I recommend that this thesis be accepted as four hours credit fulfilli~g r "rements in ID

h v v

JOIn:. I-I orris

Advisor: Dr. Gad~io]n

D;~l STATE Ul:IV3I{SI'I'Y

EUHCTS, IEDIIJJA

INTRODUCTION AND RATIONALE

The primary objective of this humanities course is to investigate

man and his role in the universe. This objective will be achieved

through a study of past and present Western World literature, philosophy,

religion, society, art, music, and architecture. This investigation

will lead the student to an understanding of man's past and present

behavior and, consequently, to an understanding of his own role in

present ~,ociety. One may ask why there is so much empha si s placed on

the study of man's past--this may bore the student because such studies

are not "relevant" tC' his world. The answer is simply that man can only

gain an understanding of himself and his world through reflection upon

and study of past civiliZation. That is, man, in choosing his m,J'O

values and behavior, must attempt to understand the values and behavior

of men a,nd societies preceding his own time. The ultimate value of the

course lies in the student's recognition of universal trut.hs about man

and society, and the attempt to answer the epic question, "Who am I?"

The school year is divided into six six-week periods. The class

will meet five days a week for fifty-five minutes a period; one day a

week is for in-class reading, three days a \-leek for lecture" and discus-

sion OVE:r the literature all students are required to relld, and one day

for guel:;t lectures, field trips, or other presentations. Each student

must select one of the following themes as the topic for his papers

during the year:

1. Man and religion

2. Man and society

3. The different drummer

4. The alienation of modern man

The student will write five papers (1000-1500 words) for each

of the first five six-week periods and a final paper for the last six­

week period. The final paper will be a culmination of the conclusions

reached in the five preceding papers. In essence, the f:i.nal paper is

the end of the means or the synthesis of the year's ,,'ork.

The last two weeks of each six-week period will be spent in

2

daily seminar, which is a meeting between the teacher and two students

writing on the same theme. The teacher acts only as a questioner, while

the two students present their papers for discussion. EHch student

must provide copies of his paper for the other two partieipants at

least two days in advance. This will allow each participant time

before the seminar to study the papers.

In addition to the six papers, the student will bE~ required to

participate in panel discussions concerning the class readings. Tests

and quizzes will be issued, and class participation will also affect

each student's grade.

The Humanities Department will have its own resource laboratory

containing all of the required readings, music and art tl3xtS, and

architecture reference books. The laboratory will also contain such

works as The Vision of Tragedy, The Proper Study, Handbook to Literature,

and the like to be used as reference works. The Humanities Department

works through the English Department in conjunction "i th the Music, Art,

and History Departments. The laboratory will be operated as a library

with a student librarian on duty during the day. The resource labora-

tory viII also contain various recordings, filmstrips, and other media

to be used in the course. The Humanities Department will also have

its own budget for films and the like, and the student viII contribute

to the budget to aid in paying for the field trips.

The humanities course vill be offered as an elective for Senior

English credit, and only those seniors vith permission from the human-

ities instructor and guidance department viII be eligible to take the

course. The class will be limited to a maximum of tventy college-prep

seniors.

The following is a list of both required and suggested readings

for class ~~d seminar vork:

MAN AND RELIGION

*1. Bible (O.T.): (N.T.):

Genesis 1-4, Ecclesiastes 1, 3, 12 Matthew

2. Mythology - Hamilton

3. ~ fu:m ru - Hamilton

*4. ~ Odyssey - Homer

5. ~.lliA£ - Homer

6. !hi Aeneid - Virgil

*7. Uedipus ~ - Sophocles

8. Oedipus At Colonus - Sophocles

9. Antigone - Sophocles

10. The Oresteia - Aeschylus

11. The Complete ~ - Aristophanes

3

*12. The Bacchae - Euripides

13. Liv~s of the Noble Greeks - Plutarch

14. Greek Philosophers - Warner

15. Terl ~ - Euripides

16. Citil of God - St. Augustine

17. Beowulf

*18. Everyman

19. Second Shepherdf~ ~

20. The Divine Comedy - Dante

*21. ~. Faustus - Marlove

22. ~ Treatises - Luther

*23. "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" - Edvards

24. Paradise bill - Mil ton

25. "Age of Reason ll - Paine

26. Origin of Species - Darwin

27. Apologia Pro Vita Sua - Newman

28. The. Paver !ill9. the QJ..Qu - Greene

29. Siddhartha - Hesse

*30. Jesu~ Christ Superstar - Rice, Webber

31. Waiting for Godot - Beckett

32. Beyond Personality; the Christian Idea of God - C. S. Levis

33. The Pilgrim'~ Regress - C. S. Levis

MAN AND SOCIETY

*1. ~ Republic - Plato

2. Meditations - Marcus Aurelius

4

*3. The Frinc e - 1 [2chL'l ve1Jj

4. CanterburY 1ales - ChJ.ucer

*c. ~ - lIore

7. lbcbeth - Shakespeare

2. Romeo and Juljet - Shakespeare

a -' .

