CONSTRUCTING - LOGBOOK

WEEK 1

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TWO TYPES OF LOADS -STATIC -DYNAMIC

DEAD LOADS ARE STATIC LOADS THAT ACT VERTICALLY DOWNWARD. (EG. SELF WEIGHT OF STRUCTURE, BULDING ELEMENTS - PERMENTLY ATTACHED EQUIPMENT.)

LIVE LOADS ARE MOVING/MOVEABLE, (EG. PEOPLE, WATER, NOW ETC)

DYNAMIC LOADS ARE APPLIED SUDDENLY, CHANGES IN MAGNITUDE AND POINT OF APPLICATION. -WIND LOADS -EARTHQUAKE LOADS

COLLINEAR FORCES OCCUR ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE.

CONCURRENT FOR4CES HAVE LINES OF ACTION INTERSECTING AT A COMMON POINT.

NONCURRENT FORCES HAVE LINES OF ACTION THAT DO NOT INTERSECT AT A COMMON PONT.

A MOMENT IS THE

TENDENCY OF A FORCE TO PRODUCE ROTATION

OF A BODY ABOUT A POINT OR LINE, EQUAL IN MAGNITUDE TO THE

PRODUCT.

A COUPLE IS A

FORCE SYSTEM OF TWO EQUAL, PARALLEL FORCES

ACTING IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS, TENDING TO

PRODUCE ROTATION.

COMPRESSION

TENSION

LOAD PATH - THE DIRECTION IN WHICH EACH CON-SECUTIVE LOAD WILL PASS THROUGH CONNECTING MEMBERS -LOWEST MEMBERS MUST BE ABLE TO SUPPORT ALL ABOVE MEMBERS -START UPPERMOST, WORK DOWN

-COUNTERLEVER, U-BEAM, I-BEAM-BARCELONA PAVILION, MIES VAN DER ROHE

MATERIALS

-STRONG OR WEAK-STIFFNESS (FLEXIBLE, STRETCHY, FLOPPY)-SHAPE (LINEAR, PLANAR, VOLUMETRIC)-MATERIAL BEHAVIOURS (ISOTROPIC, ANISOTROPIC)

ECONOMY AND SUSTAINABILITY -TRANSPORTATION, LABOUR COST, PRODUCTION VS.EFFICIENCY

CONSTRUCTING - LOGBOOK

WEEK 1

WE BEGAN BY TRYING TO BUILD THE TALL-EST STRUCTURE THAT WOULD HAVE A VERY STRONG FOUNDATION, NOT REALISING WE HAD TO FIT A DINOSAUR UNDERNEATH, SO WE BEGAN AGAIN.

WE THEN DECIDED ON BUILDING AN ARCHWAY DIFFERENT FROM OTHER GROUPS WHO WERE GOING IN CIRCU-LAR MOTIONS.

WITH THE HELP OF MARK WE USED A ARCHED PIECE OF CARDBOARD AS A FRAMEWORK FOR OUR ARCH, AS LOADS WOULD PUSH EQUILIBRIUM AND NOT HOLD WITH IT TO BEGIN WITH. AND AT THE END WE WOULD BE ABLE TO TAKE IT OUT AS THE LOADS WOULD BE TRANSFERRED EITHER SIDE OF THE ARCH.

IT WAS VERY STABLE AND WORKED WELL HOWEVER WE SHOULD HAVE BUILT A WIDER FOUNDATION BECAUSE AS WE GOT HIGHER, OUR TOWER BEGAN TO THIN, IN ORDER TO GET HEIGHT.

WE BEGAN A 6X6 SQUARE TOWER ABOVE THE ARCH, CRISS-CROSSING THE BLOCKS TO PROVIDE STABILITY.

WHEN RUNNING OUT OF TIME WE WENT SINGULAR BLOCKS STRAIGHT UP WHICH IMMEDIATELY BEGAN TO WABBLE AND EVENTUALLY TOPPLE.

ACTIVITY - COMPRESSIONTO UNDERSTAND NATURE AND BEHAVIOUR OF MADULAR MASS CONSTRUCTION AND HOW LOADS ARE TRANSFERRED IN COM-PRESSION STRUCUTRES

CONSTRUCTION HAD TO ACCOMADATE AND ENCLOSE DINOSAUR.

HERE WE USED JENGA PATTERN.

CONSTRUCTING - LOGBOOK

WEEK 2

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS

-SOLID-SUPREME-SURFACE-SKELETAL (FRAMES - TRANSFERRING LOADS)-MEMBRANE-HYBRID

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM - SUPPORT AND TRANSMIT APPLIED GRAVITY AND LATERAL LADS SAFETLY TO THE GROUND (NOT TO PUT STRESS ON MEMBERS)-SUPERSTRUCTURE = VERTICAL EXTENSION-COLUMNS AND BEAMS SUPPORT FLOOR AND ROOF STRUCTURES-UNDERLYING STRUCTURE IS FOUNDATION

ENCLOSURE SYSTEM - SHELL OF ENVELOPE OF A BULDING -DOORS, FLOORS, ROOF, WALLS ETC

MECHANICAL SYSTEMS-PROVIDE ESSENTIAL SERVICES TO A BUILDING

PERFORMANCE REQUIRMENTS, AESTHETIC QUALITIES, REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS, ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES.

