Hurricane LennyHurricane Lennywas the second-strongest NovemberAtlantic hurricaneon record. It was the twelfthtropical storm, eighth hurricane, and record-breaking fifthCategory 4hurricanein the1999 Atlantic hurricane season. Lenny formed on November13 in the westernCaribbean Seaand maintained an unprecedented west-to-east track for its entire duration. It attained hurricane status south ofJamaicaon November 15 and passed south ofHispaniolaandPuerto Ricoover the next few days. Lenny rapidly intensified over the northeastern Caribbean on November17, attaining peak winds of 155mph (250km/h) about 21mi (34km) south ofSaint Croixin theUnited States Virgin Islands. It gradually weakened while moving through theLeeward Islands, eventually dissipating on November23 over the open Atlantic Ocean.Before moving through the Lesser Antilles, Lenny produced rough surf that killed two people in northernColombia. Strong winds and rainfall resulted in heavy crop damage in southeastern Puerto Rico. Despite the hurricane's passage near Saint Croix at peak intensity, damage on the small island was only described as "moderate", although there was widespread flooding and erosion. Damage in the United States territories totaled about $330million. The highest precipitation total was 34.12in (867mm) at thepolice stationon the French side ofSaint Martin. On the island, the hurricane killed three people and destroyed more than 200properties. In nearbyAntigua and Barbuda, the hurricane killed one person; torrential rainfall there contaminated the local water supply. Significant storm damage occurred as far south asGrenada, where high surf isolated towns from the capital city.Contents 1Meteorological history 2Preparations 3Impact 3.1Central Caribbean 3.2Virgin Islands 3.3Lesser Antilles 4Aftermath 5See also 6Notes 7External linksMeteorological history

Map plotting the track and intensity of the storm according to theSaffirSimpson hurricane wind scaleHurricane Lenny began as alow-pressure areathat was first observed in the southwestern Caribbean Sea on November8. It developed an area ofconvectionbut remained poorly defined for the next few days. Thunderstorms spread across the region, producing heavy rainfall in portions of Mexico and Central America. On November13, the system became better organized; aHurricane Huntersflight later that day discovered a surface circulation andwindsof about 35mph (55km/h). The data indicated thedevelopmentof Tropical Depression Sixteen at 1800UTC, about 175mi (280km) south of theCayman Islands.[1]The depression's convection was fairly disorganized, and theNational Hurricane Center(NHC) did not anticipate any strengthening for three days.[2]For much of its existence, thetropical cyclonemaintained a track from west to east across the Caribbean Sea, which was unprecedented in theAtlantic hurricane database. The path resulted from its movement along the southern end of atroughover the western Atlantic Ocean.[1]After its formation, the depression gradually became better organized;[3]the NHC upgraded it to Tropical Storm Lenny on November14,[1]based on reports from the Hurricane Hunters. When it was first upgraded to a tropical storm, the cyclone already had winds of 65mph (100km/h) and a developingeye feature.[4]At 0000UTC on November15, Lenny attained hurricane status about 175mi (280km) southwest ofKingston, Jamaica.[1]The quick intensification was unexpected and occurred after a large area of convection blossomed over the center. At the same time, Lenny developed ananticyclonealoft, which provided favorable conditions for the hurricane's development.[5]After moving east-southeastward during its initial development stages, the hurricane turned more to the east on November15. The Hurricane Hunters reported winds of 100mph (160km/h), which indicated that Lenny had become a Category2 on theSaffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.[6]However, the cloud pattern subsequently became less organized as the eye disappeared, and Lenny's winds weakened to 85mph (140km/h) while the hurricane passed south of Hispaniola.