i can: distinguish the theories of intelligence copyright © allyn & bacon 2007
TRANSCRIPT
I CAN: I CAN:
• Distinguish the theories of intelligence
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Psychometric Theories of IntelligenceIntelligence is a
combination of abilities that can be measured by mental testing.
These tests often include analogies, classification or identification, and series completion.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
4 Major Psychometric Theories:1.Charles Spearman- factor analysis2.Raymond Cattell- fluid/crystallized3.Robert Sternberg- Triarchic4.Howard Gardner-Multiple Intelligence
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Charles Spearman
Developed “factor analysis”
Two factors“g” = general
intelligence“s” =
specific ability
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Raymond Cattell (same guy from personality unit)
Intelligence is broken down into two independent components
Crystallized Intelligence The knowledge a person has acquired, plus the ability to access that knowledge
Fluid Intelligence The ability to see complex relationships and solve problems
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Sternberg’s Triarchic TheorySternberg’s Triarchic Theory
Three types of intelligence:
Practical
Analytical
Creative
All people have all three to some degree
Most people are stronger in one type than the others
Intelligence is trainable
Intelligence is affected by and related to culture
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Sternberg’s Triarchic TheorySternberg’s Triarchic Theory
Practical Practical IntelligenceIntelligence
Analytical Analytical IntelligenceIntelligence
Creative Creative IntelligenceIntelligence
Ability to cope with the environment; “street smarts”
Ability to analyze problems and find correct answers; ability measured by most IQ tests
also called logical reasoning
Form of intelligence that helps people see new relationships among concepts; involves insight and creativity
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Gardner’s Multiple IntelligencesGardner’s Multiple Intelligences
LinguisticLinguistic
Logical-MathematicalLogical-Mathematical
SpatialSpatial
MusicalMusical
Bodily-KinestheticBodily-Kinesthetic
InterpersonalInterpersonal
IntrapersonalIntrapersonal
Sees traditional IQ tests as far too limited.
“An intelligence is the ability
to solve problems, or
to create products, that are valued
within one or more cultural
settings.”
Think of all of the people who aren’t “classically intelligent,” but who made great contributions to our culture.
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Gardner’s Multiple IntelligencesGardner’s Multiple Intelligences
LinguisticLinguistic
Logical-Mathematical
Spatial
Musical
Bodily-Kinesthetic
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
Often measured on IQ tests with reading comprehension and vocabulary tests
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Gardner’s Multiple IntelligencesGardner’s Multiple Intelligences
Linguistic
Logical-MathematicalLogical-Mathematical
Spatial
Musical
Bodily-Kinesthetic
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
Often measured on IQ tests with analogies, math problems and logic problems
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Gardner’s Multiple IntelligencesGardner’s Multiple Intelligences
Linguistic
Logical-Mathematical
SpatialSpatial
Musical
Bodily-Kinesthetic
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
Ability to form mental images of objects and think about their relationships in space
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Gardner’s Multiple IntelligencesGardner’s Multiple Intelligences
Linguistic
Logical-Mathematical
Spatial
MusicalMusical
Bodily-Kinesthetic
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
Ability to perceive and create patterns of rhythms and pitches
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Gardner’s Multiple IntelligencesGardner’s Multiple Intelligences
Linguistic
Logical-Mathematical
Spatial
Musical
Bodily-KinestheticBodily-Kinesthetic
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
Ability for controlled movement and coordination
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Gardner’s Multiple IntelligencesGardner’s Multiple Intelligences
Linguistic
Logical-Mathematical
Spatial
Musical
Bodily-Kinesthetic
InterpersonalInterpersonal
Intrapersonal
Ability to understand other people’s emotions, motives and actions
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Gardner’s Multiple IntelligencesGardner’s Multiple Intelligences
Linguistic
Logical-Mathematical
Spatial
Musical
Bodily-Kinesthetic
Interpersonal
IntrapersonalIntrapersonal
Ability to know oneself and to develop a sense of identity
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Gardner’s Three Other IntelligencesGardner’s Three Other Intelligences
Naturalistic Intelligence / Nature SmartA person who has the ability to identify and classify patterns
in nature.
Enjoys nature Caring for animals Likes to be outdoors
Spiritual IntelligenceGardner chose not to include spiritual intelligence amongst his
"intelligences" due to the challenge of codifying quantifiable scientific criteria.
Existential IntelligenceThe ability to be sensitive to, or have the capacity for tackling
deeper or larger questions about human existence, such as
the meaning of life - - why are we born - - why do we die
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Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory:
Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory:
• Each intelligence has its neurological base in a different area of the brain
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
A prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true
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Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
For example…If a person thinks we are clever or stupid, they will treat us that way.
If we are treated as if we are clever, stupid, etc…we will act, and even become, that way.
This is also known as the Pygmalion Effect.
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I CAN: I CAN:
• Distinguish the theories of intelligence
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007