PINNED JOINTS ALLOW ROTA-TION BUT RESIST TRANSLATION IN ANY DIRECTION

ROLLER JOINTS ALLOW ROTA-TION BUT RESIST TRNASLATION IN A DIRECTION PERPENDICULAR INTO OR AWAY FROM THEIR FACES.

RIGID OR FIXED JOINTS MAINTAIN ANGULAR RELATION-SHIP BETWEEN THE JOINED ELEMENTS, RETRAIN ROTATION AND TRNASLATION IN ANY DIRECTION, PROVIDING FORCE AND MOMENT RESISTANCE.

ACTIVITY - FRAMETO UNDERSTAND NATURE AND BEHAVIOUR OF FRAMECONSTRUCTION AND HOW LOADS ARE TRANSFERRED IN FRAME STRUCTURES - STRUCTURAL JOINTS.

HERE IS A SKETCH OF WHAT WE INTENDED TO CONSTRUCT - A SERIES OF LONG PIECES OF BALSA WOOD, CONNECTING AT LEVELS.WE BUILT AN INNER FRAMEWORK TO PROVIDE STRENGTH AND TRANSFER LOADS DOWN THE STRUCTURE.

WHILE THE FRAME WAS ABLE TO REACH TO ROOF WITH WAS EXTREME-LY WOBBLY AND DID NOT HAVE A WIDE ENOUGH FOUNDATION JUST LIKE OUR PREVIOUS CONSTRUCTION.

THE LONG PIECES ALSO BEGAN TO BEND AND ROTATE WHICH CAUSED POINT OF EQUILIBRIUM TO BE OUT AND STRUCTURE BENT OVER AND SNAPPED.

CONSTRUCTING - LOGBOOK

WEEK 3

STRUT IS A COMPRESSION ELEMENT COMPARED TO TIE WHICH IS A TENSION ELEMENT.

-STRUT COULD BE COLUMN-TIE COULD BE A WIRE

BEAM IS BOTH COMPRESSION AND TENSTION.

IN A SLAB THE LOADS ARE DISTRIBUTED TO BEAMS.

STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

FOOTINGS &FOUNDATIONS- BUILDING CONNECTION WITH GROUND - GETTING BUILDING TO BE STATIC.

TO TRANSFER ALL THE LOADS SAFETLY TO THE GROUND.

DEEP FOUNDATION IS NEEDED IN UNSTABLE SOIL CONDITIONS

SHALLOW FOOTINGS INCLUDE:

DEEP FOUNDATIONS-END BEARING PILES (EXTEND TO ROCK)-FRICTION PILES (RESISTANCE OF EARTH)

RETAINING & FOUNDATION WALLS -CREATES BASEMENTS AFTER EXCAVATION-PRESSURE LOADS OF EARTH BEHIND WALL

BOND - PATTERN ARRANGEMENTCOURSE- HORIZONTALJOINT- WAY THEY ARE CONNECTED TOGETHER |(MORTAR)

STRONG IN COMPRESSION. WEAK IN TENSION

HARDCOMPRESSIVE STRENTHTHERMAL MASSDURABLE

CONSTRUCTING - LOGBOOK

SITE VISIT282 CARDIGAN STREETCARLTONTHREE STOREY

POLYSTYRENE CORE BACK-FILLED WITH CONCRETE.PROVIDES INSULATIO-NA AND STURDINESS

GREY LINES HELP ALIGN WIRES, BOTH ELECTRICALA ND MECHANICAL

PRE-CUT INTO SLABS SO THAT THEY SLOT IN

PARALLEL FLANGE CHANNEL

GAPS FILLED WITH SEALANT

U-BEAM

STEEL FRAME WITH TIMBER BEAMS

TRUSS - DEEP BEAM WITH HOLES IN IT.

PRIMARY - SECONDARY - TERTIARY -RIGID JOINT, BRACE

GREY PLASTIC LOCKING DEVIDE FOR POLYSTYRENE

CONSTRUCTING - LOGBOOK

GLOSSARY

LOAD PATH - the direction in which each consecutive load will pass through connecting membersMASONARY - building of a structure from individual units laid in and bound together by mortarCOMPRESSION - inward forcesREACTION FORCE - equal and opposite forces to the applied loadsPOINT LOAD- refers to a point where a bearing or structural weight is intnese and transferred to the foundationBEAM- resisting bendingSTRUCTURAL JOINT- STABILITY TENSION FRAME BRACING COLUMN - not designed for lateral loadsMOMENT - a moment is the tendency of a force to produce rotation of a body about a point or line, equal in magnitude to the product.RETAINING WALLPAD FOOTING isolated footings supporting freestanding columns or piersSTRIP FOOTING - continuous spread footings of foundation wallsSLAB ON GROUNDSUBSTRUCTURE - the underlying structure forming the foundation of a building