[1]The NHC noted the deterioration could have been due to a disruption of the storm's small inner core by "subtle environmental changes". After the sudden weakening,[7]the Hurricane Hunters reported that the eye had reformed and the hurricane's winds had reached 100mph (160km/h). At the time, aridgewas expected to build to Lenny's east and turn the storm northeastward intoPuerto Rico24hours later.[8]Beginning on November16, Hurricane Lenny underwent a 24-hour period ofrapid deepening, reaching major hurricane status about 165mi (265km) south of theMona Passage.[1]It developed well-definedbanding features, goodoutflow, and a circular eye that was visible from the radar inSan Juan, Puerto Rico.[9]The hurricane continued to become better organized, with an eye 29mi (46km) in diameter surrounded by a closed eyewall.[10]Around 1200UTC on November17, Lenny intensified into a Category4 hurricane while approaching the islands of the northeastern Caribbean. It was the fifth storm of such intensity in the year, setting the record for most Category4 hurricanes in a season.[1]The hurricane then made its closest approach to Puerto Rico, passing about 75mi (121km) southeast ofMaunabo.[11]Shortly thereafter, Lenny attained peak winds of 155mph (250km/h) while passing 21mi (33km) south of the island ofSaint Croixin theUnited States Virgin Islands.[1]This made it the second-strongest hurricane on record to form during the month of November.[12]At the time, Lenny was also one of only four November major hurricanes,[11]but it was later joined byHurricane Michellein 2001 andHurricane Palomain 2008.[13]Hurricane Hunters reported Lenny's peak winds in the southeastern portion of the hurricane; the group also reported a minimumpressureof 933mbar, a drop of 34mbar in 24hours. In addition, adropsonderecorded winds of 210mph (339km/h) while descending to the surface, the highest dropsonde wind speed recording in a hurricane at the time.[1]Around the time it peaked in intensity, Lenny's forward speed decreased in response to lightsteering currentsbetween two ridges. Despite favorable conditions for strengthening, the hurricane weakened as it turned to an eastward drift, possibly due to theupwellingof cooler waters. Late on November18, Lenny's eye moved overSaint Martinwith winds of 125mph (205km/h). After continued weakening, the hurricane struckAnguillaandSaint Barthlemythe next day. It turned southeastward while still drifting, bringing heavy rainfall and strong winds to the islands across the northeastern Caribbean.[1]Late on November19, Lenny weakened to tropical storm intensity after increasedwind shearexposed the cyclone's center from the deepest convection.[1][14]Early on November20, the storm made landfall on Anguilla,[1]although by then the center had become difficult to locate.[15]Later that day, the cyclone exited the Caribbean,[16]continuing its southeast track. On November21, Lenny turned to the northeast and weakened to a tropical depression.[1]The deep convection was located at least 100mi (160km) east of the increasingly elongated center.[17]Lenny turned to the east for the final time early on November22, dissipating the next day about 690mi (1110km) east of the Lesser Antilles.[1]Preparations

Hurricane Lenny south of Saint CroixEarly in Lenny's duration, atropical storm warningand hurricane watch were issued for Jamaica. Later, a hurricane watch was issued for the southern coast ofHispaniola, and a tropical storm warning was also issued for the Dominican Republic.[1]Haitian officials declared a state of alert in three southern provinces and allocated about $1million (1999USD) in hurricane funds.[18]Residents in flood-prone areas were advised to evacuate in southern Haiti and in the neighboring Dominican Republic.[19][20]A hurricane watch was issued for Puerto Rico and theVirgin Islandslate on November15, which was upgraded to a hurricane warning six hours later.[1]By that time, Lenny was projected to move over Puerto Rico.[8]After Lenny made its closest approach to the island, the hurricane warning was downgraded to a tropical storm warning on November17, which was discontinued the following day along with the advisories in the Virgin Islands.