10.

11. 1f:~erJitatjon X'iIII" - Donne

12. The '.'Jay 0 f the \';orld - CongreVE,"

13. Gulliver's Travels - Swift

14.

15. "lI. ~:od est Proyos::;,.l'! - Swi ft

16. Past and Present - Carlyle

17. llCommon Sense" - Paine

*18. Dec lar,-;c tion .£f Independ ence - Jefferson 1!Letter to John Arbms"

19. Prjde and Frejudice - Austen

*20. Redburn - ?!!e1vi11e

*21. The Communist Manifesto - Marx

*22. Grec~t Expectations - Dickens

23.

24. llEs,:::,::;.y on Frogress'; - Beard

25. The Iron Heel - London

26. B2bbit - Lewis

27. The Wasteland - Eliot

The Hairv Aue - O'Neil --..;;;. ...... y ~

*29. The Great Ga tsby - Fi b;r:;era1d

*30. Civilizatio~ anrl Its Discontents - Freud

31. Flevol t 0 f the Basses - Ortegc1. y Gasset

32. The Comedians - Greene

*33. Lor(t 0 f the Flies - Golding

34. The Bear - FaHlkner

35. In :)ubious B8.t tIe - Steinbecl;::

36. Ar~ th ein - Rand

37. iL1J.imal Farm - Orwell --38.

*39. '1'he Greening 0 f America - Reich

40. Future Shock - Toffler

THE DIFFERENT DRUHHER

*1. Portrait of SocrCJ_tes - Flato (LLvincsto:.:.c, e r].)

2. ;'leditations - :~arcus Aurelius

3. A I:·IE'-D for All Seasons - Bolt

4. Three Treatises - Luther

6. King Lear - Shakespeare

7. Faradise Lost - tlil ton

8. The Autobiography - Franklin

9. Poor Richard's Almanack - Franklin

10. "The American Crisis" - Paine

11. ';'lalder: - Thoreau

*12. "Civil Disobedience"- Thoreau

*13. 11 Sel f-Relianc e" - Emerson

6

14. Essay on Han - Pope

15. IINature" - Emerson

]6. TrExperience" - Emerson

17. "Leaves of Grass - \'!hitman

18. H ovum Organum - B~c on

19. OriGin of Species - Darl.'lin

20. ArroVlsmith - Lewis

*21. The 'Jasteland - Eliot

22. Portrait of the Artist - Joyce

23~

24.

A Farewell to Arms - HeminfTvl<3.v .=...;...:;;-.:;....;,;..;;..-=-;..;.--- ~ ~

The Grares of 'OJrath - Steinbech

25. An Enemy of the People - Ibsen

26. Zorba the Greek - Y2zantzakis

*27. Future Shock - Toffler

AlJIENATION OF HODERN NAN

1. The Scarlet Letter - Hawthorne

2. Portrait of the Artist - Joyce

*3. The Invisible llan - Ellison

4. The Glass Henac;erie - ':!ilJ j .. ams

5. Dea tt 0 f a Salesman - I·'l:i.lIAr

*6. The Lottery - ElJen Violett - adapted from story by Shirley Jackson

7. The Hollow !Jlen - Eliot

8. The Sandbox - Albee

9. Zoo Story - Albee

10. To Y~ill ~ ?1ockingbird - Lee

7

11 liT t" C" 1" " ht~ • La J.ve ~ - nr1g. "

12. The Fire Next Time - Baldwin

13. Black Like Me - Griffin

*14. The True Believer - Hoffer

15. Crime and runishment - Dostoevsky

16. "I t 1 T'" ~ _; 1e _-,1 VJ.ng

17. Steppenwol f - Hesse

lR. A SinGle Febb1e - Hersey

19. 1:Jai tir,c for Godot - Beckett

20. Childhood's End - Clarke

21. Cat's Cradle - Vonneeut

22. 31ess the Beasts and Children - Swarthout

23. ! Clockwork Orange - Burgess

24. Brave New World - Huxley

*25.

?6. Future ,shoe!:\ --_ ~ .~".., er

27. Of Mice and Men - Steinbeck

28. The Iron Hee] - London

29. Tj rht in Auc;ust - Fsulkner --"'-- -

*30. Existentialism from Dostoevsky to Sartre - Kaufms.n

31. Fear, and TrembU.ne; - T/~ierb.;caard

*32.

