I N T E R N A T I O N A L C H R O M I U M D E V E L O P M E N T A S S O C I A T I O N

ACTIVITY REPORT 2017

2 • Activity Report 2017 - International Chromium Development Asssociation

Welcome to ICDA’s Activity Report, highlighting key elements of the work of our Committees, 2017 has been another very successful year for ICDA in support of the global chromium industry. First of all, our two conferences were very interesting with the presentations well received by the audience and very good expert speakers with topics from chrome ore to ferrochrome, from corporate social responsibility to technical advancements, update of stainless steel and chrome chemicals application. Also with the two plant tours to Kazchrome in Aktobe and to Anglo American's Amandelbult discovering the production of UG2, we had respectively 60 and 45 delegates, the biggest in 2017!The work of the Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) Committee continued to produce the figures from members to follow-up the Safety performance, Team Stainless launched a cobalt bio-elution test on stainless steels, made by KTH, showing a release very low amounts of Co and mostly a publication

of a document about the ferrochrome slag use and a conference in France in October.Due to the Market Intelligence Committee our Members benefit about the electronic data collection from our producers, ''key figures'' pages very rich, the Weekly Market Update improved successfully, publication of brochures like chrome ore reserves / resources, foundry sand brochures, energy publication and update of the Chinese ferrochrome brochure.The Chrome Ore Committee organized the first UG2 workshop in Johannesburg knowing that production is increasing, the chrome chemicals and metals continue their meetings to maintain high standards in health safety and environmental protection, ICDA making the first conference in Shanghai about the chrome plating, preparing a video that would present the ICDA value and benefits and wishing improving the Communication.By raising the profile of chrome amongst key audiences such as manufacturers, engineers, architects and specifiers, ICDA’s Market Development Committee works to increase global demand, promoting its use in new and existing applications.With Team Stainless we had some project done like martensitic brochure, update of stainless scraps by Yale University. In China, through the CSCPG we helped them to demonstrate a shift in the end use sectors away from industrial machinery to metal goods. We started a project in the carbon steel and alloys sector.For the future, following the Council strategic session defining schedule actions in 2018, ICDA will continue to raise the profile of chrome industry. My thanks go to our Members for their commitment and support of the ICDA team work for their outstanding contributions in 2017 and enjoy read!

Message from President & Secretary General

The new ICDA Council was elected in April 2017 and consists of 21 ordinary members, which is two more members than the previous council representation. This new council will be in office for two years, with the new council being elected in April 2019. I was honoured to be elected President of the ICDA and as such, committed myself to strengthening what had already been put in place while supporting new ambitious projects aimed at securing the success of our industry.The chrome industry recovered from mid-2016 and into 2017, mainly due to growth in stainless steel demand, mainly driven by increased domestic consumption in China.In this last year the ICDA was home to 101 members including seven new companies (one ordinary, five associates and one affiliate). We thank these companies for joining and contributing to our dynamic community. The ICDA hosted two successful conferences during the year – one in Astana

(Kazakhstan) in April and one in Johannesburg (South Africa) in November, which was attended by 260 delegates, including approximately 40 Chinese delegates, making it the ICDA’s best attended conference.The ICDA Council held a strategic seminar in August 2017 where we had an opportunity to review the main focus areas for the ICDA and as a result, the council has mapped out a 42-point action plan comprising 24 items related to the ICDA's services and 18 items related to internal procedures such as governance, ethics, management and HR.The ICDA’s mission to be relevant at a local level, and be the voice of the chromium industry globally and promote chromium in all its forms stays unchanged. We have, however, set new strategic goals. Among the changes implemented, we have launched a China Sub Council, which will meet once-a-quarter, new market development programs, a UG2 workshop and a new global structure - all with the objective to grow and protect the chromium market, promote demand through new applications and products, and most importantly maintain our industry’s license to operate.I would like to extend my thanks to the ICDA employees and the council for their encouraging input and support of the new strategy, and sincere gratitude to all the committee members who generously volunteer their time to promote the agendas of their respective committees. And especially to the new and existing ICDA members who continue to support the ICDA through excellent sponsorship, attendance and interaction at the conferences. We have achieved a number of important milestones in 2017 and I believe that we have set the course for a successful year ahead and will continue to explore every opportunity to strengthen and promote the chrome industry.

Phoevos PouroulisPresident

Philippe RichardSecretary General

International Chromium Development Asssociation - Activity Report 2017 • 3

2017 Chrome Industry ReviewJanuary

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

• KWG Resources Inc., Probe Resources Ltd. and Noront Resources Ltd. have previously reported (in regulatory filings) that there have been 343.4 Mt of chromite delineated by exploration drilling completed there to date, to a very shallow depth.• China’s parliament passed a law that will levy specific environmental protection taxes on industry for the first time in 2018, as part of a renewed focus on fighting the country’s pollution woes.• Oman's Gulf Mining plans to triple its HC FeCr production capacity, amid strong demand, the current capacity of 50 Kt/year, will be expanded to 150 Kt/year before 2020.• Indian Stainless Steel Development Association (ISSDA) has urged the government to raise effective basic customs duty on stainless steel flat products from 7.5% to 12.5% to bring it on par with carbon steel.

• Platinum group metals miner Anglo American Platinum is aiming to add value to its existing basket of commodities with the commissioning of a new Cr recovery plant at its Thabazimbi-based Amandelbult complex, in Limpopo. • Zimbabwe’s FeCr production is expected to double to 300 Kt this year after the government allocated Cr concessions to small mining companies as part of efforts to boost output.•The U.S. Commerce Department stepped closer to placing duties on imports of stainless steel sheet and strip from China; the products were dumped in the U.S. market at below fair value.• China's stainless steel production has regained momentum in February with an expectation of 2.2 Mt, up from 2 Mt in January.

• Anglo American Platinum agreed to sell its Union mine, and its stake in a Cr company (Masa Chrome), to Siyanda Resources.• Major processors in Europe and USA continue to compete aggressively for stainless steel scrap and suitable blending items to meet all mill demands in a tight supply market.• Tata Steel’s recently commissioned FeCr plant at Gopalpur Industrial Park in the Ganjam district of Odisha has achieved a major milestone with commencement of production at a capacity of 55 Kt per annum.

• Indonesia has imposed a ban on unprocessed nickel ore exports, especially to China. The Chinese Tsingshan Group has already announced an investment in an Indonesian plant to produce nickel pig iron (NPI)• South African firm, Portnex International and Zimasco, which is currently under judicial management, have resolved their differences and are now working to improve operations at the FeCr producer’s installations.• The key export destination for Japanese stainless steel products used to be China, but exports to China declined by 4.5% over 2016 and the number one importer at the beginning of 2017 was South Korea. Their third largest importer was Thailand.

• Requests for prospective rights and inquiries from investors flooded the Zimbabwe Ministry of Mines, which in turn negotiated with top producers Zimasco and Zimalloys to get them to cede some of their claims for redistribution. • African Chrome Fields invested $200 million in Cr and FeCr projects whilst an Indian investor was set to invest $100 million to revive Zimalloys.• The government of Ontario reaffirmed its commitment to launching and supporting the Ring of Fire project with a CAD 1 billion package. A delegation, led by KWG resources, went to China to promote the Ring of Fire project to investors.• ERG started mining a new chrome deposit, in Kazakhstan’s 10th Anniversary of Independence mine, with mineable reserves of over 3 Mt. The deposit was expected to produce 300 Kt/y of chrome ore.• South Africa’s cabinet approves the publication of a revised Mining Charter by the government. The industry complains that it has not been consulted regarding these revisions.

• The Chamber of Mines announced that it would apply for a court date for a declaratory order on continuing

• The Federation of Indian Mineral Industries (FIMI) delivered the Hindustan Zinc Health & Safety Award to IMFA’s Sukinda Chromite Mines. This announcement coincides with the Odisha State Pollution Control Board green lighting the restart of mining activities in IMFA’s Sukinda and Mahagiri mines following a suspension on April 11th. • The Chinese government announced it would lead a new round of anti-pollution checks in the Sichuan province that would last 12 to 15 days. These checks were set to reduce the country’s FeCr supply as almost all FeCr producers in Sichuan would be forced to suspend their operations. Some producers had already started to idle their operations in anticipation of these checks. • Zimbabwe announced it had generated about $22.6 million from 153 Kt of chrome ore exported through toll arrangement since 2016. It added that in addition to the revenue from the ore, it had generated another $6 million from alloy sales. • The South African Minister of Mineral Resources gave a written undertaking that the Reviewed Mining Charter would not be implemented in any way pending judgement in the urgent interdict application brought by the Chamber of Mines. The hearing was scheduled for Tuesday July 18th but was pushed back to September at the request of both parties.

• Ontario Premier Kathleen Wynne announced that the provincial government would be moving ahead with the project to build a road to the Ring of Fire. The province would work with three of nine First Nations to build year-round road access into a proposed mining development site being pursued by Noront Resources Ltd. Wynne said the communities were set to start environmental assessments by January, and plan to begin construction in 2019.• SODEVCO announced a new partnership with South African company JHDA Ltd to assist them in the design and fabrication of the first and only chromite processing plant in Afghanistan. The plant will be constructed in Johannesburg by JHDA Ltd and will then be shipped to Afghanistan for assembly and commissioning. Once active, the plant will be able to process 600 tons of chromite per day and will produce high-grade Cr ore.

• Zimbabwe: African Chrome Fields announced it would commission a new $15 million aluminothermic plant to process Cr fines into FeCr by February 2018. The plant would have a capacity to process 60 Kt of Cr ore per month.• The Zimbabwe government directed Apple Bridge Investment, a state entity created to help small-scale miners sell their product, to buy all Cr supplied by small-scale Cr producers following complaints by the miners that private smelters were buying the mineral below the market price and that that Apple Bridge was insisting on deliveries of at least 250 tonnes, which they could not manage. • Jubilee Platinum PLC announced that it had entered a new partnership agreement with Dilokong Chrome Mines. The agreement with Dilokong Chrome Mines enables it to increase third party ore treatment by up to 40 Kt/month over an initial period of three years. • Hernic Ferrochrome entered voluntary business rescue after it was notified by its key lender that it was expected to be in breach of certain conditions of its credit facility by 1 April 2018, a breach that the lender is not in a position to waive.• The Minerals and Marketing Corporation of Zimbabwe (MMCZ) visited China to discuss development opportunities with potential investors.• Zimbabwe’s HC FeCr exports rose 400% in January-September 2017, driven by improved prices and higher

production, making it the second highest mineral exported during the period under review. Local FeCr processors produced 248 Kt, up from 96 Kt in the same period last year, representing a 257% growth YoY.

• Reconstruction began at the Zimbabwe Mining Development Corporation owned Alaska Smelting Plant after 20 years of inactivity as the company entered into a 10-year lease agreement with Parrogate Zimbabwe. Parrogate announced it would invest $18 million into the reconstruction project, which they expect to potentially yield 2.5 Kt of FeCr per month for a hypothetical total of $40 million a year. According to Parrogate, the plant would initially rely on local small-scale miners before applying for its own claims later on. • Afarak Group plc announced that it has reached an agreement in principle to acquire a 70% shareholding in Zeerust Chrome Mine from Afrika Mineral Trading & Investment Trust for ZAR20 million over a 12-month period. The remaining 30% would be allocated to workers, community and other BEE partners. In addition to the mine, the company will acquire an existing processing plant, with a production capacity of 15Kt/month, 900 ha of farmland and 20 houses.• Pallinghurst Resources announced it would produce Cr at Sedibelo Platinum Mines (SPM) from November onwards. The company said some 10 Kt/month in Cr production was expected from the mine following the commissioning of a plant due to activate in November.• Zimbabwe: chrome smelting company, MonaChrome Private Limited’s is set for full scale revival pending the payment of $4 million to its creditors by the new investor, NK Trading. The German investor is expected to start production at the Selous based smelter once modalities around payment of creditors are concluded.• China’s fifth largest FeCr producer, Yuanda Juhua, explored opportunities to build smelters in Zimbabwe to secure raw materials for its business. Three senior officials from the Yuanda Juhua group were in Zimbabwe to meet the Minerals and Marketing Corporation of Zimbabwe (MMCZ).

