8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

1/35

8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

2/35

8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

3/35

cevni aiY (Type of flow) t

cevn cavbZ `yB aibi nZ cvi t-f~Mf cvwb cevn IDby LvZ cvwb cevn|f~Mf cvwb cevnt1.m cevn,

2.Am cevn,3.evcb cevn I4. KYv ev MwUf cevn|Dby LvZ cvwb cevnt Drcw I ewki Dci wfw Ki

cevnK wbgwjwLZ kYxZ fvM Kiv hvq|

cevni kYxtwi cevn, Awi cevn,mylg cevn, Amg cevn,ckv cevn, ` Z cevn,

AwZ` Z cevn, wiZ cevn Iwe z cevn|

8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

4/35

Zij c`v_ me`v Xvj eq wbPi w`K cevwnZnq| GB cevni AbZg KviY gavKlY kw| Zijc`v_i Dci _K wbP Pjv ev vb cwieZb K

cevn ej | 1885 mvj nbix Wvimx bvgK GKRbnvBWvwjK Bw wbqvi Dby i cvwbicevn wbq MelYv Pvjvb| wZwb Dby XvjwbPi w`K gavKlY kw viv Zij c`v_i vbcwieZb K cevn ej AwfwnZ KiQb| Ab

fve ejv hvq cvwb KYvi AfixY mvjbB nQcevn|

8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

5/35

d

d1

d2

d3

v

vv

0!dt

dv

GLvb d= cevn ii MfxiZv, v = MwZeM, t = mgq|

wi cevn (Steady Flow)

8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

6/35

8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

7/35

d

d1

d2

d3

v1

v2

v3

v

Awi cevn

0{dt

dv

GLvb d= cevn ii MfxiZv, v = MwZeM, t = mgq|

Awi cevn (Unsteady Flow)

8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

8/35

the Navarro River, at Hendy Woods State Park,

8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

9/35

d

d1

d2d3

v1

v2v3

v

myl g cevn

0!ds

dv 0!dn

dv

mylg cevn (UniformFlow)

GLvb d= MfxiZv, v = MwZeM, n = cevni w`K, s = Xvj|

8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

10/35

8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

11/35

Manning equation

where v = average flow velocity

n = Manning roughness coefficient

r = hydraulic radius

s = channel sloperestricted to uniform flow: constant depth and velocity along some length of channel

of constant cross-section and slope

8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

12/35

Amg cevn (Non-uniform Flow)

dd1d2

d3

v1

v2

v3

vs

A g n

0{ds

dv

0{dn

dv

GLvb d= MfxiZv, v = MwZeM, n = cevni w`K, s = Xvj|

8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

13/35

Awi cevn I

Amg cevnAthabasca b`x,Alberta.

8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

14/35

ckv cevn (Tranquil Flow)

DgVFr!

D = MfxiZvV = MwZeMg = gavKlY kw |dW b^i FrGi gvb 1 _K Kg nj ZvK ckv cevn

dW b^iK Frviv cKvk Kiv

InterpretationF1 supercritical or rapid flow

shallow and fast flow

8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

15/35

8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

16/35

` Z cven (Rapid Flow)

8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

17/35

QwetAwZ`Z cevn, Paranb`x

AwZ`Z cevn (Ultra RapidFlow)

8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

18/35

wiZ cevn(Laminar Flow)

Q

VVR

NR

hLb-V = average velocity of flow;

= mass density ofthe fluid.

R = hydraulic radius

= viscosity.

NR = Reynold Number.

Reynold Number Gi gvb 500 _K Kg nj ZvK wiZ cevn ej| ReynoldNumber Gi gvb 500 _K ekx nj ZvK we z cevn ej|

Reynold Number

8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

19/35

the Nile River across from the ancient city of Thebes

8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

20/35

8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

21/35

the Salmon River during the 1964 flood

8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

22/35

8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

23/35

3) Reynolds Number

provides an approximate measure of flow conditions

Re2000 = turbulent flowRe = v x r x r/m

where: v = average flow velocity

r = hydraulic radius

r = density of water

m = viscosity

1. F = v / sqrt(g x d)

where: v = average flow velocity

g = acceleration due to gravity

d = average depth

2. InterpretationF1 supercritical or rapid flow

shallow and fast flow

8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

24/35

8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

25/35

8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

26/35

8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

27/35

8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

28/35

8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

29/35

Lewiston Dam on the Trinity River,

8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

30/35

8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

31/35

8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

32/35

8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

33/35

El Chorro del Indio, San Cristobal

8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

34/35

8/6/2019 Hydrology 4

35/35