hrm chap. 7sept2015 (reupload)

All Rights ReservedHRM Principles & Practices (Second Edition)© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2011 Chapter 7 – 1

All Rights ReservedHRM Principles & Practices (Second Edition)© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2011 Chapter 7 – 2HRM Principles & Practices (Second Edition)© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2011 Chapter 7 – 2

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SAFETY AND HEALTH AT WORK

7CHAPTER


PREVIEW

The provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act which affect employers.

The importance of encouraging safe work practices and healthy lifestyles amongst employees.

Reducing incidences of sexual harassment at work. The need for a planned programme to reduce violence

at the workplace. Programmes and activities which can improve the health

and wellness of employees.


THE HEAVY COST OF ACCIDENTS

Medical bills Wages of workers on medical leave Damage to equipment and materials Overtime work Employee replacement costs, in case of

fatal accident


THE HEAVY COST OF ACCIDENTS (cont.)

Time cost of supervisors, management and colleagues

Lowered morale of employees Poor public image


Causes of Accidents, 2007

CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS

Technical causes Human causes Environmental causes

Cause Percentage Struck by object 50 Falls 27 Caught in object 12 Struck by falling object 10

Source: SOCSO

Cause Percentage Exposed to extreme

heat, electricity or other dangerous substance, including radiation 1


CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS (cont.)

Employees’ problems lead to accidents: Faulty attitudes Impulsiveness Low attention span Irresponsibility Drinking and drug

abuse

Nervousness and fear Faulty judgement of

speed and distance Worry and depression Fatigue


EMPLOYEE HEALTH ISSUES

Common health hazards at work include: Use of organic chemicals and toxic substances Fumes, dust and smoke Radiation Infection Noise and vibration levels Extreme temperatures


WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR SAFETY AND HEALTH AT WORK?

The Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH)

The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Employers Employees

Everyone is responsible for safety and health at work, especially:


(i) The Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) which is responsible for enforcing the safety laws as well as guiding employers on how to make their workplaces safe;(ii) The Employees Social Security Organisation (SOCSO) provides some funds to sponsor efforts to reduce the accident rate at the workplace;(iii) The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) which offers training programmes and carries out research;(iv) The Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers (FMM) and the Malaysian Employers Federation (MEF) provide training to the staff of their members in the field of safety and health;(v) Safety training vendors who assist employers by offering expert facilitators for training programmes, and(vi) Trade unions and their representative body, the Malaysian Trades Union Congress (MTUC) which undertake research into hazardous work conditions in their particular industry.

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Accidents are usually classified in various ways, for example by their impact or severity:(i) Near miss, whereby no one was injured or hurt, although damage to property may have occurred;(ii) Non-fatal, one or more employees required first-aid treatment;(iii) Non-fatal, whereby one or more employees were temporarily disabled;(iv) Non-fatal, whereby one or more employees were permanently disabled, and(v) Fatal, whereby one or more workers were killed.

HRM Principles & Practices (Second Edition)© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2011 Chapter 7 – 11

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Causes of Accidents at the Workplace


Work situation • Inadequate ManagementControl• Unsafe system design• Lack of suitable standards• Faulty or inadequateequipment• Business pressures

Fault of person • Insufficient skill orknowledge• Failure to follow procedures• Personal problems• Lack of motivation• Inattention• Forgetfulness

Unsafe act• Process error• Taking short cuts• Taking unnecessary risks• Removal of safetyequipment• Failure to use safetyequipment

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Occupational diseases and health issues

Common health hazards at work are:(i) Use of organic chemicals and toxic substances;(ii) Fumes, dust and smoke;(iii) Radiation;(iv) Infection;(v) Noise and vibration levels, and(vi) Extreme temperatures.



THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT (OSHA)

To ensure the safety and health of persons at work, the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994, lays down a number of requirements which must be complied with by

employers and employees.

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The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) 1994

The purpose of the Occupational Safety and Health Act is to establish a set of rules which are wide enough in coverage to ensure, if properly implemented, that the workplace will be safe as possible

The Act covers all workplaces, with only a few minor exceptions, and is enforced by the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) which is a department in the Ministry of Human Resources.


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To enforce the law, DOSH:(i) Makes regular inspections of workplace, especially factories;(ii) Issues improvement notices and stop work orders where there is high risk of accident because of unsafe work conditions or where an accident has occurred and needs to be investigated, and(iii) Prosecutes firms who refuse to comply with the law.DOSH has other functions as well, including:(i) Issuing competency certificates to safety officers;(ii) Issuing competency certificates to boilermen and other jobs which, by law, can only be operated by qualified employees, and(iii) Investigating accidents


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The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)

The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) lays down the requirement that employers do the following:(i) Ensure the safety of all employees and any other person at the workplace, as far as is practicable;(ii) Draft and disseminate a safety policy, if the organization has more than five employees;(iii) Appoint a safety committee, if the organization has 40 or more employees;(iv) Appoint a dedicated, qualified safety and health officer, if the organization falls within the scope of the relevant regulation;(v) Provide appropriate training, supervision and information to employeesconcerning safe work practices, and(vi) Report serious accidents to the Department of Occupational Safety and Health.



SAFETY POLICIES

Draft a SAFETY POLICY Communicate it to employees Revise it as necessary

All employers with more than five employees are required under OSHA to:


APPOINTMENT OF A QUALIFIED SAFETY OFFICER

Employers in designated industries are required under OSHA to employ a qualified

safety officer.


APPOINTMENT OF A QUALIFIED SAFETY OFFICER (cont.)

Building and engineering construction Ship building (with more than 100 workers) Gas and petroleum (with more than 100 workers) Chemical industry (with more than 100 workers) Metal industry (with more than 100 workers)

Appointment compulsory in high-risk industries:


APPOINTMENT OF A QUALIFIED SAFETY OFFICER (cont.)

Wood working industry (with more than 100 workers)

Cement industry (with more than 100 workers)

Other manufacturing industries (with more than 500 workers)


QUALIFIED SAFETY OFFICERS

a recognized diploma in OSH, or a minimum of 10 years’ experience in OSH, or have completed a training programme in OSH

recognized by the Ministry of Human Resources.

A qualified safety officer is one who is registered with DOSH.To be eligible for registration, the applicant must have:


APPOINTMENT OF A SAFETY COMMITTEE

OSHA requires all employers with 40 or more employees to appoint a SAFETY COMMITTEE.

The committee must meet at least once in 3 months. Minutes must be kept.

The committee members must be provided with safety training by their employer.


APPOINTMENT OF A SAFETY COMMITTEE (cont.)

The functions of the committee include: Establishing policies on safety and health

matters, including the setting of rules and regulations.

Conducting an inspection of the workplace, at least once in 3 months.

Analysing records on accidents and health problems.


APPOINTMENT OF A SAFETY COMMITTEE (cont.)

Investigating accidents and unsafe conditions and making recommendations to prevent similar occurrences.

Planning and executing safety and health awareness programmes.

Recommending the purchase of suitable safety equipment, where relevant.


REPORTING ACCIDENTS

Accidents have to be reported to the relevant authorities: When a Malaysian worker is involved in an

accident, or occupational disease, his employer must report to SOCSO and DOSH.

When a foreign worker is involved in an accident, or occupational disease, his employer must report to the Labour Department and the relevant insurance company.


REVIEW

The provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act which affect employers.

The importance of encouraging safe work practices and healthy lifestyles amongst employees.

Reducing incidences of sexual harassment at work. The need for a planned programme to reduce violence

at the workplace. Programmes and activities which can improve the health

and wellness of employees.

hrm chap. 7sept2015 (reupload)

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