how wireless healthcare systems benefit from 5g

How wireless healthcare systems benefit from 5G?

Dr Mona Ghassemian

17th October 2016- Tehran- Iran

http://en.sbu.ac.ir/sitepages/home.aspx

http://www.kcl.ac.uk/index.aspx

http://facultymembers.sbu.ac.ir/ghassemian/esense-research-lab

http://www.ctr.kcl.ac.uk/

Wireless healthcare systems

Wireless Health is the integration of wireless technology

into traditional medicine as well as other tools that can help

individuals improve their personal health and wellbeing.

What will the role of 5G technology be to

complete the infrastructure?

Why now?

- the wireless healthcare building blocks of automation

- IoT & Machine-to-Machine platforms to enable smart city concept,

- working towards establishing standards for healthcare systems.

2Dr Mona Ghassemian / How wireless healthcare systems benefit from 5G?

Healthcare requirements

Source: http://www.nsf.gov

• Protecting patient privacy,

• Safe critical care,

• Legitimate anytime/anywhere access to health services,

• Community-wide health awareness & maintenance,

• Better and more efficient delivery of health services,

• Matching the mental model of users, for appropriate

personal decisions & choices,

• Continuous monitoring and real-time, customised

feedback on health.


http://www.nsf.gov/

Stakeholders for healthcare systems

Primary endpoints: hospital and emergency room admission, mortality.

Secondary endpoints: patient quality of life, satisfaction and functional

performance, adherance to the treatment, cost analysis, and usability.

Stakeholders

Monitoring of chronic

patients.

Monitoring of early

discharged patients.

Monitoring of high risk

patients.

Acute care.

Monitoring elderly

health & wellbeing.

Medical record

assessment &

decision.…

…


+

+

Event capture and filtering fortimely response

Any to any linkage of people,process, and systems

Deep discovery, analysis andforecasting

=

Left: IBM Smarter cities (2009)Right: Frost & Sullivan

Intelligent

Interconnected

Instrumented

Smart City - Components


mHealth industry market size

Source: www.statista.com/statistics/295771/mhealth-global-market-size/

from 2012 to 2020 (in billion U.S. dollars)*


IoT in healthcare market to be worth $409.9 Billion by 2022

Source: grand view research

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Much of the connections to be supported by 5G.

Life-critical healthcare services cannot be delivered

over unreliable connections.

Dr Mona Ghassemian / How wireless healthcare systems benefit from 5G?

http://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/internet-of-things-iot-healthcare-market

From a technology standpoint, what does 5G mean?

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• Enhanced mobile broadband with lightning fast data rates

as high as 10 Gbps,

• Ultra-reliable networks with 10,000x the capacity of

today’s networks,

• Ultra-low latency for real time applications,

• Massive amounts of IoT connections, potentially up to 50

billion sensor-enabled devices,

• Dedicated technologies enabling ultra-long life batteries

for IoT sensor networks.


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With 5G, we will

• increase the data rate,

• reduce the end-to-end latency,

• improve coverage, and

• maintain a reliable connection.

5G will become the backbone of the Internet of Things,

linking up fixed and mobile devices becoming part of a

new industrial and economic revolution.

Healthcare devices must connect to networks and the

cloud in ways that are interoperable and secure.

The 5G network, the Internet of Things, and the wireless healthcare systems


Data com. platforms

/ 5G …

Wireless Medical Body Area Network

(MBAN)

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/5G ..


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by Component (Medical Device, System, Software, Services),

by Connectivity Technology (Wi-Fi, ZigBee, NFC, Cellular, Satellite),

by Application (Telemedicine, In Patient Monitoring, Clinical Operation,

Connected Imaging, Medication Management, Tele Surgery),

by End-User (Hospitals, Clinics, Research, Diagnostic Laboratories)

Pic source: L. van Dyk, A review of telehealth service implementation frameworks.

Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014;11(2):1279-98. PMID: 24464237

Wireless Healthcare Market Analysis


Legal issues:

Accreditation of the devices and applications

Protection of health related data

Privacy, security and encryption of data

Medical responsibilities / liability

Quality of service

Network related issues: handoff, interruption/delays in

transmission, data loss bandwidth problems

Social acceptance

Health risks (cell phone usage), economic issues,

ethical issues

Market barriers


Interoperability, integration

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Market barriers


Biomolecular Sensing: Nanowire sensors, DNA microarrays, Low-power solid-state chemical sensors, Carbon-nano tube sensorsImaging: Camera, Radio Frequency Imaging,…Bioelectric Sensing: electrocardiography (ECG) for the heart, electroencephalography (EEG) for the brain, electromyography

(EMG) for muscles, …

Medical sensor types

- P.M. Ajayan, O.Z. Zhou, “Applications of Carbon Nanotubes”, Topics in Applied Physics, pp. 391-425, 2001.- S.M. Ushaa, M. Madhavilatha, G. Madhusudhan Rao, “Design and analysis of nanowire sensor array for prostate cancerdetection” International Journal of Nano and Biomaterials 3(3) pp.239 – 255, 2011.


Portable: Sensors that are embedded in the user’s

smartphone.

Implantable: implantable miniature sensors

and “nanosensors”.

Ambient monitoring: Sensors placed in the

environment to monitor/report patients’ activities.