[1]In Puerto Rico, the media maintained continuous coverage on the hurricane based on statements and warnings from the San JuanNational Weather Serviceoffice. Based on the coverage, the public was well informed of the hurricane's threat to the island. Before the storm and as a result of its impact, around 4,700people evacuated to 191shelters. This included 1,190residents inPoncewho evacuated to 27schools, as well as 584people in western Puerto Rico.[21]Officials closed all schools, banned the sale of alcohol, and ordered a freeze on the price of emergency supplies.[22]TheFederal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA) activated six medical assistance teams, three medical support teams, and two advance medical assessment units. The agency stored five days' worth of food in schools in the U.S. Virgin Islands.[23]Before the hurricane's arrival, U.S. Virgin Islands governorCharles Wesley Turnbulldeclared a state of emergency.[24]In St. Croix, 309people rode out the storm in shelters.[11]Officials opened eight shelters in theBritish Virgin Islands.[21]There, airlines and hotels assisted in evacuating tourists from the area.[25]Governments across the eastern Caribbean issued hurricane warnings as far south asMontserrat.[1]In Anguilla, residents near the coast were advised to evacuate. Schools closed ahead of the storm, and the ferry between the island and Saint Martin was halted and moved to a safe location. In Saint Kitts and Nevis, the National Emergency Management Agency was activated on November16. Officials there advised residents living nearghautsto evacuate, and one shelter was located in each district of the country. In addition, stores were open for longer hours to allow people to stock up on supplies.[26]Most businesses and schools were closed in Antigua and Barbuda during the storm, while in Dominica, the airport was closed.[27]Further south, there was little warning for the hurricane in Grenada, and most people left their boats in the water.[28]ImpactDeath Toll by Area

State/countryDeaths

Colombia2

Saint Martin3

Guadeloupe5

Martinique1

Offshore6

Total17

Across the eastern Caribbean, Hurricane Lenny damaged vital infrastructure, including roads and piers in the tourism-dependent islands. Most of the islands' tourism areas were on western-facing beaches, many of which were unprepared for the high waves and winds produced by Lenny.[29]Central CaribbeanEarly in its existence, Lenny produced large waves and high tides along theGuajira PeninsulainColombia,[1]sinking two boats and flooding 1,200houses. There were also reports of flooded businesses and damaged crops. In the country, strong winds on the storm's fringe killed a man by striking him with a beam. Although there were initial reports of nine people missing,[18]only two were counted in the death toll for mainland Colombia.[1]Two sailors were killed offshore when their yacht was lost in the southern Caribbean Sea.[1]Along theABC Islandsoff the north coast of Venezuela, the hurricane produced 10-to-20ft (3-to-6m) waves along the southwest coastlines.[30]The waves caused heavy beach erosion and coastal damage to properties and boats.[31]In Jamaica, the hurricane dropped heavy rainfall but left little damage. Rains in the Dominican Republic caused flooding in the country's southwest portion.[20]Flooding aroundLes Cayesin southwestern Haiti destroyed 60percent of the rice, corn, and banana plantations, while high waves wrecked several houses inCavaellon.[22]Hurricane Lenny was originally forecast to strike Puerto Rico, although it remained south of the island.[1]Beginning on November17, Lenny affected Puerto Rico with gusty winds and heavy rainfall. Rainfall in the days prior to Lenny's approach left areas susceptible to flooding, which caused many rivers in the northeastern portion of the island to overflow their banks following the storm. Such flooding forced towns to evacuate along the rivers, and also resulted in the closure ofsecondary and primary highways. The heavy rains also caused mudslides and rockslides.[11]The peak rainfall on the island was 14.64in (372mm) inJayuyain central Puerto Rico.[32]Tidesin San Juan were about 1.8ft (0.55m) above normal. There, high seas washed a 546-ft (166 m) freighter ashore. Winds in the Puerto Rican mainland were not significant, gusting to 48mph (77km/h) inCeiba. The storm left 22,000people without power and 103,000people without water.[11]Because of the heavy rainfall, about 200farmers in southeastern Puerto Rico sustained about $19million in crop damage (1999USD). In the affected region, the heavy rainfall destroyed 80percent of the vegetables and 50percent of the plantains. Damage throughout the island totaled $105million (1999US).[33]Virgin Islands

