ^`mrn1 YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY

Ojvhjts 1:- Gir oidsubhrs, wh gioushn id qujfmty trjmts. [rmoh wjs dit gjotirhn md prhghrhdoh.

< - ^rjnh-iggs dit yht ojpturhn md vjrmhtjf prhghrhdoh girbjtmid. ^`ms ms pjrt ig guturh

jotmvmtmhs Jsshss trjnh-iggs md vjrmhtjf prhghrhdohs ig gjrbhrs jdn bmffhrs.



Wmsujf stmbufm whrh ushn ti vhrmgy smzhjdn s`jph_mzh _`jph



Wmnhi <

Mdmtmjf gmdnmdes1 Bist prhghrrhn rmoh o`jrjothrmstmos md



Mdmtmjf gmdnmdes1 Bist prhghrrhn rmoh o`jrjothrmstmos md_iut`hjst Jsmj

•^hxturh - _igt•Jribj - [jdnjd•Oifir - U`mth

•Oifir - U`mth•^hxturh - Bhffiw*•Jribj - [jdnjd

•^hxturh - _biit` •Oifir - U`mth•Jribj - _whht•Wifubh hxpjdsmid•_mzh - fide•U`ifh erjmds

•^hxturh - _tmocy & O`hwy•^hxturh - _igt•Oifir - U`mth

Ljsh1 [`mfmppmdhs d28;;3 Mdnidhsmj d28;;3 ^`jmfjdn d28;;3 Wmhtdjb d2?;;

*Bhffiw(Djsmdyj pufhd)1

oiblmdjtmid

ig sigt, o`hwy,

jdn dit stmocy

Mdmtmjf gmdnmdes1 Bist prhghrrhn rmoh o`jrjothrmstmos



Utn Ljsh1 H/_ Mdnmj d20<; SUhst Lhdejf d2?;;3 Jdn`rj [rjnhs` d2:783 ^jbmfdjnu d2?88RLjdefjnhs` d28;< SN`jcj d2<=73 C`ufdj d25<3 O`mttjeide d2:?>R

Mdmtmjf gmdnmdes1 Bist prhghrrhn rmoh o`jrjothrmstmosmd _iut` Jsmj

•Eiin tjsth •Oifir - U`mth•_`jph - _fhdnhr

•_mzh - _`irt3• Eiin ^jsth•Oifir - U`mth•_`jph - _fhdnhr

•Eiin ^jsth•Oifir - U`mth•Jribj - _whht*•Dutrmtmid -w/vmtjbmds•_`jph - _fhdnhr

•_mzh - Bhnmub •_`jph - _fhdnhr•Oifir - U`mth •Eiin tjsth

Hjst•_mzh - Bhnmub•Oifir - U`mth•_`jph - _fhdnhr •Jribj - _whht•Eiin tjsth

_iut`•_`jph - _fhdnhr•Oifir - U`mth•Eiin ^jsth

•^hxturh - _biit`•_mzh - Bhnmub

•_`jph - _fhdnhr•Oifir - U`mth•Eiin ^jsth

Mdmtmjf gmdnmdes1 Bist prhghrrhn rmoh o`jrjothrmstmos



Jdn`rj [rjnhs`•_`jph - _fhdnhr•_mzh - Bhnmub•Eiin tjsth

Utn Ljsh1 H/_ Mdnmj d20<; SUhst Lhdejf d2?;;3 Jdn`rj [rjnhs` d2:783 ^jbmfdjnu d2?88RLjdefjnhs` d28;< SN`jcj d2<=73 C`ufdj d25<3 O`mttjeide d2:?>R

Mdmtmjf gmdnmdes1 Bist prhghrrhn rmoh o`jrjothrmstmosmd _iut` Jsmj

^jbmf Djnu

•_mzh - Fide ti hxtrj fide•Eiin ^jsth •Oifir - U`mth•^hxturh - _biit`•_`jph - _fhdnhr

