“i know that you believe that you understand what you think i said, but i’m not sure you realize...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: “I know that you believe that you understand what you think I said, but I’m not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant.” - Richard Nixon](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649f0d5503460f94c21882/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
“I know that you believe that you understand what you think I said, but I’m not sure you
realize that what you heard is not what I meant.”
- Richard Nixon
Chapter 13Chapter 13Effective LanguageEffective Language
![Page 2: “I know that you believe that you understand what you think I said, but I’m not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant.” - Richard Nixon](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649f0d5503460f94c21882/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What does this mean?What does this mean?
I was on my way to the doctor with rear end problems when my universal joint gave way, causing me to have an accident.
![Page 3: “I know that you believe that you understand what you think I said, but I’m not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant.” - Richard Nixon](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649f0d5503460f94c21882/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Think of another analogy.Think of another analogy.
Being an effective communicator is like walking a tightrope. To be successful, you must work very hard at being exact and precise.
![Page 4: “I know that you believe that you understand what you think I said, but I’m not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant.” - Richard Nixon](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649f0d5503460f94c21882/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
What are advantages of the written word?What are advantages of the written word?
You have time to consider what it means
Punctuation clarifies But 90% of
communication is not written
![Page 5: “I know that you believe that you understand what you think I said, but I’m not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant.” - Richard Nixon](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649f0d5503460f94c21882/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The average person has a vocabulary of approximately how many words?
![Page 6: “I know that you believe that you understand what you think I said, but I’m not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant.” - Richard Nixon](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649f0d5503460f94c21882/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Average VocabularyAverage Vocabulary
10,000 words If you want to be effective, choose the
right ones. Be accurate!
![Page 7: “I know that you believe that you understand what you think I said, but I’m not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant.” - Richard Nixon](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649f0d5503460f94c21882/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Concrete vs. Abstract wordsConcrete vs. Abstract words
Abstract– Feelings– Qualities– Concepts
Examples– Freedom– Responsibility
![Page 8: “I know that you believe that you understand what you think I said, but I’m not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant.” - Richard Nixon](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649f0d5503460f94c21882/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Concrete vs. Abstract wordsConcrete vs. Abstract words
Concrete– See– Hear– Touch– Smell
![Page 9: “I know that you believe that you understand what you think I said, but I’m not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant.” - Richard Nixon](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649f0d5503460f94c21882/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Denotation and ConnotationDenotation and Connotation
Denotation– Meaning of the
word in dictionary
Connotation– Meaning associated
with the word MEANING
DEFINITION
![Page 10: “I know that you believe that you understand what you think I said, but I’m not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant.” - Richard Nixon](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649f0d5503460f94c21882/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What are associations with …What are associations with …
Mother
Success
![Page 11: “I know that you believe that you understand what you think I said, but I’m not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant.” - Richard Nixon](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649f0d5503460f94c21882/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Choose the Right WordChoose the Right Word
Have “economy of language” What does that mean to you?
WORDS
![Page 12: “I know that you believe that you understand what you think I said, but I’m not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant.” - Richard Nixon](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649f0d5503460f94c21882/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Rewrite these statementsRewrite these statements
At the beginning of the day, before I have my breakfast, I always work to keep my blood circulating and my body fit.
![Page 13: “I know that you believe that you understand what you think I said, but I’m not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant.” - Richard Nixon](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649f0d5503460f94c21882/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Rewrite these statementsRewrite these statements
Because of the way you look and because we have had so much fun together, you and I might not find it a bad thing to talk and do stuff together.
![Page 14: “I know that you believe that you understand what you think I said, but I’m not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant.” - Richard Nixon](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649f0d5503460f94c21882/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
ImageryImagery
Language that creates pictures
![Page 15: “I know that you believe that you understand what you think I said, but I’m not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant.” - Richard Nixon](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649f0d5503460f94c21882/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
MetaphorMetaphor
Figure of speech Compares two usually unrelated
things– The Constitution is the bond
which ties our country together.
Constitution
![Page 16: “I know that you believe that you understand what you think I said, but I’m not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant.” - Richard Nixon](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649f0d5503460f94c21882/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
SimileSimile
Uses the words “like” or “as”– Every day, our government spends
money like McDonalds sells hamburgers.
