human breast milk mirna, maternal probiotic ...birth 1 yr 2 yrs-4 wks 6 wks. 3 mths. n=415....
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![Page 1: Human breast milk miRNA, maternal probiotic ...Birth 1 yr 2 yrs-4 wks 6 wks. 3 mths. n=415. Intervention period. n=287. QUESTIONNAIRES • 6 weeks, 1 year, 2 years, (6 years) CLINICAL](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070207/60f8353a24ac1d184d67bd45/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Human breast milk miRNA, maternal probiotic supplementation and atopic
dermatitis in offsrping
Melanie Rae SimpsonPhD candidate
Department of Public Health and General PracticeNorwegian University of Science and Technology
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ProPACT Study
-4 wks
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG; 5 x 1010 CFU) Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb-12 (Bb-12; 5 x 1010 CFU) Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 (La-5; 5 x 109 CFU).
Probiotic milk (n=211)
Placebo milk (n=204) Cultured milk, sterilised after culture process
n=415
Probiotics in the Prevention of Allergies among Children in Trondheim
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ProPACT Study
Birth-4 wks 3 mths
Intervention period
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG; 5 x 1010 CFU) Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb-12 (Bb-12; 5 x 1010 CFU) Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 (La-5; 5 x 109 CFU).
Probiotic milk (n=211)
Placebo milk (n=204) Cultured milk, sterilised after culture process
n=415
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ProPACT Study
2 yrs1 yrBirth-4 wks 6 wks 3 mths
Intervention period n=287n=415
QUESTIONNAIRES
• 6 weeks, 1 year, 2 years, (6 years)
CLINICAL EXAMINATION
• 2 and 6 years• Offered earlier with persistent itchy rash
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ProPACT Study
2 yrs1 yrBirth-4 wks 6 wks 3 mths
Intervention period n=287n=415
• 40% fewer cases of atopic dermatitis at 2 years
• No effect on other allegy related diseases
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ProPACT Study
2 yrs1 yrBirth-4 wks 6 wks 3 mths
Intervention period n=287n=415
BREAST MILK SAMPLES
• Collected at 10 days and 3 months post-partum
• Only 3 month samples used in this analysis
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Breast milk and miRNAs• Breastfeeding may have long lasting immunological
consequences– Relationship between breastfeeding and allergy related diseases
(atopic dermatitis, asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, allergic sensitisation) is controversial
• miRNAs– Short non-coding RNAs – Approx. 22 nucleotides (nt)– Regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional level
• Human breast milk contains high concentration of miRNA– Stable under harsh conditions – Potentially active after ingestion
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Objectives1. Describe miRNA profile of human breast milk
2. Investigate associations between maternal probiotic supplementation and miRNAs
3. Investigate associations between miRNAs, as mediators of the effect of probiotics, on the development of atopic dermatitis
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Methods
SAMPLE SELECTION
• 54 breast milk samples
• Randomly selected
• Criteria ensured sufficient number with atopic dermatitis
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Methods
SAMPLE PREPARATION
• Enriched for extracellular vesicles (Exoquick™)
• RNA isolated (Quigen miRNeasy kit)
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Methods
UCAGUGCACUACAGAACUUUGU
AAGCUGCCAGUUGAAGAACUGU
SEQUENCING
• 11-28 nucleotides
• Library preparation (ScriptMinder™ Small RNA-Seq Library Prepartion Kit)
• Sequencing (Illumina HiSeq 2000)
• 50 base pair single end reads
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Methods
UCAGUGCACUACAGAACUUUGU
AAGCUGCCAGUUGAAGAACUGU
hsa-miR-148a-3p
hsa-miR-22-3p