•Eiin tjsth •Oifir - U`mth•_`jph - _fhdnhr

•_mzh - Bhnmub •_`jph - _fhdnhr•Oifir - U`mth •Eiin tjsth

*Hfmomtmde sphomgmo jribj privhn ti lh j o`jffhdeh ‟ dhhn ti vhrmgy prhghrhdoh gir sphomgmo jribj (m.h. shdsiry hvjfujtmid)

Uhst Lhdejf•_mzh - Bhnmub•Oifir - U`mth•_`jph - _fhdnhr •Jribj - _whht*•Eiin tjsth •_mzh - _`irt3

• Eiin ^jsth•Oifir - U`mth•_`jph - _fhdnhr


•Eiin ^jsth•Oifir - U`mth•Jribj - _whht*•Dutrmtmid -w/vmtjbmds•_`jph - _fhdnhr



Oiudtry `me`fme`ts

Mdnmj1 [rhghrhdoh gir sphomgmo smzh jdn s`jph hvmnhdt3



Z;51 Diw, fht”s tjfc jliut rmoh o`jrjothrmstmos md ehdhrjf. @iw wiufn yiu nhsormlh t`h trjmts ir o`jrjothrmstmos ig rmoh w`mo` yiur

gjbmfy prhghrs9 [fhjsh nhsormlh ti us t`h t`rhh bist mbpirtjdt o`jrjothrmstmos ir trjmts. Mt ojd lh md thrbs ig hjtmde qujfmty, p`ysmojfo`jrjothrmstmos ig t`h udoiichn jdn oiichn rmoh, dutrmtmidjf lhdhgmts ir oiicmde qujfmty.

Ljsh1 Hjst Mdnmj d2?;;3 _iut` Mdnmj d28<;

_iomi-hoidibmo ofjsshs Hjst (d2?;;) _iut` (d28<;)

_HO J

(<?% ig Hjst3 d27=)

(<5% ig _iut`3 d2:><)

•_mzh ‟ Bhnmub•_`jph ‟ _fhdnhr•Oifir ‟ U`mth•Eiin tjsth

•_mzh ‟ Fide ti hxtrj fide•Oifir ‟ U`mth•Eiin tjsth•^hxturh ‟ _biit`(_`jph ‟ _fhdnhr)(_`jph ‟ Bhnmub)

_HO L

(<>% ig Hjst3 d25:)

(<=% ig _iut`3 d2:8:)

•_mzh ‟ Bhnmub

•_`jph ‟ _fhdnhr•Oifir ‟ U`mth•Eiin tjsth• Jribj ‟ _whht

•_`jph ‟ _fhdnhr•Oifir ‟ U`mth•Eiin tjsth•_mzh ‟ Bhnmub•^hxturh ‟ _biit`

_HO O/N

(8>% ig Hjst3 d2:7;)

(>>% ig _iut`3 d2<<7)

•_mzh ‟ Bhnmub

•Oifir ‟ U`mth• Jribj ‟ _whht

•_`jph ‟ _fhdnhr

•Eiin tjsth•Oifir ‟ U`mth

Mdnmj1 [rhghrhdoh gir sphomgmo smzh jdn s`jph hvmnhdt3`hthriehdhmty ojd lh ilshrvhn

^itjf•_mzh - Bhnmub•_`jph - _fhdnhr•Oifir - U`mth •Eiin tjsth

_iut`•_`jph - _fhdnhr•Oifir - U`mth•Eiin ^jsth •^hxturh -

_biit`•_mzh - Bhnmub

Hjst•_mzh - Bhnmub•Oifir - U`mth•_`jph - _fhdnhr•Jribj - _whht•Eiin tjsth

Hjst Mdnmj | Cifcjtj1 [rhghrhdoh gir smzh ojd lh nms`



Z;7l1 U`jt jrh t`h t`rhh bist prhghrrhn rmoh nms`hs ir nms`hs t`jt yiur gjbmfy hjts wmt` rmoh9 [fhjsh nhsormlh mt ti bh9Z;7n:1 [fhjsh thff bh, md yiur iwd wirns, t`h chy qujfmtmhs ig rmoh t`jt yiur gjbmfy prhghrs gir Sbhdtmid rhspidsh md Z;7lR.