Property damage on the island of Saint CroixAfter passing southeast of Puerto Rico, Hurricane Lenny struck St. Croix in the United States Virgin Islands, although its strongest winds remained southeast of the island. There, gusts reached 112mph (180km/h), while sustained winds officially peaked around 70mph (120km/h). Strong winds damaged the roofs of many houses in eastern St. Croix[1]and knocked down trees and power lines. The winds left severe damage to vegetation after fruits and vegetables were blown away. Rainfall peaked at 10.47in (266mm),[32]which caused widespread flooding of many properties in the island's western portion. InFrederiksted, the hurricane produced astorm surgeof 1520ft (4.56m)[1]along with high waves that washed out roads and damaged coastal structures. There was also severe beach erosion in western St. Croix; high waves dumped 6.5ft (2m) of sand onto coastal roads about 100ft (30m) inland,[11]and also washed several boats ashore.[1]The National Weather Service described the damage as "moderate".[11]Elsewhere in the U.S. Virgin Islands, Lenny produced a storm surge of about 1.8ft (0.55m) inSt. Thomas.[1]Sustained winds on the island reached 53mph (85km/h) at theCyril E. King Airport, with gusts to 70mph (120km/h). On nearbySt. John, wind gusts reached 92mph (148km/h). Rains were not as heavy as on St. Croix; the maximum amounts were 4.34in (110mm) on St. Thomas and 2.95in (75mm) on St. John. Both islands reported beach erosion along their southern coastlines.[11]Damage on St. Thomas was minimal, limited to minor flooding and mudslides. TheVirgin Islands National Parkin St. John reported over $1.6million in damage (1999USD).[33]In Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, the hurricane left about $330million in damage (1999USD), but caused no deaths.[1]InVirgin Gordain the nearby British Virgin Islands, the hurricane produced sustained winds of 55mph (89km/h), with gusts to 85mph (137km/h). Rainfall amounted to around 4in (100mm)[1]and caused a mudslide near Coxheath. High waves eroded a portion ofSir Francis Drake Highway, and the high winds destroyed the roof of an apartment.[21]Property damage in the British Virgin Islands totaled $5.6million (1999USD); however, the damage combined with the loss of tourism and productivity yielded a loss of $22million to the islands' economy, or 3.1percent of thegross domestic product.[34]Lesser Antilles

Rainfall totals from LennyThe eye of Lenny moved over Anguilla, an island located east of the British Virgin Islands.[1]Localized flooding was reported,[35]including in the capital,The Valley, where waters reportedly reached a depth of 14ft (4.3m).[36]The hurricane struck only a month afterHurricane Josehad affected the region, causing significant beach erosion along Anguilla's coastline.[37]Damage from Lenny amounted to $65.8million.[38]Saint Barthlemy and theSSS Islands, which includeSaba,Sint Eustatius, and Saint Martin, were in the path of Hurricane Lenny on November18 through 19.[1]On Saint Barthlemy, the hurricane produced record-breaking precipitation of around 15in (380mm). Waves reached 16ft (4.9m) on the island's western portion.[1]On Saba, there was an unofficial wind gust of 167mph (268km/h) before the instrument blew away. The island sustained damage to several buildings, including airport facilities.[1]The highest precipitation related to the storm occurred at the police station on the French side of Saint Martin, where a total of 34.12in (867mm) was recorded.[32]This included a record 24-hour total of 18.98in (482mm). On the Dutch side of the island, rainfall peaked at 27.56in (700mm) inPhilipsburg.