• US specialty metals producer Allegheny Technologies (ATI) reached an agreement with China-based Tsingshan Group to form a joint venture in North America to manufacture stainless steel sheet at a previously idled ATI facility in western Pennsylvania. The first shipments are expected in early 2018. • Zimbabwe: following a “soft coup”, Robert Mugabe stepped down after ruling over the country for 37 years. Former Vice-President Emmerson Mnangagwa, who pledged to bring foreign investment back to Zimbabwe, replaced him. This political change came amid calls from experts in the mineral industry for the Zimbabwean government to develop mineral beneficiation policies and attract more foreign investors, a call echoed by officials who had engaged in talks with Chinese investors to develop the Cr and FeCr industry in Zimbabwe.• Traxys North America reached an agency agreement with the Zimbabwean FeCr producer Zimasco to serve as its North American agent. This agreement will grant Traxys exclusive rights to market and distribute Zimasco FeCr products in North America. The agreement will become effective on January 1st 2018. • Zimasco met its creditors to deliberate on the proposed scheme of arrangement to allow it to come out of judicial management. This comes after Zimasco made a turnover of more than $158 million over a 16-month period.• The hearing of the Chamber of Mine’s application for the judicial review of South Africa’s Revised Mining Charter was pushed back from December 2017 to February 2018.

December• Zimasco is expected to come out of judicial management in early 2018 after agreeing to a successful turnaround plan that will enable the company to pay its creditors within five years.• Balasore Alloys concluded a $100 million investment deal with ZimAlloys, allowing the Zimbabwe FeCr producer to work towards coming out of judicial management. Operations should resume in the next 18 months. • Yildirim Group and Midural Group agreed on and signed a 7-year offtake agreement with fixed commercial terms for all products of Midural Group’s future LC FeCr and ultra-LC FeCr and Cr metal.

empowerment consequences, as well as immediately seeking an interim court interdict to suspend the implementation of Mining Charter III. The National Union of Mineworkers is mostly satisfied with the document but says it does not go far enough on black ownership targets• Lanxess announced that the chrome value chain of its leather business would be streamlined, seeking to centralize its operations in South Africa as the production set-up at the Argentinean site is not competitive. In this context the company announced it would stop production at the Zárate site in Argentina in Q4 2017 and close the existing facilities.

4 • Activity Report 2017 - International Chromium Development Asssociation

Tharisa Minerals, South Africa Phoevos PouroulisPresident

ERG B.V., NetherlandsUdo KleinVice President

ICDA COUNCIL

Afarak Group, FinlandSeyda Caglayan

Aperam S.A., LuxembourgCarl Landuydt

DCX Chrome, FranceYoran Guenegou

ELG Haniel GmbH, GermanyMagnus Völkner

Glencore, South AfricaSven Friedrich

IMFA, IndiaDeepak Kumar Mohanty

Jindal Stainless Ltd., IndiaRamamurthi Ganesh

Lanxess (Pty) Ltd.,South AfricaMike Techow

Mintal Group Chrome Ind. Sc. & Tech., Co., Ltd, ChinaJonathan Qiu

Nippon Steel & Sumikin Stainless Corp., JapanYuji Kubo

Ore & Metal, South AfricaCarina Claassen

Outokumpu Chrome Oy, FinlandMauri Kauppi

Rand York Minerals, South AfricaZelda du Preez

Samancor Chrome, South AfricaGraham Price

Shanxi WanYang International Trading Co., Ltd., ChinaHelen Yang

Tata Steel, IndiaM.C. Thomas

TELF AG, SwitzerlandMark Teroerde

Yieh United Steel Corp., TaiwanJeff Yang

Yildirim Group / Eti Krom A.S.,TurkeyYasar Ozdirek

The Vice-President elected Dwaraka Sundara Ramam from Tata Steel has been replaced by Udo Klein from ERG B.V. end of August and welcome to some new persons: Deepak Kumar Mohanty, IMFA Group (India) and M.C. Thomas, Tata Steel (India).

Activities and achievementsICDA Council Election

The Council Members were warmly thanked of their participation:AMG Superalloys UK Ltd., United KingdomCellMark Metals/Sonaco Trading AB, SwedenHernic Ferrochrome (Pty) Ltd., South Africa

Welcome to the 3 new Members:Afarak Group, FinlandDCX Chrome - Groupe Delachaux, FranceTELF AG,Switzerland

ICDA Council was reconstituted in April 2017 In Astana, Kazakhstan for a mandate of 2 years. Election was done by e-vote (included in the ICDA by-laws) guarantee the maximum participation of all companies in good standing.46 Members over 52 good-standing Ordinary Members have voted. As per the ICDA by-law the new ICDA President Phoevos Pouroulis proposed to add in the new Council 2 Members: Ore & Metal Company Ltd. and Aperam S.A. The vote in the Council meeting for these 2 Members was a majority. The new Council has now 21 members.

International Chromium Development Asssociation - Activity Report 2017 • 5

Mintal Group, ChinaJonathan Qiu

Activities and achievements

Meetings in 2017- April 25, 2017 - Astana, Kazakhstan- November 7, 2017 - Johannesburg, South Africa

2017 TeleconferencesJanuary 20June 2September 15

- Organise a strategic session with the new Council in August 2017 in Paris, to discuss a broad vision for the ICDA with need to define the action plan for future.- Agreed to define a precise framework in which the ICDA can operate in accordance with internationally recognised antitrust rules- ICDA to have a code of ethics applicable to its industry, document drafted by M.Teroerde, Telf AG.-In order to better federate the China chrome industry in ICDA, aChina Sub Council headed by Jonathan Qiu, Mintal was created, to responsible for sourcing the expectations and needs from the China industry towards ICDA and help implementing it. -The current accountancy firm since 2015 having few satisfaction, the Management agreed to be back to the previous company (accountancy and auditing, DMP).

October 6 December 11

Outokumpu Chrome Oy, FinlandMauri Kauppi

Glencore, SwitzerlandSven Friedrich

Tharisa Minerals,South AfricaPhoevos Pouroulis

Yildirim Group,Eti Krom A.S.,TurkeyYasar Ozdirek

Rand YorkMinerals,South AfricaZelda du Preez

MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE

"First of all, I thank Sundara Ramam for managing the committee and I am very happy to succeed him. The Management Committee work closely with the Paris Office to deliver greater value to the Association’s

members. ICDA team has achieved great results in terms of statistical data and reports, brochures, HSE... Now, we need our endeavour to continue to play a pivotal role in the development of chrome industry in all its forms like a greater representation in China, Committees’ activity and conferences. I am very pleased to welcome our new delegates."

ERG B.V., NetherlandsUdo Klein - Chairperson

April 26, 2017 - Astana, Kazakhstan

The ICDA Council gathered twice in 2017 to discuss current strategic issues and approve proposed projects.

Strategic Meeting - August 28-30, 2017 - Chantilly, FranceThis strategic seminar has been an opportunity to review the main important subjects for ICDA at the moment, its value proposition and service offering to diverse current and potential members and other "clients", in many communities and countries (including China for which specific actions have been decided) and more internal concerns regarding governance, management, HR and ethics. During the seminar, the Council designed a 42-point action plan: 24 are about ICDA’s services / value proposition (incl. to Chinese companies) while 18 are about ICDA’s internals: governance, ethics, management and HR. The next steps / roadmap for the next 30 days have also been defined in order to help the contributors start working immediately in order to get tangible results as soon as possible. ICDA thank you the Council Members for your commitment and participation contributing to a constructive strategy session and also Will strategy Consulting for the excellent work during these two days.

Meetings in 2017

- 140 overall participants of which 118 Members but no Chinese Members were attending this event in 2017.- As of today, the financial situation for the year 2017 is following the forecasted budget, and nothing special, nor alarming, is to be mentioned.- The Council thanked ERG and ELG Haniel GmbH for sponsoring the ICDA Members’ Meeting.- All Members thank very much Jeff McLaughlan and wish him all the very best for the future

November 7, 2017 - Johannesburg, South Africa- First time that we had 260 attendees including 38 Chinese - Recalled about the Strategy session feedback and actions like: • Antitrust framework for the ICDA • High priority for the ICDA to have a code of ethics applicable to its industry • China Sub Council: responsible for sourcing the expectations and needs from the • China industry towards ICDA and help implementing it- Following few satisfaction related to the current accountancy since 2 years, ICDA will back to the DMP, former accountant for more than 12 years, gave satisfaction for high quality and reliable services.

Thank you Sundara RamamOn behalf of all the friends of the chrome industry, we warmly thank Sundara Ramam for taking his position in Council and for your contribution of the Management Committee, who decided to leave ICDA, since you had a new activity in Tata Steel Ltd.

6 • Activity Report 2017 - International Chromium Development Asssociation

Seyda CaglayanAfarak Group,Turkey

Mike Techow Lanxess (Pty) Ltd., South Africa

Karel Meyer LBH Mozambique,South Africa

Jill Wolfe Masa Chrome(Pty), Ltd.South Africa

Helen Yang Shanxi WanYang Int Trading Co., Ltd, China

Yasar Ozdirek Yildirilm Group, Eti Krom A.S., Turkey

CHROME ORE COMMITTEE

"’2017 has been a busy year for the Chrome Ore Committee with a number of key initiatives undertaken, firstly the first UG2 workshop held in Johannesburg during the open conference This UG2 workshop was well

represented by the UG2 producers highlighting their importance as major ore supplier with production rising 12.8% from 2015 to 2016 reaching 4.40 Million tonnes producedin South Africa from the platinum industry. The Chrome Chemicals and Metal workshop was started in 2013, with 8 workshops being held at the various conferences and has seen a positive evolution with regular and independent engagement with a dedicated group of delegates,. We are planning a second workshop for both the UG2 and Chrome Chemicals and Metal in the second half of 2018.

Rand York Minerals, South AfricaZelda du Preez - Chairperson

Activities and Achievements

This recognition was given to Mike Techow, Lanxess (Pty) Ltd. at the Chromium 2017 Gala dinner for having re-initiated the ICDA activities towards chrome chemicals and metal, making the organisation truly the voice of the entire chromium industry.

Personnality of the year - Award 2017

3rd South Africa Chrome Industry DinnerOctober 19, 2017 - Johannesburg, South AfricaIt was a huge success! ICDA sponsorship and a presentation highlihting ICDA value and benefits given by Phoevos Pouroulis, ICDA President. Promoting Chromium 2017, extra attendees registered following the chrome dinner.

UG2 workshop: Meet the ICDA November 6, 2017 - Johannesburg, South Africa

Thank you to those of you who took the time to attend our first UG2 workshop and ICDA has to be open a dialogue with the UG2 producers in terms of your needs and the services we can bring you. UG2 is becoming increasingly used in ferrochrome industry and production.With the support of ICDA Member Anglo American, we organised the first working group that explore UG2-related

topics, educate the industry at all levels and federate the UG2 producers within the ICDA.