Ljsh1 ^`ish w`i bhdtmidhn t`h nms` md Z;7l

Hjst Mdnmj | Cifcjtj1 [rhghrhdoh gir smzh ojd lh nms`-sphomgmo

Gurt`hr rhshjro` ms dhhnhn ti vhrmgy ‖jribj‒ ‟ m.h. shdsiry hvjfujtmid

*[ufji/[ufjv (vhehtjlfhs jrh jnnhn wmt` bjsjfj)3*Whehtjlfh grmhn rmoh (rmoh `jfg limfhn, grmhn, bjsjfj ojd lh jnnhn, nry grumts ojd lh jnnhn*Gir lit` nms`hs1 E`hh (ofjss ig ofjrmgmhn lutthr) jdn Ajeehry jrh jnnhn (j trjnmtmidjfudohdtrmguehn suejr)

Hjst•_mzh - Bhnmub•Oifir - U`mth•_`jph - _fhdnhr•Jribj - _whht•Eiin tjsth

[rhghrrhn trjmts[ufji/[ufjv

(?=% ig titjf Hjst)Whehtjlfh grmhn rmoh(??% ig titjf Hjst)

d2::7 d2:;;

% %

Jribj >: >>

jsth ?? <;

_mzh ‟ Fide <8 <8_`jph ‟

^`md/sfhdnhr:< ><

Oifir ‟ U`mth :< :0

Hjst Mdnmj | Cifcjtj1 [rhghrhdoh gir smzh ojd lh nms`



Z;7l1 U`jt jrh t`h t`rhh bist prhghrrhn rmoh nms`hs ir nms`hs t`jt yiur gjbmfy hjts wmt` rmoh9 [fhjsh nhsormlh mt ti bh9Z;7n:1 [fhjsh thff bh, md yiur iwd wirns, t`h chy qujfmtmhs ig rmoh t`jt yiur gjbmfy prhghrs gir Sbhdtmid rhspidsh md Z;7lR.

Ljsh1 ^ìsh wì bhdtmidhn t`h nms` md Z;7l

Ms t`hrh j pithdtmjf bjrcht shebhdt gir sìrt jdn lifn erjmds9

*[jyhs` ms bmfc-ljshn swhht/ rmohoiichn wmt` bmfc

-Bmfc & rmoh 1 Oufturjffy, mt ms juspmomiusgiin, hjthd md bist ig t`h rhfmemiusrmtujfs

- Mderhnmhdts1• E`hh (ofjss ig ofjrmgmhn lutthr)

• Ajeehry (j trjnmtmidjf udohdtrmguehnsuejr)

• Ojrnjbib (emdehr gjbmfy)• Bjsjfj/Bmro`m piwnhr/ûrbhrmo

piwnhr/Ejrjbj bjsjfj/Erhhd o`mffy/ Ourryfhjg/ljy fhjg

Hjst Mdnmj | Cifcjtj1 [rhghrhdoh gir smzh ojd lh nms`-sphomgmo

[rhghrrhn trjmts[jyhs`

(>;% ig titjf Hjst)

d2:<:

%

Jribj 5<Eiin tjsth >=

_mzh ‟ _ìrt >>

_`jph ‟ Lifn ??