Wearable: Sensors that are embedded in some

type of garments. Monitors (e.g., wireless

accelerometers, blood pressure and glucose monitors)

Medical sensor categories

*Pic Ref: Mona Ghassemian, et.al: Remote Elderly Assisted Living System-A

preliminary research, development and evaluation. PIMRC 2011: 2219-2223

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[*]


Heart-sensing bra (Numetrex)

Biosensing underwear

(U of San Diego research)

Wearable Monitoring Systems

Aka “connected clothes”

“biosensing textiles”

“medical textiles”

“smart fabrics”

“wearable computing”

“wearable technology”

EMG sensors (King’s College London

research)


Wearable Glucose sensor

• A noninvasive, painless method of glucose testing for glucose control while reducing complications and overall disease management costs.

• The smart contact lens team at Google has put together the existing electrochemical technology of a continuous glucose monitor (CGM), a soft contact lens, a chip (about the size of a piece of glitter), and an embedded antenna.

http://www.leeds.ac.uk/news/article/3723/noninvasive_device_could_end_daily_finger_pricking_for_people_with_diabetesLiao, H. Yao, "A 3- CMOS Glucose Sensor for Wireless Contact-Lens Tear Glucose Monitoring", IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol.47 , Issue: 1, 2012. http://diatribe.org/issues/60/new-now-next/1#sthash.iaxuihoC.dpuf


Wearable Electrocardiograph (ECG)

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The most common type of ECG involves the

connection of several leads to a patient’s

chest, arms, and leg via adhesive foam pads.

IMEC wireless, flexible, stretchable ECG and

EMG patch for continuous cardiac monitoring

Noncontact wearable ECG device

Sense Tex co. prototype.

Y.M Chi, and G. Cawenberghs, ‘Wireless non-contact cardiac and neural monitoring,” Int Conf on

Body Sensor Networks (BSN), pp. 297-301, 2010


THM

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Smart homes / smart hospitals


Mysphera

Largest Real time

location of

patients, staff or

assets in Europe..

Sensor data rates

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Sensor Topology Data rate

Accelerometer/gyroscope Star High

Blood glucose Star High

Blood pressure Star Low

CO2 gas sensor Star Very low

ECG Star High

EEG Star High

EMG Star Very high

Pulse oximetry Star Low

Respiratory rate Star Very Low

Humidity Star Very Low

Temperature Star Very Low

Image/video P2P Very high

Very High: More than 500 kbps, High: 10 to 500 kbps,

Low: 0.1 to 10 kbps, Very Low: Less than 0.1 kbpsDr Mona Ghassemian / How wireless healthcare systems benefit from 5G?

Healthcare system traffic

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M. Z. Shafiq, L. Ji, A. X. Liu, J. Pang , and J. Wang, "A first look at cellular machine-to-machine traffic: large scale

measurement and characterization," ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review, v.40 n.1, June 2012, pp. 65-76.


Communication Architecture

Ref: Min Chen, Sergio Gonzalez, Athanasios Vasilakos, Huasong Cao, Victor C M Leung, “Body Area Networks: A

Survey”, Mobile Networks and Applications, 2010.


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Tactile Internet

ITU-T Technology Watch Report (August 2014)


SOURCE: Peter R. Egli, 2015, http://www.slideshare.net/PeterREgli/lpwan

IoT wireless technologies

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Standard BWPower

Consumption

Protocol

Stack SizeStronghold Applications

Wi-FiUp to 54

Mbps

40mA TX,

Standby 0.2 mA100+KB High data rate

Internet browsing, PC networking,

file transfers

Bluetooth 1 Mbps40mA TX,

Standby 0.2mA~100+KB

Interoperability,

cable

replacement

Wireless USB, handset, headset

Bluetooth

4.0 (LE)~300 kbps

10 mA TX,

Standby 0.024

mA

250 KB

Low cost, Ability

to run for years

on standard

coin-cell

batteries

Healthcare, fitness, security, and

home entertainment industries

802.15.4 /

802.15.4j250Kbps

30mA TX,

standby 356mA34KB/14KB

Long battery

life, low cost

Remote control, battery-operated

products, sensors/

Medical body area network

(MBAN)


Wireless technologies for MBAN

Standard Frequency BW Stronghold Applications

802.15.6

2.4GHz, 800MHz, 900MHz, 400MHz

75.9 Kbps (narrowband) up to

15.6 Mbps ultra wide band

Low cost, high reliability, ultra-low power & short range wireless comm on

or around the human body

Medical (Wearable Health Monitoring)

Non-Medical (Real Time Streaming, Entertainment, Sport, military applications)

802.11ah Sub 1 GHz150 Kbps up to 78

Mbps depending on MCS and BW

ultra-low power,long range coverage,

backward compatibility with 802.11

Smart sensors and meters,Backhaul aggregation,

Extended range hotspot and cellular offloading

Wireless technologies for MBAN


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LPWA IoT and legacy LTE connectivity

Nokia white paper- LTE evolution for IoT connectivity white paper


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Nokia white paper- LTE evolution for IoT connectivity white paper

Race for the IoT connectivity standards


Will 5G be the only network?

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Besides the evolution of licensed LTE technologies like NB-IoT,

LTE-M and 5G, unlicensed LPWA technologies like LoRa,

Ingenu, Sigfox aim to provide low bandwidth, low power and long

range coverage that promise to connect tens of billions of

devices in the coming years.

Technologies such as LoRa and Sigfox have one major benefit

over their cellular competitors— early mover advantage.

Services like LTE-M, EC-GSM, narrowband NB-LTE and 5G are

still a number of years away from industrialisation and wide-

stream adoption.

5G will become the backbone of the Internet of Things.


Contact:

Dr Mona Ghassemian

[email protected]

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ghassemian

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Thanks for your attention!

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mailto:[email protected]

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http://facultymembers.sbu.ac.ir/ghassemian/esense-research-lab

http://www.ctr.kcl.ac.uk/