[1]The rains resulted in mudslides and flooding and were the primary form of impact on the island. For 36hours, Saint Martin experienced tropical storm conditions, and there were three times when the winds surpassed hurricane force. Sustained winds on the island peaked at 84mph (135km/h) at thePrincess Juliana International Airport;[31]these were the highest sustained winds observed on land.[1]The airport also reported a wind gust of 104mph (167km/h).[31]Due to the hurricane's unusual track from the west, it produced unparalleled waves of 1016 (35m) along the western coast of St. Martin,[31]which damaged or destroyed many boats.[1]During its passage, Lenny left widespread damage to the infrastructure, including to the airport, harbor, resorts, power utilities, schools, and hospitals.[39]As a result, the three SSS Islands sustained power and telephone outages.[40]There was widespread destruction of the roofs of houses across the island,[39]and over 200houses were destroyed.[41]Damage was estimated at $69million,[39]and there were three deaths on the Dutch side of St. Martin.[31]Two of these deaths were from flying debris, and the other was due to a collapsed roadway.[1]While passing over Antigua, Hurricane Lenny dropped 18.32in (465mm) of rain at theV. C. Bird International Airport, while locations in the southern portion recorded over 25in (640mm).[1]The rainfall caused severe flooding in Antigua, resulting in landslides in the northwestern and southern portion of the island.[29]Flooding washed out major roadways, including one bridge.[42]Along the coast, the storm caused severe beach erosion. About 65percent of Barbuda experienced flooding due to the rainfall and the island's flat topography. The flooding contaminated the water storage facilities and all private wells.[29]About 95percent of the crops in Barbuda were destroyed.[43]Damage in the country ofAntigua and Barbudatotaled $51.3million,[29]and there was one death.[44]The hurricane's waves reached 20ft (6.1m) along the coasts ofSaint Kitts and Nevis, washing up to 600ft (180m) inland. Several businesses were flooded, and some beach erosion was reported.[35]The hurricane destroyed 46homes and damaged 332others to varying degree.[44]Home damage forced four families to evacuate.[35]Heavy rains caused mudslides on Saint Kitts,[1]and heavy damage occurred inOld Road Town.[45]Damage in the country amounted to $41.4million.[42]In Montserrat, damage was reported along its western coastline.[35]After high waves capsized a boat, a crew of three required rescue.[46]Guadeloupereceived record precipitation amounts in some areas, generally ranging from 6 to 12 inches (150 to 300mm). OnGrande-Terre, the eastern island of Guadeloupe, the hurricane produced asignificant wave heightof 9.8ft (3.0m), with estimates as high as 13ft (4.0m). The extent of damage was from waves in the western portion of the island and from unrelated flooding inland. There were five deaths in Guadeloupe.[1]In Dominica, high waves damaged the island's western coastal highway, leaving the most heavily traveled road temporarily closed.[29]Road closures cut off links between towns on the island.[35]The hurricane destroyed at least 50homes,[47]including 3 that were washed away by the waves.[27]Hotels along the island's west coast sustained heavy damage, and across the nation the hurricane's impact was worse than that fromHurricane Luisfour years prior.[47]Damage on the island totaled $21.5million.[29]Rainfall of around 3in (76mm) reached as far south asMartinique, where one person was killed.[32]Further south, high waves inSaint Luciawashed away beaches, a seawall, and coastal walkways.[29]At least 40houses were damaged along the coast, which left several families homeless.[40]Damage in the country totaled $6.6million.[29]InSaint Vincent and the Grenadines, the hurricane washed away four buildings and damaged five others.[35]About 50people were left homeless in the country.[41]In westernGrenada, high waves affected much of the coastline,[29]destroying 21small boats and causing significant beach erosion.[1][29]The waves covered the entire Grand Anse Beach inSaint George Parish. The erosion heavily impacted tourist areas and also threatened the foundation of the runway at theMaurice Bishop International Airport. Storm damage cut off the towns in western Grenada from the capital city ofSaint George's. The cut-off roads resulted in an island-wide fuel shortage.