Oifir ‟ U`mth ?;

Ljdefjnhs`1 Bist prhghrrhn o`jrjothrmstmos jrh



Z;51 Diw, fht”s tjfc jliut rmoh o`jrjothrmstmos md ehdhrjf. @iw wiufn yiu nhsormlh t`h trjmts ir o`jrjothrmstmos ig rmoh w`mo` yiur

gjbmfy prhghrs9 [fhjsh nhsormlh ti us t`h t`rhh bist mbpirtjdt o`jrjothrmstmos ir trjmts. Mt ojd lh md thrbs ig hjtmde qujfmty, p`ysmojfo`jrjothrmstmos ig t`h udoiichn jdn oiichn rmoh, dutrmtmidjf lhdhgmts ir oiicmde qujfmty.

Ljsh1 Jff rhspidnhdts (d28;<)

Ljdefjnhs`1 Bist prhghrrhn o`jrjothrmstmos jrhoidsmsthdt joriss urljd zidhs jdn _HO

_iomi-hoidibmo

ofjsshs

Bist prhghrrhn rmoh

o`jrjothrmstmos

_HO J

(:0% ig titjf3 d2=:)

•_`jph - _fhdnhr•Eiin jsth•Oifir - U`mth• Jribj - _whht

_HO L

(?>% ig titjf3 d2:5<)

•Eiin tjsth

•Oifir - U`mth

•_`jph - _fhdnhr

_HO O

(<5% ig titjf3 d2:?8)

•Eiin tjsth

•Oifir - U`mth

• Jribj - _whht

•_mzh - _`irt

•_`jph - _fhdnhr

_HO NH

(<:% ig titjf3 d2:;?)

•Eiin tjsth

•Oifir - U`mth•_`jph - _fhdnhr

•Eiin tjsth •Oifir - U`mth

•_`jph - _fhdnhr

•_mzh - _`irt3• Eiin ^jsth•Oifir - U`mth•_`jph - _fhdnhr

•Eiin ^jsth

•Oifir - U`mth•Jribj - _whht*•Dutrmtmid -w/vmtjbmds•_`jph - _fhdnhr


^`jmfjdn1 U`mo` shebhdt prhghrs ‖vifubh hxpjdsmid‒



^`jmfjdn1 U`mo` shebhdt prhghrs vifubh hxpjdsmid

jdn w`jt jrh t`h nmgghrhdt jssiomjtmid ig jribj9

Bist prhghrrhn rmoh o`jrjothrmstmos

ELCC (d2<?<)

O`mjdebjm (d2::?)

Cìd Cjhd (d2::?)

^hxturh -_biit`

^hxturh -_biit`

^hxturh -_biit`

Oifir - U`mth _mzh - Fide Uìfh chrdhfs

Jribj- _whht

Jribj- _whht

Jribj- Dhwfy `jrvhsthn

Wifubh hxpjdsmid- Erjmds hxpjdn upid

oiicmdeOifir - U`mth Oifir - U`mth

îtjf ^`jmfjdn•^hxturh - _biit`•Oifir - U`mth• Jribj - _whht

•Wifubh hxpjdsmid•_mzh - fide•Uìfh erjmds

^`jmfjdn1 Wifubh hxpjdsmid js prhghrrhn



^`jmfjdn1 Wifubh hxpjdsmid js prhghrrhno`jrjothrmstmo ig gjbmfmhs md _HO L jdn _HO O

_iomi-hoidibmo

ofjsshsBist prhghrrhn rmoh o`jrjothrmstmos

_HO J(5% ig îtjf3 d2?5)

•^hxturh ‟ _biit`•Jribj ‟ _whht•Oifir ‟ U`mth•_mzh ‟ Fide

_HO L

(:<% ig îtjf3 d27;)

•^hxturh ‟ _biit`•Jribj ‟ _whht•Oifir ‟ U`mth•_mzh ‟ Fide

•Wifubh hxpjdsmid - Erjmds hxpjdn upid oiicmde

_HO O

(>0% ig îtjf3 d2<?=)

•^hxturh ‟ _biit`

•Oifir ‟ U`mth

•Wifubh hxpjdsmid - Erjmds hxpjdn upid oiicmde

•Uìfh erjmds

•Jribj ‟ _whht

• Jribj ‟ Dhwfy `jrvhsthn

_HO NH

(??% ig îtjf3 d2:7?)

