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Hydrogeologists Without Borders: Connec5ng Groundwater Professionals
with Interna5onal Development 2013 Joint CMOS-‐CGU-‐CWRA Scien7fic Congress
Saskatoon, SK, Canada – 26-‐30 May 2013
Michael E. Campana Oregon State University; HWB; and CEO, Ann Campana Judge
Founda7on (hOp://www.acjfounda7on.org) David Bethune and Cathryn Ryan
University of Calgary and HWB
Outline
1. Hydrogeology/Problem Statement 2. Water and Interna7onal Development
3. Groundwater Use 4. Capacity Building – Developing Region 5. Hydrogeologists Without Borders
(hFp://hwbwater.org)
What is Hydrogeology?
Geologic mapping
Drilling & instrumenta7on
Field measurements & GW sampling
Lab analyses & interpreta7on;
Modeling
Problem Statement Efforts to provide safe, improved
water supply in developing countries are thwarted and oaen fail because of
the inability to find, develop, and sustain supplies from groundwater. Why? Hydrogeology oaen not “well”-‐
integrated into interna7onal development efforts.
How Does Water Fit into Interna5onal Development?
‘WatSan, or WaSH ‘
Hydrogeology & WaSH Core Ac5vi5es
‘Water and Sanita7on’ Sector?
Hydrogeology fits into most, if not all, of these core ac5vi5es…..
• Drought or dry season resistant • Close to point of use • Oaen excellent natural quality • Can be developed incrementally • Extrac7on technology well-‐known • Naturally protected from contamina7on
Why Groundwater?
Two Rigs: 1) Shallow Wells; 2) Deep Wells Rig (1) is actually more complicated than (2)!
Mud rotary vs. cable tool
Pumps: 1) Hand Pump; 2) High Capacity
• Oaen polluted near where it is needed • Usually fully or nearly fully exploited • Unreliable seasonally; dams for storage • Highly impacted by storm events
Problems with Surface Water
• 50 % of potable water supplies
• 40 % of self-‐supplied industry
• 20 % of irrigated agriculture UNESCO (2003)
Worldwide Groundwater Use
UNESCO (2006) es7mates that half the world’s megaci7es and hundreds of other major ci7es on all con7nents rely upon or make significant use of groundwater.
Reliance of Megaci5es on Groundwater
Groundwater Use for Irriga5on Country Irrigated
Area (M ha)
Irriga7on Use
(km3/yr)
% GW
Bangladesh 3.8 13 69 India 50 460 53 Iran 7.3 64 50 Pakistan 14 151 34 Morocco 1.1 10 31 Mexico 5.4 61 27 Argen7na 1.6 19 25 China USA
48 25
408 178
18 42
Groundwater for Potable Water Supply in Africa
Algeria: > 60%
Libya: 95%
Mauritania: 80%
Nigeria: > 90%
South Africa: 65%
Ghana: 80% Over 75% of improved village and small town (i.e. rural) water supplies in sub-‐Sahara Africa are supplied by groundwater.
Groundwater Usage in Central America Country/City Popula7on
(millions) Groundwater Usage (%)
Belize 0.27 <50 Guatemala 12.6 >60
Guatemala City 2.2 90 Honduras 7.2 60-‐70
San Pedro Sula 0.90 60-‐70 El Salvador 6.9 >80 San Salvador 1.5 60 Nicaragua 5.5 95 Managua 1.3 100 Costa Rica 4.3 90 San Jose 1.0 64 Panama 3.2 50
Panama City 1.3 ND TOTAL 40 70-‐90
Rural water well in Guatemala
Importance of Groundwater in Central America
Capacity Building in a Developing Region
Example: Safe Water for the Embera Indians, Darién Province, Panamá
Loring Green Instruc5ng on the LS-‐100
Drilling the Well
Examining Cu[ngs
Installing the Gravel Pack
Finished!
2005: Ini7ated in Calgary by a small group of hydrogeologists 2007: Incorporated with Industry Canada 2010: Registered as a charity by the Canada Revenue Agency 2011: Board of Directors & Scien7fic CommiOee formed 2012: Retreat in Calgary; Mission & Vision Statements
HWB History
Board of Directors (secretary: Dr. Cathryn Ryan, University of Calgary)
Michael E. Campana Professor, Oregon State Univ.
John Cherry, Chair Adj. Prof., U. of Guelph
BernadeOe Conant Exec. Director, Canadian Water
Network
Greg Shyba CEO, Cross Conserva7on
David Bethune CARA Director, University of Calgary
Catherine Main Alberta Innovates Technology Futures
Peter Thompson Director, Training & Consul7ng CAWST.org
Scien5fic CommiFee
Dr. Ramon Aravena University of Waterloo Canada
Dr. Stephen Foster U.K.
Dr. Ricardo Hirata University of São Paulo, Brazil
Dr. David Kreamer University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Dr. Antonio Chambel University of Algarve Portugal
Pending addi7onal members from Africa and other regions
Vision A world where groundwater is developed and sustainably managed for community water supplies
Mission
Hydrogeologists Without Borders builds capacity in emerging regions to provide
safe, sustainable water supplies
Goal 1 Establish HWB as the “go-‐to portal” for pracBBoners on best pracBces for groundwater development and sustainability.
Goal 2 Facilitate the creaBon of a growing pool of professional and technical hydrogeologists in regions of criBcal need.
Goal 3 Facilitate increased applicaBon of sound hydrogeological principles and pracBces in aid and development programs.
Goal 4
Establish HWB as a valued partner and leader in internaBonal networks of organizaBons engaged in developing safe sustainable community water supplies.
Goal 5
Ensure that HWB maintains the financial resources necessary to deliver on its mission.
What HWB Isn’t
HWB is NOT another organiza7on drilling community water wells
rather HWB wants to FACILITATE and provide
ADDED VALUE to the water and sanita7on sector through CAPACITY BUILDING
Student Fellowships • For hydrogeology graduate students studying in programs in emerging regions
• For thesis research expenses • Students submit applica7on packages to HWB Scien7fic CommiOee for selec7on
M.Osorio M. Eduardo A. Amaya G. Flores C. Abrego
2012 Fellowships awarded to:
How You Can Get Involved
Make a regular financial contribu7on to HWB via CanadaHelps Go to: hOp://hwbwater.org Volunteer with HWB
How Can Your Organiza5on Get Involved?
• Directly support an ExecuLve Director to take HWB ‘to the next level’
• Fund development of appropriate capacity-‐ building materials (e.g. Wikipedia-‐type groundwater textbook)
• Sponsor (and mentor) an HWB student fellowship • Sponsor (and mentor) an HWB Chair at a partner university in an emerging region
