High-level components of the human-centric health ecosystem (HCHE)

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Human-Centric Health

An HCHE centres on the health of the individual and the broader human population.

In a well-functioning HCHE, people live in an environment where it is easy to:

Understand health and the factors that influence it

Recognize and respond to disease when it does occur

Access sources of response and assistance

Elements of behavioural economics strongly influence how people engage with risk factors and the threat of disease.

Human-Centric Health Ecosystem (HCHE): Strategic changes in the Heath system transition

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From current state To desired state

Provider-centric system in which individual is largely passive – professionals solve problems for patients

A technology-enabled ecosystem with embedded choice architecture to encourage effective personal behaviour – individuals understand risk factors and can determine how to solve problems themselves or involve others as required

Emphasis on patient compliance with instructions Individual understands risks and seeks support from a variety of sources to make good preventive and care decisions

Motivation for action comes from outside (care provider) Motivation is internal – individual understands risks and has confidence to manage them

Focus on treatment of disease Focus on prevention of disease, enabled by improved individual awareness of NCD risk factors and aided by choice architecture

Reliance on doctors and traditional providers for diagnosis utilizing centralized, capital-intensive testing/diagnostics facilities

On-demand/continuous testing and diagnostics through wearables and other comparatively inexpensive, easily available technologies

Sensors generate data that enable prevention through machine learning and connect individuals to a broader ecosystem

Diagnostic and treatment data are transferred to global databases for use by practitioners worldwide but owned by individuals

Care delivered through traditional providers and sites A network of providers, some of whom are knowledgeable community members and paraprofessionals

Individuals aided by technology (e.g., robotics) to obtain both diagnosis and treatment in non-traditional locations

Human-Centric Health Ecosystem (HCHE) – Tactical changes needed

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From current state To desired stateTobacco continues to be a major cause of premature death and DALYs 

Tobacco use is denormalized; individual consumption rates decline rapidly in both developed and developing countries

Harmful use of alcohol contributes to lower life quality through liver damage, violence and motor vehicle accidents

Individuals use alcohol socially in moderation and use does not increase DALYs

Many find it difficult or expensive to obtain fresh, healthy food and so maintain unhealthy dietary habits

Residents of developed and developing countries find it easy to obtain fresh healthy food

Many who do not perform manual labour occupationally have little opportunity to be physically active and suffer health effects of a sedentary lifestyle

Being physically active as part of daily life becomes the social norm across geographies and social classes

Air pollution threatens premature lung and heart disease and cancer and decreases ability to exercise

Cities and rural communities alike enjoy clean air; individual families can readily acquire home cookstoves that reduce indoor pollution

Poverty and economic inequality limit access to medical care and increase stress and likelihood of many environmentally sensitive diseases

People have adequate access to a healthy environment and to medical care if they need it