Human Development Notes

Ms. Wydra-Gat

H.S.C.S.

Human Development:

• The scientific study of how people change as well as how they stay the same over time.

•We all develop at different speeds.

The ways we change:

• Physical

• Intellectual

• Emotional

• Social

Physical

• How our body changes

• And the physical skills we can do

Physical Skills

Fine Motor SkillsUsing small muscleex: zipping zippers

Gross Motor SkillsUsing large muscles

ex: walking

Physical Skills

Intellectual:

• Intelligence• Smarts• How we think

Emotional

• Our feelings

Social

• Getting along with others

Infant

Birth- 1year

Physical Characteristics

• Size:

– Head is 1/4th the size of their entire body

Fontanels:

Open spaces in the skull

Skills

• Hold up head• Roll over• Sit up• Crawl• Walk

Reflexes

• Newborns have a lot of different reflexes.

• Fencer’s Pose• Grasping

Other facts:

• Infants enjoy and respond to their mother’s face.

The only way they can communicate is through crying.

They learn through their senses.

• Shaken Baby:

A baby can suffer severe damage if shaken. It can just be a slight shake.

• SIDS=– Sudden– Infant– Death– Syndrome

Object Permanence:

• Infants do NOT have object permanence.

When an object exists even if we don’t see it.

Infants Need…

Toddler

Ages: 1-3 years

General Characteristics• Walks

• Has object permanence.

Talks in 1-2 word sentences.

Has temper tantrums.

Toddler Social Skill

• Solitary Play:

–Plays alone

•Parallel Play:

–Plays alongside, not with another child

Toddlers

• They can only follow__________ commands.

• EX:

simple

“Pick up the truck.”

• TODDLER RULES OF POSSESSION• 1. If I like it, it’s mine.• 2. If it’s in my hand, it’s mine.• 3. If I can take it from you, it’s mine.• 4. If I had it a little while ago, it’s mine.• 5. If it’s mine, it must NEVER appear to be yours in

anyway.• 6. If I’m doing or building something, all the pieces are

mine.• 7. If it looks just like mine, it is mine.• 8. If I saw it first, it’s mine.• 9. If you are playing with something and you put it down, it

automaticallybecomes mine.

• 10. If it’s broken, it’s yours.

Early Childhood

Ages 3-6

Preschoolers

• Practice fine motor skills.

• Need to learn how to share.

• Egocentric:

• Cooperative Play:

• Self needs:

• Reading Readiness:

Thinks of self first

Plays with others

Hygiene, goes to bathroom, dressing…

Getting ready to read, knows letters …

This is the most important stage to develop…

• Speech and language

Middle Childhood

Ages: 6-12

School Age:

• Gross motor skills become athletic

• Memory and language skills increase

• Can read, eyes are mature

In middle childhood: children like

• To spend time with friends.

Adolescence We are ages 12-20.

Adolescents

• Physical changes are rapid. Ex. Puberty

• Very social• Self-concept:

– Figuring out who we are and who we want to be.

The most important thing is…

• Self Concept

Adulthood

• Career choices• Many get married and

have children (not all)

• Health peaks, then decreases

Ages: 20-65 years old

The most important thing(s) to an adult are…

Family and career

Late Adulthood

• Ages 65+

• Physical, social, and emotional changes occur