Idea is to have a video that would present the ICDA value and benefits in a nutshell. ICDA Member participating in the video, short sequence with a few words related to what the ICDA means to you.

ICDA promotional video

The winners of the Awards:1- Safety Award: Dwarsrivier Chrome Mine2- Corporate and Social responsibility Award: Dwarsrivier Chrome Mine3- Best Contribution to the Chrome Industry - Lifetime Award: Jeff Mclaughlan4- Enviromental Award: Tharisa Minerals5- Best Service Provider to the Chrome Industry: C. Steinweg Bridge (Pty) Ltd

The Chrome Ore Committee launched a number of new projects namely the ICDA brand video, the production quiz, the chrome personality of the year as well as the new updated ICDA website to be launched later in 2018. The Chrome Ore Committee is committed to improving communication and the ICDA brand."

International Chromium Development Asssociation - Activity Report 2017 • 7

"Since the creation of the workshop in 2013, we have had it at each ICDA conference every year. The work done and discussions that have been held are positive contributions for our markets that are still under a lot of pressure, but the involvement of the members confirms the need for such representation in the industry. We need to maintain high standards in health safety and environmental protection and continue different activities such as end-user presentations, striving towards

compilation of statistics on use of various types of Chrome ore in the industry and the downstream use of all products to provide information to the organisations such as REACh and ECHA that play a major role in the future regulations that will affect us all, and participating in chrome related meetings around the world. Production of the chrome industry video is nearing completion and will be available very soon. I would like to thank all the chrome chemicals and metal industry members for your support and their participation."

CHROME CHEMICALS AND METAL SUBCOMMITTEELanxess (Pty) Ltd., South AfricaMike Techow - Chairperson

Activities and AchievementsChrome Chemicals and Metal Workshop No.7April 27, 2017 - Astana, Kazakhstan

Chrome Chemicals and Metal Workshop No.8November 8, 2017 - Johannesburg, South Africa

- Mike Techow at the 7th meeting thank you Federico Brugnoli representative the Unione Nazionale Industria Conciaria (UNIC) leather tanning in Italy.

- Make a video would be a very good communication tool and could also stress the importance of best practices as well as the variety of applications.

- It is really important to know the production of the Cr ore use for SDC and about the final products as it is help to see the market, increases (good) or decreases (due to change of process) in order to react. The Excel file will be sent and information will be distributed to workshops members.

- Propose to organize a HSE group (conf. call) concerning the issue of chemicals & metal, identifying regulatory and hazard issues.

- Working group to be established to focus on highly relevant topics e.g. Leather Tanning Association views on future industry threats

- 2nd ICDA/Chinese Chromium Plating Association conference about chrome plating in Shanghai in September 2018

- As in Tirana to invite in workshop 9 in Paris-Members’ Meeting, end-users to make presentation.

1st Conference of Chrome Plating September 26, 2017 - Shanghai, China Organised by China Surface Engineering Association (CSEA) and ICDA sponsoring.100 attendees of end-users of chrome plating. Chrome plating with high hardness provide products a bright surface and use of trivalent chromium in processing is harmless for consumers.

There were 4 presentations about the safety of industry using a process trivalent chromium (CrIII). The participants (using CrVI) were happy to listen about some safe processes (a more environment-friendly process) for encouraging the market of chrome plating.

Workshop of Trivalent Chromium Technology used in Hard Plating

In order to strengthen the research of new technology and facility in surface engineering, promote the recombination and restructuring among enterprises, China Surface Engineering Association and International Chromium Development Association cooperate to organize the technical workshop of Trivalent Chromium Technology used in Hard Plating. The workshop will be held on 26th Sep in Shanghai Convention & Exhibition Center of International Sourcing.This workshop invited domestic and foreign experienced experts and enterprises in trivalent chromium technology used in hard plating industry to make presentation, which for sure will take you a wonderful and professional report.

Organizer :

Date :

China Surface Engineering Association & International Chromium Development Association

9:00-11:30am, 26th Sep 2017

Venue : Shanghai Convention & Exhibition Center of International SourcingAddress: No.2739 West Guangfu Road, Putuo District, Shanghai 200062Tel: 86-21-60290070

Conference :

It is free of charge for industry insider with limited seat, please kindly contact: Ms Niu Xiaoyan (China Surface Engineering Association) Tel: 010-82237151-8007 - niuxy@csea1991.org

Time Topic Speaker

9:00-9:10 Keynote by Chairman of workshop Wang XinguoCSEA

9:10-9:20 ICDA benefits and value Philippe RichardICDA

9:20-9:40 The Function and development of Chrome metal in electroplating industry

Fan JingxingCSEA

9:40-10:20 TripleHard in Place of Hard Chromium Plating Osmo JahkolaSavroc Oy

10:20-10:40 Cr(III) technology for the replacement of hazardous Cr(VI) technology Brad DurkinCOVENTYA Inc.

10:40-11:00 Green environmental protection trivalent hard chromium electroplating technology

Luo XiaofengDesytec Co., Ltd.

11:00-11:30 Interaction

Organized by and

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE5th

En partenariat avec

15 et 16 novembre 2017CENTRE DES CONGRES PIERRE BAUDIS

TOULOUSE

APRÈS SEPTEMBRE 2017,COMMENT PRODUIRE SANS CHROME VI ?TRAITEMENT DES ALLIAGES LÉGERS ET DES ACIERS.

AFTER SEPTEMBER 2017,HOW TO MANUFACTURE WITHOUT CHROME VI?TREATMENT OF LIGHT ALLOYS AND STEELS.

PROGRAMME - PROGRAM

5th How to manufacture without Chrome VI?November 15-16, 2017 - Toulouse, France Conference by A3TS (Thermal and surface treatment Association)Conference for the treatment of carbon steel, alloys and aluminum in the applications are aeronautics, automobile, building, street furniture, girdling, etc. Other products are currently being tested to find alternatives to trivalent Cr but the treatment based on trivalent chromium is still a strong development.

8 • Activity Report 2017 - International Chromium Development Asssociation

This South African HSE Committee meeting was the opportunity to meet with and introduce new Chairperson locally, Vincent Medupe (Siyanda / Anglo-American). The South African HSE Committee is still one of the most active regional group with strong expertise in the field of safety.

"2017 marked the consolidation of our achievements through last years efforts to reinforce the ICDA HSE activities, it was also a year of recognition for the work that has already been successfully completed. We can feel more commitment from committee delegates who are now increasingly involved since they can see that we are moving forward and achieving which make the HSE activities one of the ICDA driving force, we must continue this way forward in future as our industry needs to perform in a healthy, safe and sustainable environment."

HSE COMMITTEEOutokumpu, FinlandDr Juha Ylimaunu - Chairperson

Activities and Achievements

ICDA presented at KIOSH (Kazakhstan International Occupational Safety and Health Conference) related to the initiatives developed for promoting and creating a healthy and safe chromium industry, protecting people and our environment. This speaking slot was obtained through Laura Edilbeava (ERG/Kazchrome) from our European & CIS HSE group.

April 26, 2017 - KIOSH Conference, Astana, Kazakhstan

March 8, 2017 - Rustenburg, South Africa

January 18, 2017 - Bhubaneswar, India

India HSE subcommittee gathered to discuss local issues, no project currently developed at local level but commitment from the group to participate actively in existing HSE actions developed by the ICDA and other committees should the scope be global.

Safety First! 2nd edition in Russian

On the demand of local Members, the Safety First! 2nd edition was translated into Russian and circulated to Members in Russian-speaking countries. The brochure proved useful at HSE meetings in companies to learn more about safety best practices through exhaustive case studies collected amongst our Members globally.

September 21, 2017 - Vargon Alloys, Gothenburg, Sweden

The European & CIS HSE group gathered in Sweden for a meeting hosted by Vargön Alloys /Yildirim group and including a technical visit emphasizing safety best practices. This HSE group is leading related to EU regulatory issues and was the driver for the step 1 of the ferrochrome slag study just released.

Рекомендованные методы обеспечения безопасности для хромовой промышленности

М Е Ж Д У Н А Р О Д Н А Я А С С О Ц И А Ц И Я Р А З В И Т И Я Х Р О М О В О Й П Р О М Ы Ш Л Е Н Н О С Т И

2-е издание (2015 г.)

Безопасность превыше

всего!

International Chromium Development Asssociation - Activity Report 2017 • 9

There was clear demand from the industry to have an ICDA assessment to which they could refer to find a suitable solution for their ferrochrome slag. Knowledge and scientific facts from this study could be used by companies in country where local authorities need independent information to legislate on issues that are critical for our industry. Generating about 13,2Mt of slag annually, it is necessary that the ICDA takes its responsibility to assist its industry in proving that ferrochrome slag could be safely used as aggregate for road, for instance, provided they meet with strict environmental criteria, you can learn more by asking your copy from the ICDA and/or download it directly from the website / HSE section.

Ferrochrome slag use

Safety is a vital matter for our industry, the ICDA continues to collect these figures from member in strict confidentiality in order that could follow-up our safety performance and do our utmost for a zero fatality, zero accident chrome industry!

Chrome Industry Safety PerformanceIn 2016 (out of 34 contributors)

For the third year in a row, the ICDA is publishing chrome industry safety indicators that are vital to evaluate, monitor and improve.

Our industry is committed to take care for the life and health of its people, no one should be injured or killed in the work. The ICDA aim is to constantly push chrome industry for a zero fatality and zero LTI by encouraging best practices, sharing and learning from each other. The education and prevention of all kind of hazards are also key factors for a safe workplace.

In this third edition we are publishing global rates of our industry. In the future the amount of contributors would need to be increased for a further detailed breakdown and analyses.

We warmly thank the companies that have contributed and hope that you will share these essential figures.

Rates are given per million hours worked

Grand Total Fatality1 Rate

wwoorrkk ssiitteess14

53,051Employees who worked

91,616,357

141,176Contractors who worked

62,425,725 hours

2014 2,61

34 ccoonnttrriibbuuttoorrssRepresenting: countries

2015 2,25

2014

0.11

2015 0.03

hours

2014

43

22001166 1,1822001166 0.10

Grand Total LTI2 Rate

Data contributors:ACCP/ Networld Trading, Albchrome, AMG Superalloys, Assore/Assmang, Balasore, Chongqing Minfeng Chemical, DCX Chrome, Dedeman, Ehui Metallurgy group, Elektrowerk Wegweiser (Afarak Group), Elementis Chromium, Eti Elektrometalurji, Eti Krom (Yildirim group), FACOR, Glencore, Hernic Ferrochrome, IMFA, JFE, Jindal, Kazchrome, Lanxess, Mineral Technologies (AMCOL), Nippon Chemicals, Ore Alloy Development Corporation, Outokumpu, Samancor Chrome, Shanxi WanYang, Siyanda / Masa Chrome, Tata Steel, Tharisa Minerals, Vargön Alloys, Vishnu Chemicals, YHCC.1 Fatality: when a death occurs while a person is at work or performing a work task2 LTI: Lost Time Injury, an occupational injury or illness that causes the injured worker to be unable to work for any full shift subsequent to that on which the injury occurred

2016

wwoorrkk ssiitteess14

53,051Employees who worked

91,616,357

141,176Contractors who worked

62,425,725 hours

2014 2,61

34 ccoonnttrriibbuuttoorrssRepresenting: countries

2015 2,25

2014

0.11

2015 0.03

hours

2014

43

22001166 1,1822001166 0.10 2016

2015

2014

2015

2014

Chrome Industry Safety Performance

October 11, 2017 - EUROSLAG, Metz, FranceThe leading team for the ferrochrome slag study, step 1, was invited to present the study outcome at Euroslag conference. We received interested feedback and consideration from the audience including for the outcome of the next steps.

