Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán outragedEuropean observers in 2015 when he calledEurope’s migrant crisis a “German problem”

(because of the desire of many of the migrants fromturmoil-ridden countries in the Middle East and Africato settle in prosperous Germany). He also joined theleaders of several other easternEuropean countries in opposingmandatory quotas for sharingthe resettlement of the migrantsand refugees throughout theEU. Hungary’s hard-line poli-cies regarding the plight of themigrants included the construc-tion of a barbed-wire fence thelength of Hungary’s border withSerbia and the criminalizationof attempts to enter the countryillegally.

DemographyPopulation (2015): 9,836,000.Density (2015): persons per sq mi273.8, persons per sq km 105.7.

Sex distribution (2011): male47.48%; female 52.52%.

Population projection: (2020)9,770,000; (2030) 9,652,000.

Major cities (20151):Budapest 1,757,618;Debrecen 203,506; Szeged162,593; Miskolc 159,554;Pécs 145,985.

Urban-rural (2014):

Vital statisticsBirth rate per 1,000 pop-ulation (2013): 9.0(world avg. 19.5).

Death rate per 1,000population (2013): 12.8(world avg. 8.1).

Life expectancy at birth(2013): male 71.5 years;female 79.2 years.

Age breakdown (2011):

Ethnic composition (2011): Religious affiliation (2011):

Hungary

Official name: Magyarország (Hungary).Form of government: unitary multiparty republicwith one legislative house (National Assembly[199]).

Head of state: President János Áder.Head of government: Prime Minister ViktorOrbán.

Capital: Budapest.Official language: Hungarian. Official religion: none.Monetary unit: forint (Ft); valuation (Sept. 1,2015) 1 U.S.$ = Ft 279.85; 1 £ = Ft 428.90.

Area and population area population

20151

Counties Capitals sq mi sq km estimate

Bács-Kiskun Kecskemét 3,261 8,445 513,687Baranya Pécs 1,710 4,430 371,110Békés Bekéscsaba 2,174 5,631 351,148Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén Miskolc 2,798 7,247 667,594Csongrád Szeged 1,646 4,263 406,205Fejér Székesfehérvár 1,683 4,359 417,651Györ-Moson-Sopron Györ 1,579 4,089 452,638Hajdú-Bihar Debrecen 2,398 6,211 537,268Heves Eger 1,404 3,637 301,296Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok Szolnok 2,155 5,582 379,897Komárom-Esztergom Tatabánya 875 2,265 299,110Nógrád Salgótarján 982 2,544 195,923Pest Budapest2 2,468 6,393 1,226,115Somogy Kaposvár 2,331 6,036 312,084Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg Nyíregyháza 2,292 5,937 562,357Tolna Szekszárd 1,430 3,703 225,936Vas Szombathely 1,288 3,336 253,997Veszprém Veszprém 1,781 4,613 346,647Zala Zalaegerszeg 1,461 3,784 277,290

Capital cityBudapest2 203 525 1,757,618TOTAL 35,919 93,030 9,855,571

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National economyBudget (2006). Revenue: Ft 8,653,000,000,000 (social security contribu-tions 34.6%, taxes on goods and services 34.0%,personal income taxes 13.2%). Expenditures: Ft 10,710,700,000,000 (social protection 38.0%, eco-nomic affairs 12.5%, health 11.6%, public debt8.6%, education 8.6%, defense 3.1%).

Public debt (2013): U.S.$65,306,000,000.Production (metric tons except as noted).

Agriculture, forestry, fishing (2012): corn (maize)4,741,500, wheat 3,740,000, sunflower seeds1,316,545, barley 995,700, sugar beets 769,700, pota-toes 511,100, rapeseed 414,637, grapes 356,363; live-stock (number of live animals; 2013) 2,989,000 pigs,1,185,000 sheep, 760,000 cattle; roundwood (2013)6,027,202 cu m, of which fuelwood 47%; fisheries production 21,850(from aquaculture 69%). Mining and quarrying (2012): bauxite255,000. Manufacturing (value added in U.S.$’000,000; 2009): trans-portation equipment 3,111; general purpose machinery 2,550; chemi-cals and chemical products 1,967; electronics 1,153. Energy production(consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 2011) 35,983,000,000(42,626,000,000), by source (2012): fossil fuels 46.4%, nuclear 45.6%;renewable energy 8.0%, of which biomass 5.1%, wind energy 2.4%,hydroelectric 0.5%, solar energy (negligible); lignite (metric tons;2011) none (11,000); hard coal (metric tons; 2011) none (1,670,000);crude petroleum (barrels; 2011) 4,400,000 (44,100,000); petroleumproducts (metric tons; 2011) 5,580,000 (5,690,000); natural gas (cu m;2011) 2,713,000,000 (11,996,000,000).