BIOINFORMATICS• Raw reads were processed, filtered• Mapped to the human genome (hg 19)• miRNAs mapped to miRBase version 20.0 • Differential expression of miRNAs using
limma (R package)• Probiotic vs placebo• Atopic dermatitis vs no atopic
dermatitis
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Methods
UCAGUGCACUACAGAACUUUGU
AAGCUGCCAGUUGAAGAACUGU
hsa-miR-148a-3p
hsa-miR-22-3p
Target genes and
their functions
FUNCTIONAL PREDICTIONS
• TargetScan v7.0
• Database for Annotation, Visualisation and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) v6.7
• Enrichment Map app in Cytoscape
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ResultsFifty-four (54) mother-infant pairs
• 32 from the probiotics group (11 with atopic dermatitis)
• 22 from the placebo group (18 with atopic dermatitis)
Representative of original population, except
• Higher proportion with maternal and family history of
allergy related disease
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Small RNA profile
0
10
20
30
40
50
Perc
enta
ge o
f rea
ds
miRNA tRNA rRNA
Short RNAs up to approx. 1000nt
After sequencing (11-28nt):
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Highly expressed miRNAs
0
50,000
100000
150000
200000
250000
CP
M m
atur
e m
iRN
As
miR
-148
a-3p
miR
-22-
3pm
iR-3
0d-5
ple
t-7b-
5pm
iR-2
00a-
3ple
t-7a-
5ple
t-7f-5
pm
iR-1
46b-
5pm
iR-2
4-3p
miR
-21-
5pm
iR-3
0a-5
pm
iR-2
9a-3
pm
iR-3
35-5
pm
iR-2
6a-5
pm
iR-4
29m
iR-3
0b-5
pm
iR-1
93a-
3pm
iR-3
75m
iR-2
7a-3
pm
iR-1
41-3
p
TOP 5
miR-148a-3p
miR-22-3p
miR-30d-5p
Let-7b-5p
miR-200a-3p
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125 miRNAs 98.5% of reads6568 targets
Top 20 miRNAs 76.0% of reads3498 targets
Top 10 miRNAs 63.0% of reads
1759 targets
Top 5 miRNAs53.8%
1371 predicted targets
Functional predictions – broad range of potential functionsa) the positive and negative regulation of metabolic processes involving nitrogen
compounds, RNA, DNA and macromolecules and the positive regulation of transcription and gene expression,
b) embryonic development, c) angiogenesis, d) catabolic processes e) cell migration and localisation.
Target predictions
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Enrichment Map of top 50 Gene Ontology (GO) Terms
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Differential expression: Probiotic vs Placebo
miRNA Fold change p-value FDRProbiotic vs Placebo
miR-574-3p 0.640 0.016 0.818miR-340-5p 0.697 0.040 0.818let-7d-3p 1.401 0.044 0.818miR-218-5p 0.690 0.050 0.818
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miRNA Fold change p-value FDRAtopic dermatitis vs no-atopic dermatitis
miR-452-5p 0.660 0.001 0.107let-7d-3p 1.615 0.005 0.308miR-146b-5p 0.674 0.011 0.433miR-21-5p 0.752 0.016 0.433miR-22-3p 1.258 0.019 0.433miR-375 1.247 0.023 0.433miR-16-5p 0.686 0.026 0.433miR-511-5p 1.323 0.028 0.433miR-26b-5p 0.808 0.041 0.461let-7f-5p 0.802 0.041 0.461miR-30e-5p 0.844 0.042 0.461miR-374a-5p 0.797 0.044 0.461miR-335-5p 1.343 0.049 0.468
Differential expression: AD vs no-AD
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Conclusions• Stable group of core breast milk miRNAs
– At least partially conserved across a number of mammalian species
• Predicted functional consequences suggest a broad range of biological processes and molecular functions
• Individual miRNAs are unlikely to play a major role in the prevention of atopic dermatitis in infancy by probiotics ingested in the perinatal period.
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Further research• Mediators of beneficial effect of probiotic
supplementation– Stool samples– Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)– Bacterial swabs from mouth and vagina
• miRNA and other short RNA in breast milk– In vitro experiments and computational modelling– Paired fresh and frozen samples
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Thanks• Supervisors
– Dr Torbjørn Øien– Dr Ola Storrø
• Co-authors– BioCore: Jostein Johansen and Prof Pål Sætrom– Laboratory: Dr Gaute Brede
• Participants and co-workers
• International Milk Genomics Consortium
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