HUMAN REPRODUCTION

Michael Phelps’s First Photo

MALE SEX CELL

Sperm:Sperm: the microscopic cells the microscopic cells which can fertilize the femalewhich can fertilize the female’’s ovum.s ovum.

female sex cell

Ovum (egg): Ovum (egg): a mature female a mature female reproductive cell that can divide to develop reproductive cell that can divide to develop into an embryo once fertilized. into an embryo once fertilized.

CONCEPTION or FERTILIZATION

An egg is fertilized when it is penetrated by a sperm

Male Anatomy

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Sperm are produced in the male’s testes

Sperm are stored in the epididymis

Terms to knowSemen: the thick, sticky fluid which contains sperm

ejaculated by the male from the penis during orgasm (climax)

Ejaculation: the action of ejecting semen (sperm) from the body

The average ejaculation contains close to 100 million sperm

Why so many?

Sperm can live up to 5 days in the woman’s body

Maturation: 72 hrs

May the best sperm win!

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Terms to know:

Ovaries: female reproductive glands in which ovum are produced and stored

Fallopian tubes: pair of long slender ducts that transport ova to the uterus, and transport sperm cells from the uterus to the ova.

Uterus: pear shaped organ that holds the growing fetus. Contracts during labor to deliver the child.

Endometrium lining: the lining of the uterus. Where a fertilized egg implants and starts to grow.

Terms to know:

Cervix: lower, narrow part of the uterus that uterus that dilates and opens to allow passage of menstrual blood and during birth

Vagina: muscular tube leading from the external genitals to the cervix (also known as the birth canal)

Vulva: the opening to the vagina Perineum: surface area between the anus

and the vulva

CERVIX

Front View

Fallopian or Uterine Tube

Uterus –

2” wide x 3” long

Cervix

Ovary

Endometrium

Conception or Fertilization

Label the parts

OVUM AND SPERM

CONCEPTION of FERTILIZATIONSperm Penetrating the Ovum

If more than one ovum is present they may BOTH be fertilized resulting in…

Fraternal Twins

IDENTICAL TWINS occur when the fertilized egg splits.

Babies will be the same SEX and will look very much alike.

Videos https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nLmg4wSHdxQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_5OvgQW6FG4

Menstrual cycle

Definition:

Menstrual Cycle: The monthly cycle of changes in the ovaries and lining of the uterus (endometrium) in preparation for a fertilized egg

Menstruation: a woman’s monthly bleeding when the body sheds the uterine lining and removes it from the body

MENSTRUATION – Ist day of cycle

IMPLANTATION – takes place between 6 – 10 days after fertilization, usually 7 days

Fertilized egg IMPLANTS in uterine lining

Endometrium – another term for uterine lining

If Fertilized egg IMPLANTS in Fallopian tube it is called an Ectopic pregnancy

Menstrual Cycle Menstrual Cycle Day 1 – Day 1 – MenstruationMenstruation begins (bleeding) begins (bleeding) Day 1-5 – Bleeding Continues Day 1-5 – Bleeding Continues Day 6-9 - Ovum is maturing and endometrium lining is thinDay 6-9 - Ovum is maturing and endometrium lining is thin Day 10 – 14 - Endometrium lining thickens and hormones Day 10 – 14 - Endometrium lining thickens and hormones

rise. rise. Around Day 14 – Ovum bursts out of the ovary Around Day 14 – Ovum bursts out of the ovary

Must be fertilized within 12-24 hoursMust be fertilized within 12-24 hours Day 15-28 – Egg travels down to thickened lining and either Day 15-28 – Egg travels down to thickened lining and either

is implanted or it dissolves or passes naturallyis implanted or it dissolves or passes naturally Day 26 – In the absence of fertilization, hormone levels drop and Day 26 – In the absence of fertilization, hormone levels drop and

the endometrium lining breaks down the endometrium lining breaks down Day 28 – Menstruation prepares to begin again. Day 28 – Menstruation prepares to begin again.

Related Menstrual Terms

aries: organs holding a woman’s eggs.Estrogen: the hormone responsible for secondary sex characteristics and for the sex drive in females. The “egg producing” hormone.Progesterone: builds up the lining of the uterus to prepare it for the fertilized ovum.; the “egg-setting” hormone.Ovulation: time when the egg is released from the ovary.

Tubal Ligation: an operation for sterilization of women.

PMS: premenstrual syndrome.

Toxic Shock Syndrome: caused by bacteria that live in the vagina, which then multiply and causes infection.

Menopause: the remaining ova no longer ripen or develop.

OVARY – Ovulation takes place about day 14 of the menstrual cycle

Progesterone

PREGNANCY

Placenta

Umbilical Cord

Amniotic Sac

Amniotic Fluid PREGNANCY

PREGNANCY

PLACENTA

Pregnancy takes about 40 weeks and is divided into three trimesters

ZYGOTE – Conception to 3 weeks

EMBRYO – 3 to 8 weeks

FETUS – 8 weeks to birth

Fetus at about 16 weeks

IN VITRO FERTILIZATION – Sperm and ovum are mixed in lab. Fertilized egg is placed in woman’s uterus to grow, as in a normal pregnancy.

GIFT – Gamete IntraFallopian Transfer

ZIFT – Zygote IntraFallopian Transfer

FETUS – 8 weeks to birth