[29]InSaint John Parish, the storm knocked out the water and power supply and forced several families to evacuate their damaged houses.[47]The small islandCarriacou, located north of Grenada, sustained damage to the road to its primary airport.[29]At least 10homes were destroyed in the country,[1]and damage totaled $94.6million; this represented 27percent of the island's gross domestic product.[29]Effects from the storm reached as far south asTrinidad and Tobago.[29]In the country, storm surge caused damage to boats and coastal structures, while beach erosion was reported in Tobago.[48]Aftermath

Damage to theFrederikstedPier in St. CroixFollowing heavy damage to the coral reef aroundCuraao, workers placedreef ballsto assist in replenishing the damaged structure.[49]In Puerto Rico, workers quickly responded to power and water outages. Similarly on Saint Croix, power systems were quickly restored.[50]On November23, U.S. PresidentBill Clintondeclared the U.S. Virgin Islands a disaster area. This allocated federal funding for loans to public and private entities and provided 75percent of the cost of debris removal.[51]By December10, nearly 3,000residents had applied for assistance, mostly on St. Croix. In response, the federal government provided about $480,000 to the affected people.[52]The United StatesOffice of Foreign Disaster Assistanceprovided $185,000, mostly directed toward theUnited Nations Development Programme, for aid to other islands in the eastern Caribbean. Other agencies, including theCaribbean Development Bank, the United Kingdom'sDepartment for International Development, and theEuropean Union, provided $1.1million in assistance.[29]In response to the damage on Saint Martin, officials in theNetherlands Antillesissued an appeal to theEuropean Parliamentfor assistance from the international community.[39]Due to their small population and area, the small islands of the eastern Caribbean required international funding to repair the damage from the hurricane and return to normal. In Antigua and Barbuda, officials worked quickly to repair roads and clean Barbuda's water system.[29]However, 20,000people in Antigua remained without water for a week after the hurricane, and the stagnant water caused an increase in mosquitoes.[42]The government of Dominica provided 42families with temporary shelters. With a loan from the Caribbean Development Bank, the government worked to complete a sea wall along a highway south of its capital Roseau. The Saint Lucian government provided housing to 70families. In Grenada, workers repaired the road system to allow fuel transportation across the island and began to reclaim land near its airport to mitigate erosion.[29]Regions in Antigua and Grenada were declared disaster areas.[44][53]Across the eastern Caribbean, local Red Cross offices provided food and shelter to affected citizens.[47]High damage to tourist areas caused a decrease in cruise lines. A damaged hotel in Nevis left 800people unemployed due to its closure.[54]Due to its effects, the name Lenny wasretiredby theWorld Meteorological Organizationand will never again be used for an Atlantic hurricane.[55]The name wasreplacedwith Lee in the2005 Atlantic hurricane season.[56]See also List of Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes List of retired Atlantic hurricane names List of South America tropical cyclonesNotes1. ^Jump up to:abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafagahaiajakalamanaoJohn L. Guiney (1999-12-09).Hurricane Lenny Preliminary Report(Report).National Hurricane Center. Retrieved2011-07-23.2. Jump up^Miles B. Lawrence (1999-11-13).Tropical Depression Sixteen Discussion One(Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved2011-07-23.3. Jump up^Richard Pasch (1999-11-14).Tropical Depression Sixteen Discussion Two(Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved2011-07-23.4. Jump up^Miles B. Lawrence (1999-11-14).Tropical Storm Lenny Special Discussion Five(Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved2011-07-23.5. Jump up^Richard Pasch (1999-11-15).Hurricane Lenny