how were you able to smell the perfume?. movement of substances diffusion osmosis
TRANSCRIPT
How were you able to smell the perfume?
Movement of Substances
Diffusion Osmosis
Diffusion
Lets Recap from Chemistry…3 particle states of matter
Solid Liquid Gas
Diffusion
What is the particle arrangement and motion?
Definition:
1)The net movement of particles
2)from a region of higher concentration
3)to a region of lower concentration
Diffusion
High concentration Low concentration
Diffusion in liquid state
: Ink dye
: Water molecules
Diffusion in liquid state
: Ink dye
: Water molecules
Diffusion in gaseous state
: Perfume molecules: Air molecules
Diffusion in gaseous state
: Perfume molecules: Air molecules
Net Movement
Note: This barrier does not illustrate a partially permeable membrane.
Net Movement
EquilibriumWhen particles reaches an equilibrium, does the
particles stop moving?
Hint: Particles move in a random and dynamic motion.
ExamplesMovement of
substances in and out of amoeba cells
Movement of CO2
and O2 in and out of lung cells
Movement of nitrates in and out of root hair cells
Can you think of any other diffusion that
happens in your daily life?
Concentrated sucrose solution
1.What will happen to the eggs?2. Is this diffusion? If not what is
this process called?
Movement of Substances
Diffusion Osmosis
Net movement of particles from a region of high concentration
to a region of low concentration, down
the concentration gradient.
includes
definition
1) Liquid/ Gas particles move from region of high concentration to low concentration2) Movement of particles is random and dynamic in equilibrium (net)3) Concentration gradient4) Examples of diffusion
Key Ideas:
Osmosis
OsmosisDefinition:
The movement of water molecules
through a partially permeable membrane
from a solution of high water potential,
to a solution of lower water potential.
: sucrose
:water molecules
Partially permeable membrane
Partially Permeable Membrane
Permeable Membrane•Allows both the solvent (water) and the solutes ( dissolved substances to pass through)
•Equal concentration of all ions in both sides of the membrane.
•Eg: Cell Wall of plant cells
•Allows some substances to pass through but not others.
•Unequal concentration of ions in both sides of the membrane
•Eg: Cell membrane in plant and animal cells.
: sucrose
:water molecules
Partially permeable membrane
The movement of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane
•Only water molecules passes through the partially permeable membrane (sucrose solution too big to pass through the partially permeable membrane).
Osmosis in living organisms
Plant Cells Animal Cells
Plant cell behaves differently from animal cell when placed in solutions with differing water potentials.
•Due to presence of cell wall in plants.
Osmosis in plant cellFully permeable: allows most dissolved substances to pass through
Cell surface membrane is a partially permeable membrane
Plant cell in High water potential
1. Cell vacuole has lower water potential compared to solutions outside cell
2. Water enters cell by osmosis.
3. Vacuole increases in size, pushes against cell wall
4. Cell wall exerts opposing pressure (against turgor pressure)
5. Plant cell expands and become turgid (cell does not bursts) Turgor
Osmosis in living organisms
Plant Cells Animal Cells
Plant cell behaves differently from animal cell when placed in solutions with differing water potentials.
•Due to presence of cell wall in plants.
Animal cell in High water potential
1. Cytoplasm has lower water potential compared to solution outside cell
2. Water enters by osmosis
3. Animal cell will swell and may bursts as it does not have a cell wall to protect it.
Movement of Substances
Diffusion Osmosis Active Transport
Net movement of particles from a region of high
concentration to a region of low concentration,
down the concentration gradient.
includes
definition
1) Liquid/ Gas particles move from region of high concentration to low concentration2) Movement of particles is random and dynamic in equilibrium (net)3) Concentration gradient4) Examples of diffusion
Key Ideas:
The movement of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane from a
solution of high water potential, to a solution
of lower water potential.
definition
1) Only water molecules2) Partially permeable membrane3) High water potential to low water potential4) Hypertonic & hypotonic5) Osmosis in living cells6) SA to Vol ratio7) Adaptations
Key Ideas:
Opposites!
Movement of Substances
Diffusion Osmosis Active Transport
Net movement of particles from a region of high
concentration to a region of low concentration,
down the concentration gradient.
includes
definition
1) Liquid/ Gas particles move from region of high concentration to low concentration2) Movement of particles is random and dynamic in equilibrium (net)3) Concentration gradient4) Examples of diffusion
Key Ideas:
The movement of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane from a
solution of high water potential, to a solution of lower water potential.
definition
1) Only water molecules2) Partially permeable membrane3) High water potential to low water potential4) Hypertonic & hypotonic5) Osmosis in living cells6) SA to Vol ratio7) Adaptations
Key Ideas:
Energy is used to move particles against
concentration gradient ( from a region of low
concentration to a region of higher
concentration) , up a concentration
gradient.Key Ideas:
1) Requires energy2) From low to high3) Only in living cell4) Active transport in living cells
definition