FERROCHROME SLAG - STEP 1 - COMPLETED

I - Foreword - Environmental properties and use of ferrochrome slag

II - Leaching behaviour of ferrochrome slag, an investigation conducted by Envitop

Sandra Van Der Veen (MEng) and Jukka Palko (Ph.D)

1. Purpose

2. Background

3. Test material and sample preparation

4. Test method

4.1 Total elemental analyses

4.2 Percolation test CEN/TS 14405

5. Results

5.1 Total elemental concentration

5.2 Leachability (2015-2016)

5.3 Total chromium content versus chromium leachability (2015-2016)

5.4 pH and conductivity (2015-2016)

6. Conclusions for Envitop investigation

III - Status in use of ferrochrome slag in some production countries

1. Finland overview

1.1 Ferrochrome slag status and use as products

1.2 Environmental and economical benefits - The Outokumpu example

2. South Africa overview

2.1 South Africa ferrochrome slag, a safe aggregate material as per GHS local standard

2.2 Classification of South African ferrochrome slag for landfill disposal

2.3 Ferrochrome slag: creating employment and saving primary resources for South Africa

3. Summary of legal status of ferrochrome slag including other producing countries

IV - References

Guidelines for ferrochrome slag testing, sample preparation and shipment

Table of Contents

4

5 - 12

6

6 - 7

7

8

8

8

8 - 12

8

9

9

9 - 11

12

13 - 17

14 - 15

14 - 15

15

16 - 17

16 - 17

17

17

17

18

19 - 20

5.2 Leachability (2015-2016)

A summary of the leachability of metals, sulphate, chloride and fluoride from the ferrochrome slag samples tested during 2015-2016 (A1, A-2, B, C, D-1, D-2, E-1, E-2, F-1 F-2, G and I) as well as the limit values for inert, non-hazardous and hazardous waste according EU Council Decision annex 2003/33/EC [Reference 1] are presented in table 3 (page 10).

2015Chromium, molybdenum (samples B, G, F-2, E-1 and D-2), sulphate (samples G, A-1, F-2 and F-1), chloride (sample F-1), arsenic (samples E-1, G, F-2 and B), sink (sample D-2), vanadium (G, E-1, F-2, F-1) and barium (A-1, F-2, A-2, B, E-2, G, D-2, F-1 and E-1) were the only significant leachable elements from FeCr slag in order of extent; all other tested elements were below detection limits (table 3).Nine of the eleven tested FeCr slag materials met the European limit values for metal and ion leachability of inert waste; these are slag samples: A-1, C, D-1, D- 2, E-1, E-2, F-1, F-2 and G (table 3). The leachability of chromium from slag samples A-2 and B exceeded the limit value for inert waste; the results were however well below the limit of non-hazardous waste.

2016The leachability of chromium from slag sample A-2-2016 (2.0 mg/kg) exceeded the limit value for inert waste (0.5 mg/kg). As in 2015 (1.2 mg/kg), the result was however well below the non-hazardous waste limit (10 mg/kg). The results are shown in table 3 and 5 and picture 1.The leachability of sample E2-2016 correlated well with the results obtained in 2015 (Envitop Oy, 2.10.2015). The test results of samples E2-2016 and I-2016 met the European limit values for inert waste (table 3).

5.3 Total chromium content versus chromium leachability (2015-2016)

Picture 1 shows a comparison of the total chromium content of the slag samples tested during 2015 and 2016, and their chromium leachability. The total chromium content of the slag materials fluctuated between 2 and 10 %. The test results show that there is no correlation between high total chromium content and high chromium leachability (table 2, picture 1).

Eleven out of the fourteen tested FeCr slag samples during 2015-2016 met the requirements for inert waste (0.5 mg/kg), even at high total chromium contents. All samples met the requirements for non-hazardous waste landfills (10 mg/kg).

5.4 pH and conductivity (2015-2016)

The change in pH and electrical conductivity during the percolation test is presented in table 4.For non-hazardous waste the pH should be over 6.0 (EU Council Decision annex 2003/33/EC) [Reference 1]. The landfill directive does not have an upper limit value for pH, neither limit values for the pH of inert waste. The pH of the FeCr slag samples tested in 2016 was between 7.2 and 9.1, which is acceptable (table 4). In 2015 the pH fluctuated between 6.5 and 11.6 (Envitop Oy, 2.10.2015).The maximum measured electrical conductivity in 2016 was 32 mS/m (sample A2-2016, 1st fraction). The maximum measured value in 2015 was 176 mS/m (Envitop Oy, 2.10.2015). To compare, these values are below the drinking water limit value in Finland, which is 250 mS/m (FINLEX 461/2000) [Reference 6].

9

Picture 1. Summary of the total and leachable chromium content of all tested slag samples during 2015 and 2016

Conclusion from independent environment and health risk analyses is that use of Outokumpu ferrochrome slag products in earth construction will not lead to pollution of environment or health risks even in the longer term.

1.2 Environmental and economical benefits of Outokumpu ferrochrome slag products

It has been scientifically documented that Outokumpu ferrochrome slag products are chemically very stable and inert due to the slag forming process and mineralogy of slag.In a northern cold and wet climate where roads are exposed to extreme conditions (ice, frost, cold temperature, wetness), it is necessary to have a technically sustainable material for road building. By using ferrochrome slag products, the road structure can be built thinner than when using natural aggregates due to better physical properties of the ferrochrome slag. Therefore the use of slag saves money and natural virgin materials, hence contributes to saving environment and resources.In cold and wet climate road structure has to resist frost and icing, making then ferrochrome slag as the most suitable option.In Finland, the use of Outokumpu ferrochrome slag amounts to approximately 700 000 tonnes/year, saving over 1000 000 tonnes of virgin material and meaning 350 000 tonnes less CO2 emissions annually.

Comparison of construction thicknesses in roads: ferrochrome slag products save money and environment

Source: Outokumpu

Interview with Markkus Kannala, Technical Director, City of TornioSince when have you been using ferrochrome slag? Are you satisfied with this product?City of Tornio has started to use ferrochrome slag since 1980s in its own street construction and renovation projects. We have been very satisfied with the material as well as with the cooperation between Outokumpu company as construction material provider.

What are the benefits of using ferrochrome slag for road construction at both mechanical and environmental levels? Ferrochrome slag has better geotechnical properties than natural sand which can be replaced by the slag. Its low capillarity added with its insulation properties enable the use of thinner construction layers reaching sufficient protection against the frost which is

important in our cold and wet climate. Certainly also an advantage in areas where the bearing of the soil is weak, as in Tornio.The use of ferrochrome slag saves natural sand resources sustaining groundwater and landscape. Additionally, Outokumpu’s ferrochrome plant is situated closely to the urban area of Tornio with its development projects, keeping the transportation distances low.

Would you encourage further use of ferrochrome slag in countries that have this material and need road infrastructure?Based on our experience the use of ferrochrome slag is highly recommended.The benefits are undisputed creating a win-win-win situation between the constructor, slag producer and the environment

15

Markkus Kannala

Table 3. Summary of the cumulative leachability of metals and ions at a liquid/solid (L/S) ratio of 10 l/kg dw (CEN/TS 14405 [V]) of FeCr slag samples 2015 -2016. The results are compared to limits set in the European landfill waste directive (European Union Council Decision annex 2003/33/EC) [Reference 1].

EULFDLimitValue

inertwaste

EULFDLimitValue

nonhazardouswaste

EULFDLimitValue

hazardouswaste

A-12015 A-22015 A-22016 B-2015 C-2015 D-12015 D-22015 E-12015 E-22015 E-22016 F-12015 F-22015 G-2015 *H-2016 I-2016

L/S10 L/S10 L/S10 L/S10 L/S10 L/S10 L/S10 L/S10 L/S10 L/S10 L/S10 L/S10 L/S10 L/S10 L/S10 L/S10 L/S10 L/S10

Arsenic(As) mg/kgdw 0.5 2 25 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.014 <0.005 0.0057 <0.005 0.0062 0.0078 - <0.005

Barium(Ba) mg/kgdw 20 100 300 4.8 0.0084 0.42 0.069 <0.03 <0.03 <0.033 <0.03 0.065 0.057 0.032 0.14 0.036 - <0.03

Cadmium(Cd) mg/kgdw 0.004 1 5 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 - <0.002

Chromium(Cr) mg/kgdw 0.5 10 70 0.071 1.2 2 0.58 0.27 0.37 0.088 0.47 0.25 0.32 0.41 0.39 0.15 - 0.11

Copper(Cu) mg/kgdw 2 50 100 <0.015 <0.015 <0.015 <0.015 <0.015 <0.015 <0.015 <0.015 <0.015 <0.015 <0.015 <0.015 <0.015 - <0.015

Iron(Fe) mg/kgdw - - - <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.25 <0.3 <0.25 <0.25 <0.25 <0.25 <0.25 <0.25 <0.25 <0.3 - <0.25

Mercury(Hg) mg/kgdw 0.001 0.2 2 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.005 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 - <0.005

Manganese(Mn) mg/kgdw - - - <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 - <0.02

Molybdenum(Mo) mg/kgdw 0.5 10 30 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.049 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.0058 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.007 <0.013 - <0.005

Nickel(Ni) mg/kgdw 0.4 10 40 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 - <0.01

Lead(Pb) mg/kgdw 0.5 10 50 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 - <0.005

Antimony(Sb) mg/kgdw 0.06 0.7 5 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.05 <0.05 <0.01 - <0.01

Selenium(Se) mg/kgdw 0.1 0.5 7 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.05 <0.02 <0.02 <0.05 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 - <0.02

Tin(Sn) mg/kgdw - - - <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 - <0.005

Vanadium(V) mg/kgdw - - - <0.015 <0.015 <0.015 <0.015 <0.015 <0.015 <0.015 <0.050 <0.015 <0.01 0.017 0.022 0.11 - <0.015

Zinc(Zn) mg/kgdw 4 50 200 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.077 <0.05 <0.05 0.11 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 - <0.05

Chloride(Cl-) mg/kgdw 800 15000 25000 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 57.2 <50 <50 - <50

Fluoride(F-) mg/kgdw 10 150 500 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 - <5

Sulphate(SO42-) mg/kgdw 1000 20000 50000 120 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 67.6 78.6 140 - <50

ThereisnosetlimitvalueforvanadiumintheEuropeanLandfillDirective.TheFinnishlimitvalueforinertwasteusedinbuildingconstructionsis2.0mg/kg(VNa591/2006).*SampleHdidnotfulfillthestandardtestcriteriaduetofinelygroundedparticlesize

Element Unit

Table 4. Summary of the pH and electrical conductivity (EC) values at liquid/solid (L/S) ratios from 0.1 to 10 l/kg dw (CEN/TS 14405) [Reference 5] of FeCr slag samples, and other percolation test conditions.

