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HUMAN EXCRETORY

AND REPRODUCTIVE

SYSTEM Presented By: Navneet Puneet Swaty Shilpa

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p

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EXCRETORY SYSTEM

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THE URINARY SYSTEM

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FUNCTIONS

1. Remove nitrogenous wastes

2. Maintain electrolyte, acid-base,and fluid balance of blood.

3. Homeostatic organ.

4. Acts as blood filter.5. Release hormones: calcitriol &

erythropoietin.

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Organs ofthe Urinary

System

kidneys

ureters

urinarybladder

urethra

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renalcapsule

renalcortex

renalmedulla

renalpelvis

renalpyramids

ureter

KidneyAnatomy

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urine

blood

filtration

tubularreabsorptionand secretion

refreshed blood

GENERALFUNCTIONING

OF THEKIDNEY

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Urinary Bladder

ureters internalsphinctersexternal

sphinctersurethra

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Diseases

Glomerulo nephritis

PyelitisPolyurea

Anurea

Renal calculi

cystitis

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MALE REPRODUCTIVESYSTEM

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External genital organs :- penis containingurethra .

Internal genital organs :-

testes

vas deferens

seminal vesicles

prostate gland

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PENIS

It is the corpulatory organ.

Parts of penis are:

Corpora caverosaCorpora spongiosum

Glans penis

Propuse

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TESTES

Male reproductive organ.Oval in shape

Scrotum forms a bag or pouch for testesTestes are actually suspended in scrotum bymeans of spermatic cords.

Structure:Contains seminiferous tubulesepidydimis

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DUCTUS DEFERENS [VAS DEFERENS]

They are also known as ductus deferens

The vas deferens commences from epidydimisat the upper end of testes.

It leaves the scrotum in the spermatic cord.

From the abdominal cavity, the vas deferensentrs the pelvis and joins with seminal vesical.

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SEMINAL VESICLES

glands posterior to the urinary bladder.

Seminal vesical joins with the terminal portion ofvas deferens and forms the ejaculatory duct.

Function thick secretions which is added to

spermatozoa.

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PROSTATE

Lies below bladder and surrounds the first part ofurethra.

Consists of glands , ducts, and involuntarymuscles.

Secretes fluid which is conveyed to the urethrathrough ducts.

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SEMINAL FLUID OR SEMEN

Semen is the compound secretion of testes , prostateand seminal vesicles.

Acts as a vehicle for spermatozoa and provides nutritionto the spermatozoa.

SPERMATOZOA: produced by seminiferous tubules oftestis.

They are highly motile and their function is to fertilise theovum in the female genital tract.

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Female ReproductiveSystem

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Function of Female ReproductiveSystem

Produce sex hormones.

Produce functioning gamates [ova]

Support & protect developing ofembryo.

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MAJOR ORGANS

Ovaries [ gonads]

Uterine tubes [ fallopian tubes]

UterusVagina

Accessory glands

External genital organsBreasts

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OVARIES

Each ovary is about the size and shape of analmond.

they produce eggs (also called ova) every female is

born with a lifetime supply of eggsthey also produce hormones:

Estrogen & Progesterone

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FALLOPIAN TUBES [UTERINE TUBES]

stretch from the uterus to the ovaries and measure about8 to 13 cm in length.

Parts : uterineampullafumbrial end

Function : fallopian tube acts as a passage for ova fromthe ovary to uterus.The fertilisation of ovamby spermatozoa occurs in fallopian tube.

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uterus

pear-shaped muscular organ in the upper femalereproductive tract.

The fundus is the upper portion of the uterus wherepregnancy occurs.

The cervix is the lower portion of the uterus that connectswith the vagina and serves as a sphincter to keep theuterus closed during pregnancy until it is time to deliver ababy.

the uterus expands considerably during the reproductiveprocess. the organ grows to from 10 to 20 times its normalsize during pregnancy.

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uterus

The main body consists of a firm outer coat of muscle(myometrium) and an inner lining of vascular,glandular material (endometrium).

The endometrium thickens during the menstrualcycle to allow implantation of a fertilized egg.

Pregnancy occurs when the fertilized egg implantssuccessfully into the endometrial lining. If fertilizationdoes not occur, the endometrium sloughs off and isexpelled as menstrual flow .

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The Vagina

vagin = sheath

a muscular, ridged sheath connecting the external genitals to theuterus.

functions as a two-way street, accepting the penis and sperm during

intercourse and roughly nine months later, serving as the avenue ofbirth through which the new baby enters the world

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Mammary Glands [ breasts]

Present in both sexes - normally only functional in females

Developmentally they are derived from sweat glands

Contained within a rounded skin-covered breast anterior to thepectoral muscles of the thorax

Slightly below center of each breast is a ring of pigmented skin,the areola - this surrounds a central protruding nipple

Internally - they consist of 15 to 25 lobes that radiate around andopen at the nipple

Each lobe is composed of smaller lobules- these contain alveoli

that produce milk when a women is lactatingnon-pregnant women - glandular structure is undeveloped - hencebreast size is largely due to the amount of fat deposits

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menstruation

Destructive phase (menstrual phase)

Follicular phase (proliferative phase)

Luteal phase (secretory phase)

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Menstrual cycle

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Reproductive System Disorders

Male InfertilityBenign Prostatic HypertrophyProstate Cancer

Female InfertilityEndometriosisPelvic Inflammatory DiseaseOvarian Cysts

Cancer Breast Cervical Uterine