HPAI in Indonesia

Dr. Elly Sawitri SiregarCoordinator, HPAI Campaign Management Unit

Directorate of Animal HealthDGLS, MoA

H5N1 HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN INDONESIA: CURRENT SITUATION

FAO Rome, 27 - 29 June 2007

Overview

BackgroundCurrent HPAI situationNational Strategic Plan for ControlAn accelerated approachProblems encountered

Poultry Numbers

• Total Population 1.5 billion • Standing population 600m

– Village chicken 300m (~600m annually)– Layer 100m– Broiler 175m (>1b annually) – Duck 35m

(plus others – quail, pigeon, goose…)

Source : Statistik Peternakan (2005)

HPAI Disease Situation

• First identified in late 2003• 31/33 provinces have confirmed cases (243/444

districts)• HPAI incidence varies across the country

– Endemic in Java, Sumatra and S Sulawesi– Lower incidence in eastern provinces– Both commercial and village poultry– Chickens, quails and ducks affected

• Human AI cases since 15 June 2005– 80 fatalities from 100 cases (16 June 07)– Concentrated around Jakarta and western Java

HPAI detections by district January - March 2007

HPAI was detected in 122 districts (of 444 districts) in first quarter 2007

Source: The Directorate General of Livestock Services

Location of PDS InterviewsJan-March 2007

Location of PDS Confirmed Outbreaks (Jan-March 2007)

2006 - National Strategic Plan• ‘National Strategic Work Plan for the Progressive Control

of HPAI in Animals 2006-2008’ developed with FAO assistance

• 9 elements :1. Campaign Management2. Enhancement of HPAI Control3. Surveillance and epidemiology4. Diagnostic laboratory services5. Animal quarantine services6. Regulation7. Communication8. R & D9. Poultry Industry Restructuring

• Strategy remains valid

• Good progress has been made, particularly

- Management – Komnas, MoA, CMU, RMU, LDCC

- Surveillance – PDS/R, DICs, Prov/District Livestock Services,

Universities – (PDS/R integrated with DSO/MoH - establishment

phase)

- Laboratories – real time PCR at DICs and RIVS

- Communications – coherent programmes, AI village cadre

• But

- Little evidence of HPAI incidence being reduced

- Ongoing human exposure and cases

- Ongoing impact on people, communities, industry...

2006 - National Strategic Plan

Proposed: An Accelerated Control Programme

• A continuum– Not a change of strategy but an acceleration

• Core Programme– The existing programme– Continue to strengthen management, communications, surveillance and

control • Accelerated Programme

– Aggressively attack high incidence areas (human and poultry)– Risk mitigation– Greater use of vaccination– Modify industry activity, trade patterns, behaviour

• Consultation on 13/14 June– General consensus from GoI and international experts– Need to refine and develop a costed operational plan– But where are the resources to implement?

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PHASED IMPLEMENTATION OF

AN ACCELERATED CONTROL PROGRAMME

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Avian Influenza Cases

Endemic HPAI

Lower Incidence

Immediate Objectives

1. Protect free areas

2. Eliminate disease from low incidence areas

3. Reduce incidence in endemic areas

Challenges

• Improve quarantine and public awareness to protect free areas

• Increase surveillance sensitivity and effective timely response in low incidence areas– No vaccination

• Reduce virus transmission in endemic areas– Early detection and response– Biosecurity of markets, commercial industry, villages– Vaccination– Consistent and rigorous response to outbreaks

Constraints

• Large diverse poultry industry• ‘Autonomy era’• Widespread and multiple poultry diseases• Insufficient commitment and resources• Competing priorities• Lack of disease knowledge • Limited understanding of biosecurity and

hygiene • Commercial industry autonomy• Outdated legislation