Element UnitEULFDLimit

Valueinertwaste

EULFDLimitValuenon

hazardouswaste

A-12015 A-22015 A-22016 B-2015 C-2015 D-12015 D-22015 E-12015 E-22015 E-22016 F-12015 F-22015 G-2015 *H-2016 I-2016

pHL/S0.0-0.1(F1) - - >6.0 10.2 9.1 8.5 7.9 8.8 8.1 7.6 7.4 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.0 11.6 - 7.2

pHL/S0.1-0.2(F2) - - >6.0 10.6 9.5 8.3 8.4 7.9 8.5 7.8 7.5 8.0 7.9 7.9 8.1 11.4 - 7.4

pHL/S0.2-0.5(F3) - - >6.0 10.4 9.8 8.1 8.0 7.9 8.4 7.9 8.2 8.0 7.8 8.0 8.0 11.3 - 7.5

pHL/S0.5-1.0(F4) - - >6.0 10.6 9.8 8.2 8.1 8.4 8.9 7.8 8.1 7.9 7.8 8.7 8.3 10.0 - 7.7

pHL/S1.0-2.0(F5) - - >6.0 10.6 9.9 8.0 8.2 8.4 8.1 7.8 7.9 8.0 7.9 9.2 9.2 10.2 - 7.8

pHL/S2.0-5.0(F6) - - >6.0 10.0 7.9 8.7 8.0 8.7 9.6 9.0 8.5 8.5 8.3 8.1 8.7 10.1 - 7.8

pHL/S5.0-10.0(F7) - - >6.0 10.2 7.9 8.8 7.4 6.5 9.2 8.6 8.5 8.2 9.1 8.1 9.1 9.7 - 7.8

ECL/S0.0-0.1(F1) mS/m - - 119 21.8 32.0 19.3 8.2 58.6 8.8 43.7 18.4 24.5 77.0 71.0 176 - 27.2

ECL/S0.1-0.2(F2) mS/m - - 92.2 10.8 17.0 13.8 6.2 35.6 7.3 21.8 12.1 16.4 103 25.4 127 - 15.4

ECL/S0.2-0.5(F3) mS/m - - 34.3 7.4 11.0 6.9 4.7 14.8 9.3 10.3 7.6 7.6 35.7 14.9 49.1 - 8.8

ECL/S0.5-1.0(F4) mS/m - - 17.4 4.9 7.3 4.6 3.8 7.8 4.8 6.9 4.9 5.8 5.8 9.9 13.9 - 4.3

ECL/S1.0-2.0(F5) mS/m - - 13.2 3.2 6.1 3.8 3.7 2.8 2.9 6.3 4.3 5.2 4.3 7.7 11.7 - 2.7

ECL/S2.0-5.0(F6) mS/m - - 9.3 3.5 6.4 2.3 2.6 1.8 3.9 5.2 2.8 4.9 2.4 4.6 6.8 - 1.9

ECL/S5.0-10.0(F7) mS/m - - 9.0 2.2 4.5 2.1 2.2 2.7 1.8 5.1 2.7 4.8 1.5 4.1 5.6 - 1.5

Drymatter % - - 99.9 99.8 100 100 99.7 94.0 98.7 99.9 99.7 100 99.5 99.7 99.9 - 100

Testperiod - - -21/07/2015

to03/09/2015

06/07/2015to

17/08/2015

21/04/2016to

27/05/2016

08/06/2015to

22/07/2015

22/06/2015to

04/08/2015

05/06/2015to

02/07/2015

05/06/2015to

07/07/2015

01/06/2015to

15/07/2015

08/06/2015to

21/07/2015

28/09/2016to

17/10/2016

01/06/2015to

04/07/2015

01/06/2015to

16/07/2015

20/07/2015to

10/08/2015-

05/09/2016to

16/10/2016

<4mm % - - 0.2 78 100 >95 41 93 0 100 100 100 100 42 13 - <5

>8mm % - - 97 2 0 0 16(8-10mm) 3 96(8-11mm) 0 0 0 0 38 62 - >95

Crushingofover10mmfractionneeded - - - yes no no no no no no no no no no yes yes - yes

Diameteroftestcolumn cm - - 10 10 5 5 10 10 10 5 5 5 10 10 10 - 10

48.5 50 14.1 14.6 49.8 49.3 49.8 12.6 12.6 14 49.0 48.4 49.3 48.7

±1.6 ±1.5 ±0.8 ±0.8 ±1.5 ±1.5 ±1.1 ±1.0 ±1.0 ±1.5 ±0.7 ±0.4 ±1.2 ±1.5

*SampleHdidnotfulfillthestandardtestcriteriaduetofinelygroundedparticlesize

Flowrate ml/h - - -

Table 5. Summary of the cumulative chromium leachability at liquid/solid (L/S) ratios from 0.1 to 10 l/kg dw (CEN/TS 14405) [Reference 5] of FeCr slag samples.

Element Unit A-12015 A-22015 A-22016 B-2015 C-2015 D-12015 D-22015 E-12015 E-22015 E-22016 F-12015 F-22015 G-2015 *H-2016 I-2016

Cr,L/S0.1(F1) mg/kgdw <0.0002 0.2 0.46 0.037 0.0093 0.045 0.0025 0.00054 0.00022 <0.0002 0.0034 0.023 0.018 - 0.0023

Cr,L/S0.2(F2) mg/kgdw <0.0004 0.28 0.69 0.060 0.015 0.069 0.0044 0.0012 0.00022 <0.0004 0.0064 0.036 0.028 - 0.0033

Cr,L/S0.5(F3) mg/kgdw <0.001 0.43 1.0 0.092 0.025 0.094 0.018 0.011 0.0015 0.0014 0.014 0.062 0.044 - 0.0064

Cr,L/S1.0(F4) mg/kgdw <0.002 0.54 1.2 0.13 0.038 0.11 0.024 0.027 0.0071 0.0059 0.035 0.098 0.061 - 0.011

Cr,L/S2.0(F5) mg/kgdw 0.0083 0.6 1.4 0.21 0.083 0.13 0.030 0.075 0.029 0.027 0.073 0.14 0.078 - 0.022

Cr,L/S5.0(F6) mg/kgdw 0.023 0.91 1.6 0.36 0.14 0.21 0.060 0.20 0.10 0.14 0.19 0.25 0.11 - 0.060

Cr,L/S10.0(F7) mg/kgdw 0.071 1.2 2.0 0.58 0.27 0.37 0.088 0.47 0.25 0.32 0.41 0.39 0.15 - 0.11

EULFDlimitvalueinertwaste mg/kgdw 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

EULFDlmitvaluenon-hazardouswaste mg/kgdw 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

*SampleHdidnotfulfillthestandardtestcriteriaduetofinelygroundedparticlesize

10

10 • Activity Report 2017 - International Chromium Development Asssociation

Activities and Achievements

Magnus VölknerELG Haniel Trading GmbH,Germany

Jayant Misra IMFA, India

Bernd BeckersOutokumpu,Finland

Gerd Oehm Schmolz + Bickenbach AG, Germany

Jeff Yang Yieh United Steel Corp. (YUSCO), Taiwan

MARKET DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE

"In 2017 we realised different projects with Team Stainless, China Stainless Cooperation Promotion Group (CSCPG) to inform the Chinese stainless producers about the local use with a good quality. Following a discussion, the Chinese CSSC started a quarterly meeting with a maximum of end-

users. During the Council strategic session our new challenge is to define and implement a precise process to anticipate potential opportunities (new applications...) and threats (new substitutes to stainless steel for instance...) for chromium usage, investigate potential partnerships with other associations and bring in more contributors to the Market Development Committee. Of course it would be a great satisfaction and sustainable for the chrome industry to identify new applications.’’

Nippon Steel & Sumikin Stainless Corp., JapanYuji Kubo - Chairperson

ANSTEEL Group - March 28, 2017 - Chengdu, ChinaMr.Tong - GM of Ansteel thank the excellent report which had provided the knowledges about the global market of chrome and helped our top management to understand better the market. We wish to have the support of ICDA as always to my company in developing the business in the future.

Martensitic BrochureFollowing the success of the publication of ‘’The Ferritic Solution’’ in 2007, the martensitic brochure has been done, with many grades having an excellent strength to weight ratio, strong resistance to corrosion, but particularly a

good hardness, in order to promote the development of applications to end-users.

Update on ICDA website with 11 modules ppt-550 slides.

Mem

ber’s

inte

rnal

use

onl

y

January 2018 - No.4 Latest news on trends and chrome applications

Stainless Steel in Sports and Leisure Equipment Sports are now part of our lives, the global sports have a significant and growing impact around 5% by year since 2014. USA is the largest in the world followed by Europe (Germany, France and UK) Asia…

1st Conference of Chrome Plating in Shanghai September 26, 2017 organised by China Surface Engineering Association (CSEA) and ICDA sponsoring. 100 attendees of end-users of chrome plating. Chrome plating with high hardness provide products a bright surface and use of trivalent chromium in processing is harmless for consumers.

There were 4 presentations about the safety of industry using a process trivalent chromium (CrIII) . The participants (using CrVI) were happy to listen about some safe processes (a more environment-friendly process) for encouraging the market of chrome plating.

Chromite grain size varies in size from 2 mm to 50 µm

Chromite: an effective material for refractories in various metallurgical applications In metallurgical industry refractories are resistant to change at elevated T°C, essentially bricks in furnace must be protected from the temperature required for the metallurgical process, or where heat loss must be limited. A refractory material need a melting point greater 1500°C, so the list reduces to the oxides as neutral refractory (no acid and basic refractory). Chrome in the form of chromite is the most cost effective. Melting point (°C): alumina 2010°C, chrome 2265°C, zirconia 2670°C . The usefulness of chromite as refractory is based on four factors: 1. It has a high melting point 2. Moderate thermal expansion: chromite has a linear expansion of about 1.3% at 1400°C, which is almost 50% of that of magnesia, so improve the thermal shock resistance of the refractory 3. Neutral chemical behaviour: the lining material must be compatible with the process slag chemistry. Chromite tolerate slags ranging from slightly acid to basic. 4. Relatively high corrosion resistance: chromite has exceptionally good resistance to pyrometallurgical slags. In refractories, chromite plays an essential role as cost-effective material that has properties ideal for metallurgical applications.

Ice axe

Crampons

Mountaineering

Bolt anchors

Rock hanger Carabiner

Percentage of sports activities estimated

Using more and more stainless steel are lighter weight and durable. A design that won’t rust.

Aquatic sport

Treadmill Cycling

Water ski

Quick release

Tow Hook/Eye

Ice sports

Figure blades

Ash sleigh runners

Luge skeletons, bobsleigh racing

Ice sports

ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN SPORTS AND LEISURE EQUIPMENT - 18

CyclingB

icycles are hugely popular and now fashionable, w

ith thousands of kilometres of cycling paths

available in cities and in the countryside, as an environment-friendly m

eans of transportation or as

leisure. The latter activity has developed into an array of sports, on roads, on all-terrains, for acrobatic

sophisticated technology, some of it derived from

the automotive or from

aerospace industries.

There is a wide variety of designs and of m

aterials used, from the very basic to the highly sophisticated

and expensive. Stainless is used in m

ost bikes for cables, fasteners, brake disks and spokes. Less

frequently, it is also used for frames, cogs, w

heel rims and chain links.

Stainless steel brake and

derailleur cables are strong,

smooth and lightw

eight.

Chains w

ith inner links made of

stainless steel for longer wear.

Cogs.

Disk brake rotor for

Mountain B

ike. AIS

I 410

-EN

1.4006 Stainless S

teel

ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN SPORTS AND LEISURE EQUIPMENT - 18

CyclingBicycles are hugely popular and now fashionable, with thousands of kilometres of cycling paths

available in cities and in the countryside, as an environment-friendly means of transportation or as

leisure. The latter activity has developed into an array of sports, on roads, on all-terrains, for acrobatic

sophisticated technology, some of it derived from the automotive or from aerospace industries.