33. Classics of Modern Fiction - Howe

*34. Collection of popular recordings by the Beatles, Cat Stevens, Faul 3imon, etc.

*--- Class Reading

8

Eusic Text (each st~dent will have a copy): Guide to Musical Understanding, Leon DallL1; tart III-~The Periods Ceno Styles of 11usic'l

~\rt '.::'exts il' nesource I,e})Qr2 tor~;:

1 ; . 2.

4.

1") !....) • Feldm2.'~

The ~~odern ~.'.orlcl - Eorbert J.Jy:ntOl1

F9.nJous Artists of the Fast - !ilice

i\:rel1i tee ture 'I'exts ir nesourc e I2JJOr3. tory:

1.

o

2. i.:. IIistor~~ of Are 1liteeture - Dir B:ou1i:=;ter Fletcher

1 , .

3.

,...., I •

() o.

9. 1';;e '.:'isdom :?::c1 IrJe:_.s of FJ E'~to - Eugene F:reemE~n 2.: D2,vid ""'TT,el

10. The FrolJer ,study - Q. ;~!1cler'so~' & J. I:az;c',eo

11. The Vision of TrQgedy - ,se'!.rc~ll

1 ..., ,c.

17; . -"' . 14.

1 C; I ... / •

~ T" 01 .... oee.s

Tr-e Bas:i.c "!ri ti.nes 0 f SiV!lunCl Freud

17. Irrati.Ot:eJ. :12,) - '::-1.11i?m 02rrett

10

19. The. Libera] ImC'cgination - Lionel Trilline'

2n 111 d F . B' t· hI' t ~ t '-r"lf 'T' d 11 ". 1 0 ern ore es ln r1 lS., ~l ·er,-,,- .ure - ~I. .... 1n.ct

21. The Modern Tradition - Ellman and Feidelson

22. Ned leval A{';e - Florf:'!s

23. Har1rlbook to Li.terature - Thra.ll, Hibbard & Holman

24. The Discarded Image - C. S. Lewis

Films:

1. Athens: The Golden AGe

2. Plato's ApoloCY: The Life and Teachings of Socrates

3. T~'1e AGe of Sophocles

4. The Character of Oedipus

t1an and God

6. The Recovery of Oedipus

7. The Odyssey, PaTts 1, II, and III

8. Art: 'ifhv Is It? --"- - -

9. Art of the Hiddle Ages

10. Art: Chartres Cathedral

11. The Age of Elizabeth

12. 1!.r:.'1at Happens in Hamlet

13. Hamlet: 1ne Readiness Is All

14. Ham1et: The Poisoned Kingdom

15. EarJy Victorian ~and and Charles Dickens

16. Great Expectations, Farts 1 and II

17. The Lottery

18. To E ill E:. Mock:i_ngbird

19. Hark Twain's America

20.

21. Gulliver's Travels

22. l1acbeth

Recordings:

1. Everyman

2. Jesus Christ Superstar

3. Hag:icnl I'1ystery Tour

4. Tea for the TilJerman

America (1619-1860, 1860-1877, 1!)77-todc~)

5. PaTsley, Sage, Rosemnry and Thyme

6. Sounds of Silence

11

~'Ian:T questions were taken in \'Ihole or in part from

Hmlors II1)X:le.Yl i ties Discussion Grours 0 f 1970-71 un d l3r the

direction of Dr. I-Io.~:,ry Taylor, EY1Glis1o fa.cnJ ty member at

Ball state University.

BOOY I -- l~lm Ju:-D RELIGION

Lesson Plans

1. Th~ 11ibJ~

2. Oedipus Rex - Sophocles

3. The Bacchae - Euripides

4. Everymm:

5. Dr. Faustus - ~:o..rlowe

6. "Sinnerfi in th'? Hands of o.n AnGry God" - Edwards

7. Jesu~ Christ Super f3tar - Rice & ':lebber

1. BibJical c1.11ture, art, music

2. Medieval culture, art, music

3. Renaissance art

4. Renaissance music

5. Renaissance science

6. Calirin and ~uEler: Effec ts on Furi tan thoueh t

7. The Jesus Freak ~ovement

Films

1. The Age of Sophocles

2. The Character of Oedipus

Han and God

14

1+. The Recovery of Oedipus

5. Art: ~.~iha t Is It?

'7. Ar t: C~artres Cathedr2.1

1. Everyman

2. Jesus Christ Superstar

Fi.eld Trips

1. Play - Jesus Christ Superstar

The Bible

1. Aims

A. To underst::~nd Hebraic and Christiar: COEcepts of

creation, God, and maE's relation to God.