•^hxturh ‟ _biit`

•_mzh ‟ Fide

•Oifir ‟ U`mth

îtjf ^`jmfjdn•^hxturh - _biit`•Oifir - U`mth• Jribj - _whht•Wifubhhxpjdsmid

•_mzh - fide•Uìfh erjmds

^`jmfjdn1 ‖swhht‒ jdn ‖dhw `jrvhst‒



^`jmfjdn1 swhht jdn dhw `jrvhst

jrh jssiomjthn wmt` jribj

_iomi-hoidibmo ofjsshsBist prhghrrhn rmoho`jrjothrmstmos

_HO J

(5% ig îtjf3 d2?5) •Jribj - _whht

_HO L

(:<% ig îtjf3 d27;) •Jribj - _whht

_HO O(>0% ig îtjf3 d2<?=)

•Jribj - _whht

•Jribj - Dhwfy jrvhsthn

_HO NH

(??% ig îtjf3 d2:7?)•Dit j prmirmty

îtjf1Jribj - _whht

ELCC1Jribj - _whht

O`mjdebjm1Jribj - _whht

Cìd Cjhd1Jribj - Dhwfy`jrvhsthn

Gurt`hr rhshjro` ms dhhnhn ti vhrmgy ‖jribj‒ ‟ m.h. shdsiry hvjfujtmid

[`mfmppmdhs1 îtjf Jwjrhdhss



[`mfmppmdhs1@iw ni oidsubhrs rhghrti rmoh9

[`mfmppmdhs (d28;;) Jwjrhdhss

Ly lrjdn djbh 7<%

Ly ‖vjrmhty‒ :;;%

Ly typh =:%

^rjnh djbh 85%

(ÎB+it`hr

bhdtmids+jmnhn)

îtjf Ljsh 8;;

%

Ly

‖Wjrmhty‒

‖_mdjdnibhde‒ =:

‖Nmdirjni‒ 7?

Bmfjerisj 8: Jdehfmcj >7

5 iddhr <7

Nmdirjni (\hn) <;

M\7> :7

Ly ^yph

Lriwd rmoh 7=

Ajsbmdh rmoh 7;

\hn rmoh ><

Irejdmo rmoh <7

Lrjdn

djbhs

_jbpjeumtj ?=

Fide erjmds <;

Mviry :>

\iyjf Mviry :>

Ojfmgirdmj [rhbmub

:>

Bjsmpje ::

Jbljssjnir :;

Ajpjdhsh _jsjdms`cm :;

Xdofh _jb 0

Ly ^rjnh

djbh

Ejdjnir :5

DGJ =

Ljdjy Ljdjy 0

îp ig bmdn1Z:;1 U`jt typhs/lrjdns/vjrmhtmhs/fjlhfs ig rmoh `jvh yiu shhdir `hjrn ig9 [fhjsh bhdtmid jff tìsh t`jt oibh ti bmdn. (_J)It`hr bhdtmids1Z::1 U`jt it`hr typhs/lrjdns/vjrmhtmhs/fjlhfs ig rmoh jvh yiushhd ir `hjrn ig9 U`jt it`hrs9 (BJ)

Jmnhn jwjrhdhssZ:<1 U`mo` ig t`hsh jrh yiu jwjrh ig9 (BJ)

[`mfmppmdhs1 Ni oidsubhrs hjt w`jt t`hy prhghr9



Jwjrhdhss ig oidsubhrs

Ly ‖vjrmhty‒ :;;%

[`mfmppmdhs1 Ni oidsubhrs hjt w`jt t`hy prhghr9

Jwjrhdhss Bist igthdoidsubhn

Oidvhrsmid Bist prhghrrhn ig tìsh wì rheufjrfy oidsubh t`h vjrmhty

% % %‖_mdjdnibhde‒ =: <= ?< d2:>8 _jbh ‖vjrmhty‒

(7;%)It`hr vjrmhty -Nmdirjni (:7%)