There is a wide variety of designs and of materials used, from the very basic to the highly sophisticated

and expensive. Stainless is used in most bikes for cables, fasteners, brake disks and spokes. Less

frequently, it is also used for frames, cogs, wheel rims and chain links.

Stainless steel brake and

derailleur cables are strong,

smooth and lightweight.

Chains with inner links made of

stainless steel for longer wear.

Cogs.

Disk brake rotor for

Mountain Bike. AISI 410

-EN 1.4006 Stainless Steel

Brake, derailleur cables

Disk brake rotor

Chains

Ice sports

Bridle Stirrups

Horseshoes Horse bit

Sailing

Rigging screw

Anchor

Winch

Cleat

Cable

Indoor fitness Golf

Dumbbells

Pushups handles

Handgrips

Lifting Bar

Chest exerciser

Golf heads

Source: INSEP, ISSF

Planned at the end of 2017 but

postponed mid of 2018.

This is Chrome No.4

Other visits in March were about Custeel, expert for Chinese stainless steel market information/data, a potential consultant for the ICDA and CITIC Jinzhou the only producer of chrome metal now in China.

SSDAs (Stainless Steel development Associations) workshop and Raw Material Committee (RAW) - May 15-19, 2017 - Tokyo, JapanPresentation of the SSDA was on the stainless steel water pipes in Asia (Japan, S.Korea, Taiwan...) and the use of stainless steel in building construction. In the RAW meeting there was 18 attendees with a presentation of ICDA about the Cr market, Molybdenum and CRU.

Meeting CSCPG (Chinese Team Stainless) September 22, 2017 - Beijing, ChinaICDA gave brochures of ABC and tubes / pipes for Chinese translation for the CSSC website. Organize conference by CSCPG at Q1 2018, inviting users, having presentations of stainless steel producers. Organize a meeting with local stainless producers to propose a leaflet about the stainless roofs of airports.

Meeting with Daming International Limited September 27, 2017 - Wuxi, ChinaAround 2.5 Mtons of stainless from Tisco, ZPSS and Baosteel. Application in their plant are cutting, slitting, polishing, forming, machining, welding for the industry petrochemistry, aerospace, tube, energy…A next cooperation with ICDA on stainless promotion.

Meeting with CSSC Starting a meeting (each quarter) with end-users, around 60 attendees, explaining their market situation, following a suggestion of the Chinese Team Stainless CSCPG.

Other visits: Brother Enterprise, plant biggest manufacturers of leather chemicals. Tsingshan Group, Xiang Guangda CEO. Ningxia Tianyuan Manganese Industry Co.,Ltd, Li Fang - Deputy GM, production of Fe Cr. Beijing Metalmax International Trade Co.,Ltd, mineral products.

Welcome to Magnus Völkner from ELG Haniel GmbH who replaced Benno Kratz. Thank you Benno for being a long time in the MDC with a good contribution!

International Chromium Development Asssociation - Activity Report 2017 • 11

Activities and Achievements

Ali Vishaj ALBCHROME Shpk,Albania

Andrey SeliverstovERG,Russia

Manikonda VenkateshIMFA,India

Jonathan QiuMintal Group, China

Ivan RudenkoTELF AG,Switzerland

Ravi PrakashTata Steel Limited,India

Gorkem KavcakYildirim Group / Eti Krom A.S.,Turkey

"Since 2015 I am very happy to manage the MIC (Market Intelligence Committee) activities for further development and also continued on that excellent trend with Victor Constant the new analyst joining us in May 2017. The MIC services provide our

Members electronic data collection with quality in an easy and more convenient way, innovative reports and publication of brochures, the Weekly Market Update improved successfully and of course I am confident that the MIC will continue to ensure all the information of the chrome industry for our Members. As I will leave the MIC and join the Council Mr. Venkatesh from IMFA will join the MIC and I am pleased to welcome Greg Taurog who accepted for picking up the mantle and serve the MIC, unanimously elected by our delegates."

IMFA, IndiaDeepak Mohanty - Chairperson

MARKET INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEE

On-going projects

Conferences• CRU Ryan’s Notes Ferroalloys Europe 2017 - June 12, 2017Dusseldorf - Germany: "2016 Chrome Industry Overview"• SMR-MB 16th International Stainless and Special Steel Summit - September 6, 2017 Ljubljana - Slovenia: "Chrome Industry Overview"• SMR-AMM 31st Stainless and its alloys conference - October 26, 2017 Pittsburgh, PA - USA: "Chrome Industry Overview"

In the paragraph ‘’Chrome Market overview’’ we separate graph for UG2 implemented and we have one graph about "lumpy ore" prices from Turkey, Iran, South Africa and another graph "concentrate" prices from Turkey and South Africa.

Weekly market innovation

Welcome to new persons: Manikonda Venkatesh - Indian Metals & Ferro Alloys Ltd. (IMFA), India, Ivan Rudenko - TELF AG (Switzerland) and Andrey Seliverstov - ERG, Russia. Thank you Mark Teroerde for your participation in the

MIC since 2011.Key Prices Movements from previous week

stableAverage met

grade Cr price

+0.75%EU HC FeCr

price*

stableChina HC FeCr

price*

+0.70%USA HC FeCr

price*

+0.2%EU 304 grade CR

sheet (base price+ alloy

surcharge*)

+1%China 304

grade CR coil price*

February 23rd, 2018!February 21st , 2018!

stableAsia grade 304 grade CR coil*

**304 Sabot

International stainless scrap

metal

Global Market Outlook

The key prices will be updated weekly!* index price / Source: FerroAlloyNet, Metal Bulletin **Recycleinme prices were not updated last week!

INTERNATIONAL CHROMIUM DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION

Weekly Market UpdateFebruary 26th, 2018 – No.311

For ICDA Members use only

Chinese economy on a steady growth path into 2018 (Shanghai Daily):!According to the Shanghai Daily, official data released last week showed that China’s manufacturing activity edged down in December, but largely maintained momentum despite curbs on heavy industry aimed at taming the country’s chronic air pollution. The manufacturing purchasing managers’ index (PMI) stood at 51.6 last month, the National Bureau of Statistics said, compared to 51.8 in November (anything above 50 is growth, anything below 50 is contraction). China has curbed activity in heavy industries in the northeast to reduce surplus capacity and the heavy smog that typically blankets the region in late autumn and winter. Sub-indexes for production and new orders came in at 54 and 53.4, respectively. However, the sub-index of raw material inventory stood at 48 in December, down 0.4 percentage points from November, indicating continuously decreasing raw material inventory in the manufacturing sector. China’s manufacturing PMI has been in positive territory for 17 months in a row. Tom Orlik, Bloomberg chief Asia economist, said that “Early indicators for December show China’s economy pushing into 2018 with growth steady, if unspectacular,” and that “growth remains remarkably robust, underpinned by resurgent global demand, stimulus-boosted infrastructure spending, and a deleveraging program that remains more honoured in the breach than the observance.”!!

Chrome Market overviewChart 1 shows that Chinese Cr ore stocks at its ports were unchanged for the past two weeks with the Chinese market on hold for the Lunar New Year holiday. Charts 2 and 3 - Last week all prices were flat as China was on holiday until the 21st according to FerroAlloyNet. Chart 4 - UG2 prices last week were left unchanged according to Argus Metals (light green curve) and to FerroAlloyNet (light blue curve) and up 1.3% according to Metal Bulletin (purple curve).!

Chart 1 – Chinese Cr ore stocks (2014– 2018) (in million tonnes) Chart 2 – International lumpy ore prices (2016 – 2018) (in USD/dmt)

Chart 4 – UG2 prices (2016 – 2018) (in USD/dmt)Chart 3 – International concentrate prices (2016 – 2018) (in USD/dmt)

Electronic data collection (EDC)The graph illustrate a significant delay in answer times from the surveyed members. First two weeks responses are low.MIC suggested that we only start the EDC process two weeks after the end of the quarter. It was brought up that only 42 members are actively contributing to the EDC to this day, a decision was taken that all ICDA members should contribute.

Chrome ore reserves/resources brochure BRGM-ICDAThe progress made on this project (South Africa and India country profiles as well as glossary of the scientific terms) was presented, a thorough document was very useful. The MIC decided that the next objective for this study is to publish a brochure on the top 5 producing countries in 2018.

The plan for the foundry sand brochure was presented. It will focus on getting a good overview of the product both from producer and end-user sides. It was decided that the

brochure would be released during the next member’s meeting 2018.

It was decided to have a regular energy publication with the participation of members. Regularity will be worked out according to ease in information procurement from our members.

The plan to update certain pages of the Chinese Fe Cr brochure was presented.The MIC agreed and it was decided that this update would be done in 2018.

Foundry sand brochure Energy brochure Chinese Fe Cr brochure

Mr Moll (SMR) in Ljubljana, Slovenia

Welcome to Greg Taurog, the new Chairperson of the Market Intelligence

Committee.

Meeting in Johannesburg on November 7, 2017

12 • Activity Report 2017 - International Chromium Development Asssociation

KEY FIGURESIn 2017 the global FeCr production (Ch.Cr/HC FeCr, MC/LC FeCr) reached 13.3 Mt (+12.1%) with 14 producing countries worldwide. In addition, global FeSiCr production was 133 Kt (-58%).

Asia 6.8 Mt (+17.6%) representing 51.2% of the global FeCr output. China is 1st (+16.5%), India 4th (+23.2%) and Japan was 14th (-24.6%) specialized in LC FeCr production in 2017.

Africa 3.9 Mt (+6.4%) accounting for 29% of the global FeCr production. South Africa was 2nd (+5%) and Zimbabwe rose to 11th place (+167%) due to a regain in activity and policy changes.

Eastern Europe, CIS & Middle East East 1.8 Mt (+11%) representing 13.3% of the global output. Kazakhstan was 3rd (+13.6%), Russia 6th (-1.64%) and Oman 10th (+11.3%). Western Europe/Albania/Turkey 709.6 Kt (-1.1%), accounting for 5.3% of the global output. Finland was 5th (-11.6%), Turkey 9th (+0.9%), Sweden 8th (+40.2%), Albania 12th (+11.8%) and Germany 13th (+52.5%). Americas the only producer being Brazil, in 7th place (-12.3%).Top 4 FeCr producing countries by capacity

In China 24 FeCr plants operate at a capacity of over 100 Kt. There are 119 small ferroalloys plants in operation.

92 .4%

Metallurgical

Ch.CrHC FeCr

Stainless steel production by region FeCr different usage based on type:FeCr goes mainly into stainless steel production (75%) and carbon steel and other alloys as shown below.

Source: H. Pariser, ICDACh.Cr HC MC/LC

As per the figures of the International Stainless Steel Forum (ISSF), global stainless steel output increased by 5.8% in 2017 to 48.1 Mt.

Specifications and producing countries of Ch.Cr and HC FeCr:FeCr containing more than 4% of carbon can be classified in 3 sub-groups.