Discussion Seven(Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved2011-07-24.6. Jump up^Jack Beven (1999-11-15).Hurricane Lenny Discussion Eight(Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved2011-07-24.7. Jump up^Richard Pasch (1999-11-16).Hurricane Lenny Discussion Eleven(Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved2011-07-24.8. ^Jump up to:abJack Beven (1999-11-16).Hurricane Lenny Discussion Twelve(Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved2011-07-28.9. Jump up^Lixion Avila (1999-11-16).Hurricane Lenny Discussion Fourteen(Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved2011-07-29.10. Jump up^Richard Pasch (1999-11-16).Hurricane Lenny Discussion Fifteen(Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved2011-07-29.11. ^Jump up to:abcdefghPreliminary Storm Report on Hurricane Lenny November 1619 1999(Report). San Juan, Puerto Rico National Weather Service Office. Retrieved2011-07-30.12. Jump up^Michael Brennan (2009-01-26).Hurricane Paloma Tropical Cyclone Report(PDF)(Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved2011-07-29.13. Jump up^National Hurricane Center; Hurricane Research Division (May 7, 2015)."Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. RetrievedMay 24,2015.14. Jump up^Lixion Avila (1999-11-19).Tropical Storm Lenny Discussion Twenty-Six(Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved2011-07-30.15. Jump up^Miles B. Lawrence (1999-11-20).Tropical Storm Lenny Discussion Twenty-Seven(Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved2011-07-30.16. Jump up^James Franklin (1999-11-20).Tropical Storm Lenny Discussion Twenty-Eight(Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved2011-07-30.17. Jump up^James Franklin (1999-11-21).Tropical Depression Lenny Discussion Thirty-Two(Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved2011-07-30.18. ^Jump up to:ab"One death blamed on Hurricane Lenny; still threatens Caribbean". ReliefWeb. Agence France-Presse. 1999-11-16. Retrieved2011-08-14.19. Jump up^"Hurricane Lenny Gains Strength, Threatens Islands".Observer-Reporter. Associated Press. 1999-11-16. Retrieved2011-08-14.20. ^Jump up to:abMichael Norton (1999-11-14)."Late hurricane threatens Haiti, Puerto Rico".Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Associated Press. Retrieved2011-08-14.21. ^Jump up to:abc"NEAC Chairman Looks at Impact of Recent Hurricanes on the BVI".Island Sun. Retrieved2011-08-16.22. ^Jump up to:ab"Hurricane Lenny threatens Puerto Rico". BBC. 1999-11-17. Retrieved2011-10-10.23. Jump up^Federal Emergency Management Agency (1999-11-17)."FEMA Mobilizes in Response to Hurricane Lenny". ReliefWeb. Retrieved2011-10-10.24. Jump up^Cynthia Long (1999-11-17)."Hurricane Lenny heads for Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands".DisasterRelief.org. ReliefWeb. Retrieved2011-10-10.25. Jump up^Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency (1999-11-16)."CDERA Situation Report # 2 - Hurricane Lenny". ReliefWeb. Retrieved2011-10-10.26. Jump up^Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency (1999-11-16)."Situation Report # 3 - Hurricane Lenny". ReliefWeb. Retrieved2011-10-10.27. ^Jump up to:abInternational Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (1999-11-18)."Caribbean Hurricane Lenny Alert". ReliefWeb. Retrieved2011-10-10.28. Jump up^Peter Coles (2003)."The time of sands...". UNESCO. Retrieved2011-10-11.29. ^Jump up to:abcdefghijklmnopq"Hurricane Lenny Recovery in the Eastern Caribbean"(DOC).USAID. 2000-04-17. Retrieved2011-09-28.30. Jump up^Anja M. Scheffers (2002)."Paleotsunami Evidences from Boulder Deposits on Aruba, Curaao and Bonaire"(PDF).The International Journal of theTsunami Society20(1): 32. Retrieved2011-09-21.31. ^Jump up to:abcdeHurricanes and Tropical Storms in the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba(PDF)(Report). Netherlands Antilles and Aruba Meteorological Service. April 2010. Retrieved2011-09-21.32. ^Jump up to:abcdDavid Roth (2006-05-04)."Hurricane Lenny - November 1421, 1999".Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved2011-05-28.33. ^Jump up to:abStorm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena with Late Reports and Corrections(PDF)(Report)41(11). National Climatic Data Center. November 1999. Retrieved2012-04-08.34. Jump up^Jerinice Stoutt (2005-11-21)."Impact of Hurricanes on the BVI Economy". Government of the British Virgin Islands. Retrieved2011-08-16.35. ^Jump up to:abcdefCaribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency (1999-11-18)."Post Impact Report #1 - Hurricane Lenny". ReliefWeb. Retrieved2011-10-10.36. Jump up^Gillian Cambers (December 1999)."Late Hurricanes: a Message for the Region". UNESCO. Retrieved2011-10-11.37. Jump up^Wycliffe Richardson (1999-11-18)."Hurricane Lenny Batters St. Croix". Associated Press. Retrieved2011-10-11.38. Jump up^"Countries"(PDF).Health in the Americas2. 2007. Retrieved2011-10-10.39. ^Jump up to:abcdResolution on Hurricane Lenny St Martin West Indies(Motion for a Resolution). European Parliament. February 22, 2000. RetrievedJanuary 19,2013.40. ^Jump up to:abCarol Bareuther (1999-11-19)."Hurricane Lenny causes havoc in Caribbean". ReliefWeb. Reuters. Retrieved2011-10-10.41. ^Jump up to:abInternational Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (1999-11-18)."Eastern Caribbean: Hurricane Lenny Information Bulletin No. 3". ReliefWeb. Retrieved2011-10-10.42. ^Jump up to:abcUN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (1999-11-30)."Hurricane Lenny OCHA Situation Report No. 7". ReliefWeb. Retrieved2011-10-10.43. Jump up^Gary Padgett."November 1999 Tropical Summary". Retrieved2011-10-10.44. ^Jump up to:abcUS Agency for International Development (1999-11-23).Northeastern Caribbean Hurricane Lenny Fact Sheet #1, FY 2000(Report). ReliefWeb. Retrieved2011-10-10.45. Jump up^"Country Hazard Profiles". Area on Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Relief. 2008. Retrieved2011-10-10.46. Jump up^Carol Bareuther (1999-11-18)."Hurricane Lenny pounds Caribbean". ReliefWeb. Reuters. Retrieved2011-10-10.47. ^Jump up to:abcdInternational Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (1999-11-19)."Eastern Caribbean: Hurricane Lenny Information Bulletin No. 2". ReliefWeb. Retrieved2011-10-10.48. Jump up^Tropical Cyclones Affecting Trinidad and Tobago 1725-2000(PDF)(Report). Trinidad and Tobago Meteorological Service via the Internet Wayback Machine. 2002-05-02. Retrieved2011-10-13.49. Jump up^"Toegankelijk vanaf de volgende stranden"(in Dutch). Curacao Actief. Retrieved2011-09-25.50. Jump up^Federal Emergency Management Agency (1999-11-19)."Hurricane Lenny Update". ReliefWeb. Retrieved2011-10-10.51. Jump up^"Disaster Aid Ordered for Virgin Islands Hurricane Recovery". Federal Emergency Management Agency. 1999-11-23. Retrieved2011-10-10.52. Jump up^"Virgin Islanders Receive More Than A Half-Million Dollars In Federal Assistance". Federal Emergency Management Agency. 1999-12-10. Retrieved2011-10-10.53. Jump up^Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency (1999-11-20)."Post Impact Report #2 - Hurricane Lenny". ReliefWeb. Retrieved2011-10-10.54. Jump up^UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (1999-12-03)."Hurricane Lenny OCHA Situation Report No. 8". ReliefWeb. Retrieved2011-10-10.55. Jump up^"Retired Hurricane Names Since 1954". National Hurricane Center. 2011-03-16. Retrieved2011-06-06.56. Jump up^"Worldwide Tropical Cyclone Names". National Hurricane Center. 2006-01-06. Archived fromthe originalon 2006-02-09. Retrieved2011-06-06.External links National Hurricane Center Preliminary Report on Lenny Hurricane Lenny's trajectory Hydrometeorological Prediction Center Rainfall Report on LennyRetrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Lenny&oldid=663741712"Categories: 1999 Atlantic hurricane season Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes Hurricanes in Antigua and Barbuda Hurricanes in Jamaica Hurricanes in Puerto Rico Hurricanes in Saint Barthlemy Hurricanes in Saint Kitts and Nevis Hurricanes in Saint Martin Hurricanes in Sint Maarten Hurricanes in the Leeward Islands Hurricanes in the United States Virgin Islands Retired Atlantic hurricanes 1999 in Colombia 1999 in Puerto Rico 1999 in the United States Virgin Islands This page was last modified on 24 May 2015, at 01:37. 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