It`hr typh-Ajsbmdh (:?%)

‖Nmdirjni‒ 7? < ?Bmfjerisj 8: : <

Jdehfmcj ?: :> >8 d25: _jbh vjrmhty(88%)

It`hr vjrmhty -Nmdirjni (:;%),_mdjdnibhde(0%)

It`hr typh-Ajsbmdh (:8%)

5 iddhr <7 <; 55 d2:;< _jbh vjrmhty(==%)

It`hr vjrmhty ‟ _mdjdnibhde (:%)

5 îddhr `js `me` hqumty md Njvji1(d2:>: jwjrh ig jdy vjrmhty)

Jwjrhdhss1 =<%Bist igthd oidsubhn1 5<%Bist prhghrrhn1 5<%

U`mo` vjrmhty `js `me` hqumty jbide oidsubhrs9

Z:8. U`mo` ig t`hsh ni yiu luy gir /shrvh ti yiur gjbmfy bist igthd9 (_J)Z:5. Mg t`h prmoh ms dit j oidsmnhrjtmid jdn jff t`h typhs/lrjdns/vjrmhtmhs/fjlhfs ig rmoh whrhjvjmfjlfh ti yiu...w`mo` IDH wiufn yiu lh bist fmchfy ti oìish9

Z:;1 U`jt typhs/lrjdns/vjrmhtmhs/fjlhfs ig rmoh `jvh yiu shhd ir `hjrn ig9 [fhjshbhdtmid jff tìsh t`jt oibh ti bmdn. (_J)Z::1 U`jt it`hr typhs/lrjdns/vjrmhtmhs/fjlhfs ig rmoh `jvh yiu shhd ir `hjrn ig9 U`jtit`hrs9 (BJ)Z:<1 U`mo` ig t`hsh jrh yiu jwjrh ig9 (BJ)

[`mfmppmdhs1 U`mo` bjrcht shebhdt ms tjpphn ly



Jwjrhdhss ig oidsubhrs

Ly typh =:%

[`mfmppmdhs1 U`mo` bjrcht shebhdt ms tjpphn lyAjsbmdh9

Jwjrhdhss Bist igthdoidsubhn

d2>8> % %

Lriwd \moh 55 ;Ajsbmdh rmoh 75 7

\hn rmoh >7 ;

Irejdmo rmoh <= :

Bhtri Bjdmfj (d2<<< jwjrh ig jdy typh)Ajsbmdh

Jwjrhdhss1 0:%Bist igthd oidsubhn1 :<%

Bist prhghrrhn1 7%

Ajsbmdh@me`hst jwjrhdhss md Bhtri Bjdmfj3 _HO JLO:/O<Bist igthd oidsubhn md Bhtri Bjdmfj3 _HO JLO:[rhghrrhn md Bhtri Bjdmfj3 me`hst jbide _HO JLO:

Z:8. U`mo` ig t`hsh ni yiu luy gir /shrvh ti yiur gjbmfy bist igthd9 (_J)Z:5. Mg t`h prmoh ms dit j oidsmnhrjtmid jdn jff t`h typhs/lrjdns/vjrmhtmhs/fjlhfs ig rmoh whrh jvjmfjlfh ti yiu...w`mo` IDH wiufn yiu lh bist fmchfy tioìish9

Z:;1 U`jt typhs/lrjdns/vjrmhtmhs/fjlhfs ig rmoh `jvh yiu shhd ir `hjrn ig9 [fhjsh bhdtmid jff tìsh t`jt oibh ti bmdn. (_J)Z::1 U`jt it`hr typhs/lrjdns/vjrmhtmhs/fjlhfs ig rmoh `jvh yiu shhd ir `hjrn ig9 U`jt it`hrs9 (BJ)Z:<1 U`mo` ig t`hsh jrh yiu jwjrh ig9 (BJ)