Source: SMR

7.32%

0.24%MC FeCR

LC FeCr

Kt

FeCr production 2017 by type:Ch.Cr/HC FeCr 12.3 Mt (+11%)

LC FeCr 972.5 Kt (+64%)MC FeCr 32 Kt (-79%)

ChargeChrome

LowgradeHCFeCr

HighgradeHCFeCr

Cr:45-57%C:4-8%

Si:2.5%-7%

SouthAfricaFinlandBrazil

Cr:47-65%C:max10%Si:upto4%

ChinaIndia

Zimbabwe

Cr:65-72%C:max10%Si:max2.5%

KazakhstanRussiaAlbaniaTurkeySweden

2017 vs 2016

2017

Global Stainless Steel by End Use Segment Market 2017 est.: 41.7 mill. t

Automotive & Heavy Transport

10%

Chemical, Petrochemical and

Energy 15%

Consumer Goods and Medicals

49%

ABC and Infrastructure

15%

Industrial & Heavy Industry

8%Others

3%

International Chromium Development Asssociation - Activity Report 2017 • 13

In 2017, the global Cr ore and concentrate production (including UG2) by region reached 30.4 Mt with 13 countries worldwide. This is up by 4.8% from 2016’s level of 29.02 Mt.

Africa remains the largest Cr-producing region with 17.28 Mt of Cr ore and concentrate, representing 56.9% of the global output. South Africa 1st (+4.5%), Zimbabwe 8th (+159%), Madagascar 12th (+41%).

Asia and Australia (stopped end of 2014) reached4.39 Mt (stable), accounting for 14.4% of the global output. India is 3rd (+4.5%) and Pakistan 11th (-28%).No production came out of China (Tibet) in 2017 but it imported 13.87 Mt (+31%), out of the 16.1 Mt traded globally.

Eastern Europe, CIS and Middle East produced 5.38 Mt (+7.6%) accounting for 17.7% of the global output. Kazakhstan 2nd (+10%), Oman 9th (+33.3%), Iran 10th (-17.1%), Russia 13th (-50%). Western Europe, Turkey and Albania 2.8 Mt (-4.5%), accounting for around 9% of the global output. Turkey 4th (+8.7%), Finland 5th (-9.2%), and Albania 6th (-19.2%). Americas with only Brazil 7th (+18%).

0.2%

1.4%

2.9%

95.5%

Metallurgical

Chemical

Foundry sand

Refractory

FoundrysandsFoundry sands

A min. of 46% Cr2O3 and a max. of 1% SiO2 ensures the best quality for foundry sands. 2017 = 523 kt i.e. 423 kt of foundry sand grade + 100 kt of metallurgical grade.

423 Kt foundry sand grade

100 Kt metallurgical grade

UG2

The 2017 production of UG2 Cr concentrate, a by-product of the PGMs industry, reached 5.12 Mt (+16.5%).

UG2 Cr concentrate

ChromechemicalmarketChrome chemical market

SDC production: Asia (-5.4%), Eastern Europe (+3.8%) and Africa, Americas & Turkey (+5.5%)

1 Mt of chrome ore 2017, utilisation for SDC:

890 Kt chemical grade

110 Kt metallurgical grade

Cr chemical market by products and applications

1st circle in white: SDC used; 2nd circle grey: Ratio SDC/product; 3rd circle: products tonnages; and application areas.*Others: Cr chloride, Cr hydroxide, potassium dichromate, sodium chromate**Others: Others (dietary supplements, wool dyeing, oil and gas drilling, catalyst)

Chrome metal market

2017 global Cr metal production increase to 47 Kt, compared to 2016 and 2015 as 44 Kt. Increased market was aerospace and other sector like oil & gas market were improved.

Cr metal production in volume: Europe (-5%), Russia (+5.2%), China (+4.7%).In China, one of the two main producers closed its plants in 2017.

Cr metal consumption in volume: Europe (+3.3%), North America, Asia, Russia and others (stable).

Cr metal production by region Cr metal consumption by region

2017 2016 2017 2016

2017 vs 2016

Other Chrome technologies for producing metal are 2200t mostly China / Russia / Japan.

Leathertanning100%ofBCS

Leather tanning 32%

Plating 20%

Pigments 15%

Chrome metal 20%

Wood preservation

9%

Leather tanning 32%

Plating 20%

Pigments 15%

Chrome metal 20%

Wood preservation

9%

Pigments36.2%ofCroxide

Leather tanning 32%

Plating 20%

Pigments 15%

Chrome metal 20%

Wood preservation

9%

Crmetal63.8%ofCroxide

Leather tanning 32%

Plating 20%

Pigments 15%

Chrome metal 20%

Wood preservation

9%

Leather tanning 32%

Plating 20%

Pigments 15%

Chrome metal 20%

Wood preservation

9%

Crpla?ng76.%ofCracid Leather tanning

32%

Plating 20%

Pigments 15%

Chrome metal 20%

Wood preservation

9%

Leather tanning 32%

Plating 20%

Pigments 15%

Chrome metal 20%

Wood preservation

9%

Timber23.2%ofCracid

Leather tanning 32%

Plating 20%

Pigments 15%

Chrome metal 20%

Wood preservation

9%

1tSDC=2tBCS

1tSDC=0.5tCroxide

1tSDC

=

0.66tC

racid

410KtofBCS

40KtofCrox

ide

pigme

ntgrade

70.5KtofCroxidemetallurgicalgrade

89.8Kto

fCra

cid

pla?

nggrade

27.1Kt

ofCracid

wood

grade

**65Kt

Others

1tSDC=

1tothers

BasicCrSulphate205Kt

CrOxide221Kt

CrAcid177Kt

*Others65Kt

668Kt

29.00 / 27.67 Mt Metallurgical grade

Chemical grade

Foundry sands grade

Refractory grade

890/ 786 Kt

423/ 499 Kt

69/ 59Kt

29.00 / 27.67 Mt Metallurgical grade

Chemical grade

Foundry sands grade

Refractory grade

890/ 786 Kt

423/ 499 Kt

69/ 59Kt

29.00 / 27.67 Mt Metallurgical grade

Chemical grade

Foundry sands grade

Refractory grade

890/ 786 Kt

423/ 499 Kt

69/ 59Kt

29.00 / 27.67 Mt Metallurgical grade

Chemical grade

Foundry sands grade

Refractory grade

890/ 786 Kt

423/ 499 Kt

69/ 59Kt

29.00 / 27.67 Mt Metallurgical grade

Chemical grade

Foundry sands grade

Refractory grade

890/ 786 Kt

423/ 499 Kt

69/ 59Kt

29.00 / 27.67 Mt Metallurgical grade

Chemical grade

Foundry sands grade

Refractory grade

890/ 786 Kt

423/ 499 Kt

69/ 59Kt

14 • Activity Report 2017 - International Chromium Development Asssociation

An excellent conference at all levels! Expert speakers, topics, networking opportunities and incredible evening function experience, these were the words heard from our more than 140 delegates attending the ICDA Members, ''it was excellent''. Astana was for a week the place to be for the chromium industry, it started with a technical tour to Kazchrome in Aktobe were 60 delegates had the opportunity to view the new ferrochrome facilities, the technical visit was very insightful with great emphasis put on safety best practices and the importance of wearing safety equipments at all times. The variety of presentations was well received by the audience, keynote session of Kazakhstan, market trends, specific market segments and applications, topics from chrome ore to ferrochrome, then corporate social responsibility to technical advancements, stainless steel and chrome chemicals applications, everyone in the industry had a reason to attend.

Thanks to

Mining Weeklyour supporter

MEMBERS’ MEETING 2017

ERG Sales AGour Top Sponsor

ELG Haniel GmbHour Gold Sponsor

International Chromium Development Asssociation - Activity Report 2017 • 15

16 • Activity Report 2017 - International Chromium Development Asssociation

This is the first time we had 260 participants including around 45 Chinese in Johannesburg. South Africa having the lion’s share of chrome ore resources and being one of the main challenger to the Chinese dragon for ferrochrome, it was a good opportunity to reviewing about a year of market trends and discussing latest news with the Minister of Mines of Zimbabwe and the speakers (18) invited. The plant tour to Anglo American's Amandelbult with 45 delegates was a successful experience to discover the production of UG2.

CHROMIUM 2017

Thanks toCHROMIUM SPONSORS PLATINUM SPONSORS

GOLD SPONSOR WELCOME DRINKS GOLD SPONSOR

International Chromium Development Asssociation - Activity Report 2017 • 17

18 • Activity Report 2017 - International Chromium Development Asssociation

Opening session - 26th April 2017

- Welcome address by ICDA President Jeff Mclaughlan - Keynote by Kazakhstan Governement Representative Alik S. Aidarbaye- Kazakhstan and the future of the Cr industry Benedikt Sobotka- «Winds from the East, winds from the West» Philippe Chalmin

Chrome and ferrochrome markets - 26th April 2017Moderator: Yasar Ozdirek - Yildirim Group, Turkey

Conference Programme

- 2016 & Q1 2017 Cr industry overview Philippe Richard - Kazakhstan ferrochrome industry overview Viktor Til - The future of ferrochrome markets Jochen Berbner - Comprehensive analysis of the LC and MC Fe Cr markets Kevin Fowkes - Assessing prices in the chrome market Ashok Patel

Environmental technological performances and social responsibility 27th April 2017Moderator: Seyda Caglayan - Afarak - TMS A.S., Turkey

- Granulated ferrochrome-production and use Per Vesterberg - Fe Cr slag as sustainable construction material Juha Ylimaunu & Markus Kannala - The growing importance of CSR in mining Alp Malazgirt - Managing mine site lubrication Lazzat Koshkarbayeva -Implementation of Tenova technology at JSC Kazchrome Mark Broadbent

Stainless steel and other key applications - 27th April 2017Moderator: Yuji Kubo - Nippon Steel & Sumikin Stainless Steel Corp., Japan

- Prospects for stainless & special steel Robert Messmer - Just how tight are global ferrochrome market fundamentals Mark Beveridge - Foundry grade market, uses and perspectives Craig Duggan - Chrome usage in leather tanning Federico Brugnoli

Alik Serikovich AidarbayevMinister of Investments

and Development, Kazakhstan

Benedikt SobotkaERG,

Luxembourg

Philippe ChalminParis-Dauphine University,

France

Philippe RichardICDA,

France

Azamat BektybayevERG,

Kazakhstan

Jochen BerbnerMcKinsey,

Kazakhstan

Kevin FowkesAlloyConsult,

United-Kingdom

Ashok PatelArgus ferro-alloys,

United-Kingdom

Per VerstebergUHT,

Sweden

Juha YlimaunuOutokumpu,

Finland

Markus KannalaTornion Kaupunki,

Finland

Alp MalazgirtYildirim Group,

Turkey

Lazzat KoshkarbayevaTotal Mining Solutions,

Kazakhstan

Mark Broadbent,Tenova,

South Africa

Robert MessmerSMR GmbH,

Austria

Mark BeveridgeCRU Group,

United-Kingdom

Craig Duggan,Minerals Technologies Inc.,

Australia

Federico BrugnoliUNIC,Italy

Technical tour to ERG/Kazchrome - Aktobe - 24th April 2017

Speakers

MEMBERS’ MEETING 2017

Viktor Til, President Kazchrome plant in Aktobe

International Chromium Development Asssociation - Activity Report 2017 • 19

CHROMIUM 2017

Keynote session - 8th November 2017

- Welcome address by ICDA President Phoevos Pouroulis - Zimbabwean chrome ore and ferroalloys industries Hon Munesu Munodawafa - The new mining charter in South Africa Henk Langenhoven

Chrome and ferrochrome latest trends and prospects 8th November 2017Moderator: Deepak Kumar Mohanty, IMFA, India

- SA chrome and ferrochrome industries Michelle Taylor- Chrome ore and ferrochrome latest figures Victor Constant- Role of technology Cr/Fe Cr Vinod Jose- The Indian ferrochrome industry Srinivas Shenoy - China ferrochrome strategy Jonathan Qiu

Conference Programme

Challenging our mind-set and adapting to fast-changing market environment - 8th November 2017Moderator: Seyda Caglayan, Afarak TMS A.S., Turkey

- Price discovery and risk management Robert Fig - Sustainability, rethinking the trading approach Ali Saad- Risk management in the carriage of chrome ores Andrew Pike

Innovation, technology for a sustainable Cr industry 9th November 2017Moderator: M.C. Thomas, Tata Steel Limited, India

- Fe Cr Nickel - innovation for stainless steel Lauri Nähri - Chrome fines briquetting Malay Bhattacharjee- Pumping technology James Pienaar & Zak van der Westhuizen - New developments for Cr recovery from chromites Animesh Jha

Stainless steel, where are we heading to? - 9th November 2017Moderator: Carl Landuydt, Aperam Sourcing SCA, Luxembourg

- World stainless steel outlook Robert Messmer- Nigeria, a potential stainless steel Timothy Onwughai - The South African stainless steel market John Tarboton - Scrap: part of the raw material mixt Magnus Völkner

Closing remarks by ICDA Vice President - 9th November 2017Udo Klein, ERG B.V., Netherlands

Hon Munesu MunodawafaMinistry of Mines and Mining

Development, Zimbabwe

Henk Langenhoven Chamber of Mines,

South Africa

Michelle TaylorTharisa Minerals,

South Africa

Victor Constant ICDA,

France

Vinod JoseBryanston Resources,

Switzerland

Srinivas ShenoyTata Steel,

India

Jonathan QiuMintal Group Chrome Ind.