Population economically active (2013): total 4,333,800; participationrates: age 15 and over, male 61.9%; female 46.5%; unemployed 7.7%,of which youth (ages 15–24) 20.4%.

Gross national income (GNI; 2014): U.S.$132,882,000,000 (U.S.$13,470per capita); purchasing power parity GNI (U.S.$23,830 per capita).

Average household size (2009): 2.3.Land use as % of total land area (2009): in temporary crops 46.9%,left fallow 3.7%, in permanent crops 2.1%, in pasture 11.1%, forestarea 22.3%.

Foreign trade6

Imports (2013): U.S.$97,256,000,000 (machinery andtransport apparatus 46.1%, basic manufactures33.9%, fuels and electricity 12.5%, food, bever-ages, and tobacco 5.1%). Major import sources:

Exports (2013): U.S.$105,859,000,000 (machineryand transport apparatus 53.5%, basic manufactures31.8%, food, beverages, and tobacco 8.0%, fuelsand electricity 3.6%). Major export destinations:

Transport and communicationsTransport. Railroads (2009): route length (2008)5,006 mi, 8,057 km; passenger-km8,073,000,000; metric ton-km cargo7,663,000,000. Roads (2009): total length

122,732 mi, 197,519 km (paved 38%);passenger-km 70,452,000,000; metricton-km cargo 35,373,000,000. Vehicles(2010): passenger cars 3,013,719; trucksand buses 437,136.

HealthHealth (2008): physicians 31,024(1 per 324 persons); hospitalbeds 70,714 (1 per 142 per-sons); infant mortality rate per1,000 live births (2011) 4.9;undernourished population(2006–08) less than 5% oftotal population.

MilitaryTotal active duty personnel(November 2014): 26,500 (army38.9%, air force 22.2%, jointstaff 38.9%); paramilitary 12,000;reserves 44,000. Military expendi-ture as percentage of GDP(2014): 0.7%; per capita expendi-ture U.S.$101.

1January 1. 2Budapest acts as the capital of Pest county even though it is administratively not part of Pest county.3Taxes less subsidies on products. 4Includes 420,700 unemployed. 5Detail does not add to total given because of round-ing. 6Imports c.i.f.; exports f.o.b. 7Subscribers.

Internet resources for further information:• Hungarian Central Statistical Office www.ksh.hu• Magyar Nemzeti Bank www.mnb.hu/en

Structure of gross domestic product and labour force2009

in value % of total labour % of labourFt ’000,000 value force force

Agriculture, forestry, fishing 730,253 2.8 175,800 4.2Mining and quarrying 54,905 0.2 8,500 0.2Public utilities 749,184 2.9 84,100 2.0Manufacturing 4,710,845 18.1 794,600 18.9Construction 976,749 3.7 293,300 7.0Transp. and commun. 1,735,593 6.7 345,300 8.2Trade, restaurants 2,909,425 11.2 702,000 16.7Finance, real estate 5,185,718 19.9 369,800 8.8Public administration 1,975,058 7.6 304,700 7.2Services 3,041,402 11.7 617,100 14.7Other 3,985,1953 15.33 507,4004 12.14

TOTAL 26,054,327 100.05 4,202,600 100.0

Communications units unitsnumber per 1,000 number per 1,000

Medium date in ’000s persons Medium date in ’000s persons

TelephonesCellular 2014 11,7267 1,1817

Landline 2014 3,011 303

Internet users 2009 6,176 618Broadband 2014 2,7167 2747

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