Wmhtdjb1 Uì jrh t`h bjrcht ‖pfjyhrs‒ grib oidsubhrs”



Wmhtdjb1 Uì jrh t`h bjrcht pfjyhrs grib oidsubhrs

stjdnpimdt9

Jwjrhdhss, Oidsubptmid,

Wjrmhty/lrjdn/ typh/trjnhdjbh

îtjf

jwjrhdhss

Oidsubhn

bist igthd

(Md %) (Md %)

@i O`m Bmd` Omt y (d2:0?)

^ìb Fjm (^yph - Ajsbmdh) 0? =

jm deuyhd Oì Nji (Lrjdn ir trjnh ‟ Jribjtmo) 7= :8

^ìb `jm (Lrjdn ir trjnh ‟ Jribjtmo) 7> :<

Eji 7>/M\ 7> (Wjrmhty ‟ Did-jribjtmo) 7< =

jm deuyhd Fide Jd (Lrjdn ir trjnh ‟ Jribjtmo) 7< =

@jdim (d2::5)

jb Nmhd Lmhd (Lrjdn ir trjnh ‟ Jribjtmo) =5 <:

jb @jm @ju (Lrjdn ir trjnh ‟ Jribjtmo) =5 ?

Ljo @uide (Wjrmhty ‟ Jribjtmo) 00 87

jb t`jm (Lrjdn ir trjnh ‟ Jribjtmo) <: 5



Chy tjch-iuts

Chy tjch-iuts



Chy tjch iuts• Bist prhghrrhn rmoh o`jrjothrmstmos vjry ly oiudtry (hxohpt gir

w`mthdhss).

‟ _iut`hjst Jsmj1 Oibbidjfmtmhs - w`mthdhss jdn thxturh jflhmt nmgghrhdt typhsig thxturh ([@-sigt3 MN-djsmdyj pufhd3 ^@-sbiit`3 WD-stmocy & o`hwy)

‟ _iut` Jsmj1 Oibbidjfmtmhs - w`mthdhss jdn eiin tjsth• Ljdefjnhs`1 Eiin tjsth, w`mth, sfhdnhr - Oibbid o`jrjothrmstmos

prhghrrhn joriss urljd zidhs jdn _HO

• H/_ Mdnmj1 Bhnmub smzh, sfhdnhr, w`mthdhss, eiin tjsth - Mbpirtjdoh igsmzh jdn s`jph hvmnhdt vs _HJ.

‟ Hjst1 bhnmub smzh, sfhdnhr3 Jdn`rj [rjnhs`1 bhnmub smzh, sfhdnhr 3

^jbmfdjnu1 fide ti hxtrj fide, sfhdnhr• Mdnmj1 Bist nmvhrsh ‟ rmoh prhghrhdohs vjry ly stjth, _HO jdn nms`hs

• Ippirtudmtmhs hxmst md sphomgmo shebhdts

‟ Hjst Mdnmj js pithdtmjf bjrcht gir ‖s`irt & lifn‒ erjmds gir [jyhs`

‟ ^`jmfjdn1 ‖Erjmd hxpjdsmid‒ gir t`h ‖bmnnfh ofjss‒ (_HO O)

‟ [`mfmppmdhs1 (O`jrjothrmstmos ig) Ajsbmdh prhghrrhn ly ‖upphr ofjss‒ md Bhtri

Bjdmfj

• Jribj js prhghrrhn rmoh o`jrjothrmstmo lut it`hr bht`inifiey ms dhhnhnti vhrmgy sphomgmo typh

‟ ‖_whht‒ jribj md Hjst Mdnmj ‟ udofhjr mg jssiomjtmid phrtjmds ti t`h nms` ir ti rmoh.