Scienceand Tech. Co., Ltd., China

Robert FigCommodity Risk

Management Training, United-Kingdom

Ali Saad UPYA Ventures,

United Arab Emirates

Andrew Pike Bowman Gilfillan,

South Africa

Lauri NähriOutotec Oyj,

Finland

Malay Bhattacharjee UPYA Ventures,

United Arab Emirates

James PienaarPump and Abrasion

Technologies, South Africa

Zak van der WesthuizenPump and Abrasion

Technologies, South Africa

Animesh Jha Leeds University, United-Kingdom

Robert Messmer SMR GmbH,

Austria

Timothy OnwughaiStainless Steel Dev. Ass.,

Nigeria

John TarbotonSASSDA,

South Africa

Magnus VölknerELG Haniel GmbH,

Germany

Speakers

Technical tour to Anglo American’s Amandelbult Chrome recovery plant - 10th November 2017

Jill WolfeHead of Marketing

Anglo American

20 • Activity Report 2017 - International Chromium Development Asssociation

ORDINARY MEMBERSAcerinox S.A. (Spain) www.acerinox.comAfarak Group (Finland) www.afarak.com Aktyubinsk CCP / Networld Trading Ltd. (Turkey)Al Tamman Indsil Ferro Chrome LLC (Oman) www.atifoman.comAlbCHROME (Albania) www.albchrome.alAMG Superalloys UK Limited (United Kingdom) www.amg-s.comAperam S.A. (Luxemburg) www.aperam.comBalasore Alloys Ltd. (India) www.balasorealloys.comBefesa Scandust AB (Sweden) www.scandust.seChina National Minerals Co., Ltd. (China) www.minmetals.comChongqing Minfeng Chemical Co., Ltd. (China) www.minfeng-chem.cnCRONIMET Group (Germany) www.cronimet.deDCX Chrome - Groupe Delachaux (France) www.delachaux.frDedeman Madencilik Sanayi ve Ticaret AS (Turkey) www.dedemanmadencilik.com Ehui Group Limited (China) www.ehuigroup.cnElementis Chromium (USA) www.elementischromium.comELG Haniel Trading GmbH (Germany) www.elg.deERG Sales AG (Switzerland) www.eurasianresources.luEti Elektrometalurji A.S. (Turkey) www.etimet.comFerro Alloys Corporation Ltd. (FACOR) (India) www.facorgroup.inGlencore (South Africa) www.glencore.comHernic Ferrochrome (Pty) Ltd. (South Africa) www.hernic.co.zaHubei Zhenhua Chemical Co., Ltd. (China) www.hszhenhua.comIndian Metals & Ferro Alloys Ltd. (IMFA) (India) www.imfa.inJFE Material Co., Ltd. (Japan) www.jfe-material.co.jp/en/ Jindal Stainless Limited (India) www.jslstainless.comKraomita Malagasy (Madagascar) www.kraoma.mg/Lanxess (Pty) Ltd. (South Africa) www.lanxess.co.za

Masa Chrome (Pty) LtdAnglo American Platinum + Siyanda Chrome Smelting Company (South Africa) www.siyandaresources.co.za - www.angloamericanplatinum.comMerafe Resources Limited (South Africa) www.meraferesources.co.zaMinerals Technologies (ex AMCOL) (South Africa) www.amcol.comMintal Group Chrome Industry Science and Technology Co., Ltd. (China) www.mintalgroup.comMisrilall Mines Private Limited (India) www.misrilalljaingroup.comNippon Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd. (Japan) www.nippon-chem.comNippon Steel & Sumikin Stainless Steel Corporation (Japan) www.nssc-global.com/en/Novotroitsk Plant of Chromium Compounds (Russia) www.nzhs.ru/engOre & Metal Company Ltd. (South Africa) www.assmang.co.zaOutokumpu Chrome Oy (Finland) www.outokumpu.comRFA International LP / ChEMK (Switzerland) www.rfainternational.comRusChrome GmbH (Germany) www.miduralgroup.com/rus-chrome-gmbh.htmSamancor Chrome (South Africa) www.samancorcr.comSCHMOLZ + BICKENBACH AG (Europe) www.schmolz-bickenbach.comShanxi WanYang International Trading Co., Ltd. (China) www.wyres.net Sichuan Yinhe Chemical Group Co., Ltd. (China) www.yinhejituan.comSoda Sanayii A.S. - Sisecam Group (Turkey) www.sisecam.com.tr/en/Tata Steel Limited (India) www.tatasteel.comTharisa Minerals (Pty) Ltd. (South Africa) www.tharisa.comTsingshan Holding Group Company Ltd (China) www.tssgroup.com.cn/en/VISA Steel Limited (India) www.visasteel.comVishnu Chemicals Limited (India) www.vishnuchemicals.comYieh United Steel Corporation (YUSCO) (Taiwan, China) www.yusco.com.twYildirim Group / Eti Krom A.S. (Turkey) www.yildirimgroup.com / www.etikrom.com

Marmotek Madencilik Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.S. (Turkey) in May 2017 www.marmotek.com.tr/

New Ordinary Members in 2017

(producers)

* Company in red are members of the ICDA Council

International Chromium Development Asssociation - Activity Report 2017 • 21

ASSOCIATE MEMBERSAsia Steel & Metals Ltd. (Hong Kong, China) www.asiasm.comBaometal Minerals International Trade Limited (China)BF International Limited (Japan)CellMark Metals / Sonaco Trading AB (Sweden) www.cellmark.com Centachrome AG (Switzerland)CMC Cometals (USA) www.cmc.comCOFERMIN Chrome GmbH & Co. KG (Germany) www.cofermin.de/F.W. Hempel Intermétaux S.A. (Switzerland) www.intermetaux.chFondel Group - CPH BV (Netherlands) www.fondel.com/en/HANWA Co.,Ltd. (Japan) www.hanwa.co.jpInter Alloys, S.L. (Spain) www.interalloys.esJackson Minerals Co., Ltd (China)Marubeni Tetsugen Co., Ltd. (Japan) www.marubeni-tetsugen.co.jpMetal Partner GmbH (Germany) www.metalpartner.deMitsubishi Corporation (Japan) www.mitsubishicorp.comMitsui & Co. Ltd. (Japan) www.mitsui.comNoble Resources International pte. Ltd. (Singapore) www.thisisnoble.comNorth American Minerals Chrome Sales Ltd. (USA) www.naminerals.com

AFFILIATE MEMBERSAccess World (Switzerland) www.accessworld.com Canada Natural Resources Ministry (Canada) www.nrcan.gc.caChongqing Angruiyue Science and Technology Co., Ltd. (China)1

Comptoir de Minéraux et Matières Premières (CMMP) (France) www.cmmp-france.comEnco International, Inc. (USA)F.W. Winter Inc. & Co. (USA) www.fwwinter.com Kat Technology SRL (Italy) www.kat-technology.com/en/Koppern Maco Services Pvt. Ltd. (India) www.koeppern.comLBH Mozambique (Mozambique) www.lbhsouthafrica.com/lbh-mozambique/Outotec Oyj (Finland) www.outotec.com

Exxaro FerroAlloys (Pty) Ltd. (South Africa) in March 2017 www.exxaro.com/

New Affiliate Members in 2017

Gunvor Singapore Pte Ltd. (Singapore) in May 2017 www.gunvorgroup.comPelagic Resources (Pty) Ltd. (South Africa) in April 2017UPYA Ventures RSA (Pty) Ltd. (South Africa) in August 2017 www.upya-ventures.comUniChrome AG (Switzerland) in May 2017 www.unichrome.ch Vopelius Chemie AG (Germany) in June 2017 www.vopelius.com

New Associate Members in 2017

Ore Alloy Development Corporation Limited (China) www.orealloy.comPacific Linkage (China) Limited (China) www.paclink.com.cnPossehl Erzkontor GmbH Co KG. (Germany) www.erzkontor.comRand York Minerals (Pty) Ltd. (South Africa) www.randyorksa.com‘‘RMK’’ Ltd. (Russia) www.rosmetallkomplekt.ru/enSojitz Corporation (South Africa) www.sojitz.comSouthern Development Ltd. (SODEVCO) (UAE and USA) www.sodevco.netSumitomo Corporation (Japan) www.sumitomocorp.co.jpTELF AG (Switzerland) www.telf.chTraxys Europe S.A. (Luxemburg) www.traxys.com

Savroc Oy (Finland) www.savroc.com Société Nouvelle des Couleurs Zinciques (SNCZ) (France) www.sncz.netTenova Mining & Minerals (Pty) Ltd. (South Africa) www.tenovagroup.comUvan Hagfors Teknologi AB (UHT) (Sweden) www.uht.se

(trading)

(service providers)

1 Chongqing Ruifan Development of Renewable Energy Co., Ltd. becomes Chongqing Angruiyue Science and Technology Co., Ltd. in January 2017

22 • Activity Report 2017 - International Chromium Development Asssociation

Americas6,9%

Africa 16,8%

India 8,9% Other Asia

4%

China12,9%

Japan8,9%

Middle east 6,9%

Europe 31,7%

Breakdown by region

52% 33% 15%

AffiliateAssociateOrdinary

Breakdown by category

Ordinary

Chrome oreFerrochrome

Chrome ChemicalsStainless SteelChrome Metal

Stainless Steel ScrapSpecial Steels

101 COMPANIES

6%

29%

14%

13%

32%

4% 2%

Welcome new ICDA Members!This "New-Member release" show their motivations, what do they expect from their ICDA membership and content a brief introduction of the company.

Eastern Europe 3%

Associate

Chrome oreFerrochrome

Stainless Steel ScrapChrome Chemicals

Chrome MetalFoundry sands

Refractories

5%

35%

8%

46%

2% 2%

2%

Breakdown by activity

Affiliate

TechnologyConsultant

Chrome product usersShipping & LogisticLogistic Opeations

Government

13%

53%

Traders:

13%

7%

7%

7%

WHO ARE OUR MEMBERS IN 2017?

International Chromium Development Asssociation - Activity Report 2017 • 23

THANK YOU FOR YOUR LOYALTY!

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