Billions of Burgers
and Dollars
![Page 17: “I know that you believe that you understand what you think I said, but I’m not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant.” - Richard Nixon](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649f0d5503460f94c21882/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
AllusionAllusion
Reference to a well-known person, place or thing– He is a Picasso.– He’s no Michael Jordan.– She’s his Juliet.
![Page 18: “I know that you believe that you understand what you think I said, but I’m not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant.” - Richard Nixon](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649f0d5503460f94c21882/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Contrast ImageryContrast Imagery
Antithesis– Contrast of one term to another
• Young or old, hot or cold, knowledgeable or ignorant
Oxymoron– Places opposition directly
side-by-side• She is momentarily the love of my life.
![Page 19: “I know that you believe that you understand what you think I said, but I’m not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant.” - Richard Nixon](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649f0d5503460f94c21882/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Contrast ImageryContrast Imagery
Irony– Things that imply the opposite of
what they seem to say on the surface• Reporting on a lawsuit against the Motley
Crue by someone who attended a 1992 concert, for damage to his hearing, the reporter said, ‘Yes, you certainly wouldn’t go to a rock concert expecting to hear loud music, now would you?”
![Page 20: “I know that you believe that you understand what you think I said, but I’m not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant.” - Richard Nixon](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649f0d5503460f94c21882/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Exaggeration ImageryExaggeration Imagery
Hyperbole– Exaggeration of the truth– “I am so hungry I could eat a horse.”
Understatement– Opposite of hyperbole– “Michael Jordan is a fairly decent
basketball player.”
![Page 21: “I know that you believe that you understand what you think I said, but I’m not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant.” - Richard Nixon](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649f0d5503460f94c21882/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Exaggeration ImageryExaggeration Imagery
Personification– Giving human characteristics to non-
human things• The eyes of profit are deceiving.• Don’t allow dishonesty to sneak up on you.
![Page 22: “I know that you believe that you understand what you think I said, but I’m not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant.” - Richard Nixon](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649f0d5503460f94c21882/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Music with Words–Music with Words–Sound DevicesSound Devices
Repeating individual sounds– Alliteration: repeat initial sounds
• A corporation must care about the consumer.
– Assonance: repeat vowel sounds• We believe that peace means a chance for all the
oppressed people of the world. (long e sound)
![Page 23: “I know that you believe that you understand what you think I said, but I’m not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant.” - Richard Nixon](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649f0d5503460f94c21882/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Music with Words –Music with Words –Sound DevicesSound Devices
Repeating individual sounds– Consonance: repeat consonants
Repeating Words or Groups of Words– Do not ask what our country can do for
you; ask what you can do for your country.– Treat your car with care and your car will
take care of you.
“CCCCCCCCC”
![Page 24: “I know that you believe that you understand what you think I said, but I’m not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant.” - Richard Nixon](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649f0d5503460f94c21882/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Repeating Word GroupsRepeating Word Groups
Parallelism
– Using the same grammatical form to express ideas that should be treated equally
Gettysburg Address
– “We cannot dedicate–we cannot consecrate–we cannot hallow this ground.”
– This is a driving cadence
![Page 25: “I know that you believe that you understand what you think I said, but I’m not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant.” - Richard Nixon](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649f0d5503460f94c21882/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Language to AvoidLanguage to Avoid
Jargon– Used in a line of work
Slang– Associated with groups
Euphemism– Words we substitute for harsh or
distasteful words Sexist, shocking or obscene language
![Page 26: “I know that you believe that you understand what you think I said, but I’m not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant.” - Richard Nixon](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649f0d5503460f94c21882/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Recalling the FactsRecalling the Facts
What is like walking a tightrope? What are the advantages of the written word? Along with accuracy of language what helps
create a positive speaking impression? What is the difference between concrete and
abstract words? What is the difference between the connotation
and the denotation of a word? What are the three types of imagery? What, in addition to imagery, is important for
effective speaking? Name the types of repetition in language. What types of language should be avoided?
Look Back on Page 366 of textbook
![Page 27: “I know that you believe that you understand what you think I said, but I’m not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant.” - Richard Nixon](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649f0d5503460f94c21882/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
VocabularyVocabularyconcrete wordabstract worddenotationconnotationmetaphorimagerysimileallusionantithesisoxymoronirony
understatementhyperboleeuphemismalliterationassonanceconsonanceparallelismjargonslang
List on Page 339 of textbook