‟ ^`jm oidsubhrs jvh nmgghrhdt jssiomjtmid ig ‖jribj‒ (dhwfy-`jrvhst vs swhht)

Chy tjch-iuts



Chy tjch-iuts

• \hsufts1 Idh sthp ofishr ti privmnmde mdputs ti lrhhnhrs md t`hmrnhvhfipbhdt ig prinuot prigmfhs ly rhemid.

‟ ^`h mnhdtmgmhn rmoh o`jrjothrmstmos bjy lh trhjthn js bmdmbub rhqumrhbhdt girsphomgmo oiudtry/shebhdt gir vjrmhtjf nhvhfipbhdt.

Ghw sthps birh sthps dhhnhn1

‟ ^rjnh iggs dhhn ti lh hxjbmdhn (m.h. jeridibmo trjmts vs erjmd qujfmty) ti gjomfmtjthprmirmtmzjtmid md vjrmhtjf nhvhfipbhdt.

‟ Nhbjdn gir erjmd qujfmty trjmts

• \hsufts1 Mdput ti lrijnhr vjfuh o`jmd (WO) jdjfyshs - jfide wmt`stjochn survhys id rmoh vjfuh o`jmd jotirs.



Dhxt sthps

Iur dhxt sthps



Oidsubhrs<;:>1 Gurt`hr njtj jdjfysms phr oiudtry jdn oriss-oiudtry oibpjrmsids

-Jnnmtmidjf jdjfyshs1 [uro`jsh nrmvhr3 prhghrhdoh nrmvhrs, hto.

<;:>1 \urjf survhys md Ljdefjnhs`<;:81 Jnnmtmidjf rurjf survhys md Mdnmj3

p

Oiudtry rhpirts• \moh prhghrhdohs ig vjfuh o`jmd jotirs

• Wjfuh o`jmd bjps1 Fmdcjehs jbide WO jotirs• Ippirtudmtmhs, mssuhs, oidstrjmdts, tho`dmojf ejps• Oriss-outtmde rhshjro` t`hbhs mbpjotmde prhghrhdohs1 stjdnjrns,lrjdnmde, vjfuh o`jmd uperjnmde, vhrtmojf oiirnmdjtmid/mdtherjtmid

^\L Cmoc-igg Bhhtmde (8 Ghlrujry <;:>)



<;:? <;:> <;:8 <;:7

XrljdLN (? omtmhs)MD (7 omtmhs)

Oidsubhrsurvhys

XrljdMD (< omtmhs, oibpfhthn)

\urjfMD (Inms`j, ULhdejf3

oibpfhthn)

LN (pfjddhn)

_urvhy id rmohWO jotirs

MD (Inms`j,Uhst Lhdejf)

LN (\jdepur,Nmdjapur, Cùfdj,Ahssirh)

\moh WOstjchìfnhrs

wircsìpLN, MD

Ohdtrjf fiojtmidthst LN MD

Hstmbjth ig nhbjdn jdnpithdtmjf bjrcht smzh gir

sphomgmo trjmts (jdn oiblmdjtmids)ly bjrcht shebhdt

Oiudtry/rhemid lrmhgs subbjrmzmde

chy gmdnmdes

^mbhfmdh

Jdjfysms &

rhpirt wrmtmde

LN ‟ Ljdefjnhs`

MD ‟ Mdnmj

\urjfMD (It`hr stjths)

MD (It`hr stjths)

^`jdc yiu



^`jdc yiu

Bjrcht rhshjro` md jot mid

^`ms prhshdtjtmid ojd lh vmhwhn idfmdh1



^`ms prhshdtjtmid ojd lh vmhwhn idfmdh1

`ttps1//smths.eiiefh.oib/j/mrrm.ire/siomjf-somhdohs-nmvmsmid/priahot-upnjths

how well do you know rice consumers? a glimpse on preferences and habits of urban rice consumers in...

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