B. To understand 2nd compare modern concepts of God,

cre2.tio:1, a:Jd ijan I s re 1a b_or: to Goel ".'i. th the He bra:ir:

and Christian concepts.

II. ~v~ethods

T) lJ.

Assign reedinc::; of "Genesisll::md "Ece] esi:J.stes" in

The Old Testament ::me: "I'ID.tthe'.'r" in The l;eVJ Te,st3.men t.

~ecture

1. Definitior: of myt~

2. Hebrew cultur~ (~ote: use of mimeographed

3. GeoGraphic locations of Hebrew nation 3.nd its

neichbors; dating of periods of nigrations.

I' v. Discussion ~)estions

1. What was Adam's sin?

2. How did God punish Adam?

3. ',~!hat then is the moaning of original r1in?

4. Did Ad~m have a choice of sinning or not?

5. If God is onmiscient, l;'!ouldn't He have knovm what Adan ';'fas goine: to do?

6. :'/hat W:l.S life before the Fall?

15

8. If God "sa'.';, all that He had made and it 'Nas very good,lI \',rhere did evil come from?

9. Discuss and compare man's relationship with God in the Bi~le witt man's relationship with God today.

10. How was the Hebraic community different from our community?

11. ~Hhy don't the Hebrews por tray God as taking a human form?

12. It is almost impossible to prove the Bj~lical stor~y of crI:J3.tior.. ~,:Ijny then d.o })eo['].e contin1)8 to believe it?

13. ',']'r1Y can "He consider Adam a hero?

14. ~hy oil the Hebrews consider Adam an anti-hero?

15. Adam and Eve v:ere dri. ven from Eden when the,), gained the knowledge of Good and evil. Is the Bible saying; thatfTi[,Dorance is bliss" 01' that knowledge is sin'?

':rh~/ do interpretations of the BibJe vary so greatl;y?

17. ~hy does modern man have so much trouble believing the Bible'? ~:~1:~~t ie'> it about moder'1 man that makes acceptance of such ideas difficult?

18. ';':~10.t 1s the ~)oint 'being made in Ec:clesio..stec 3: 1-8?

19.

Has ttis held true throughout history?

How can the Hebraic concept of in Ecclesiastes be summed up? recent past is ereat1y Gimilar Hoy! is it sind 1v.r';'

religion as estab]ished \~/hat reljgion in our to t"b.e Iiehraic concert':'

16

20. Complete devcti.on to God h,J..mpers m:m' c; own ability to reason ann to judge situations for himself. ~isGUSS this st~tement and its implications.

21. Iro'.'! ht;.c mooern men replaced tt:.e preachil1CS of :30l l )mml and tt8 Hebraic coven:mL VIi th conceptc; c f ::cis o':rn:' Or ho.E.~ h8 rerl,,:,,c I'd thes(~ c onc e~.,ts (3. tall. '.

2.2. '.'JllY is Chri st considcren :J.. hero?

23. 'sum~:12,r'ize C1-l}'ist' s teo.chings. Eor! are these teachin~s riifforcnL from or similar to the Hebraic c (' nee l' t G '.

2h. If a man doesn't attend a be con3i~eruJ reli[lous?

church service, If F,O, ~1 0\'(;-

CQ.rl he

26. CC,-'1. the Bible be l)sed aFi [,roof !)f God's 8yister'ce?

:i.'hy rioes j'l:"'.Y'. Deed some forn of G06 or sods?

29. I f the F3.11 bro1.JC:ct r1:J.in, s1.1 fferine;, ienoraY'.c e , :;,nd dC::J.th, C2.n m.J.l1' [3 scj_entific ar1v::'.ncef~--\'[hi.c'rl e limin:::: te ,:cDr5 ;ni'1 i'11i7.0 thesc--re turn :: i.~1 to the' SSTclen; Or is the C::lrc1~'YJ 0_ rOSSii)lc Y'cr3l11t?

1. Ail'(l13

A. To underste.rd Grecl-:: conceJPts of t.>8 :'()(ls 2.'1(1 '112." '8 re]ati0Ds~ip to the eorls.

;i.. Assien rec',c1 i .nc of Oedipus I:ex :J.nd Hamil tOE' ,s liytholocy.

J. The of So,:,hocles - - ... +----

2. The Character of Oedipus

~5. Oedipus:

L!-_ The Recovery of Oedipus

C. Lecture

2.

Edith I;c.milton's ]."lytholoGY; creQtion, f::-,te, V2.ri OUE Gods 2r:d their roles.

Greek culture, art, music, architecture.

3. Definition nf tragedy, irony and hybris, ~nd trc~cic hero.

D. Discussio~ Questio~s

2. Eo'.',T baE' Oedipus c':'lo.nEed from the beginninc.; of the pl~y to the end of the play?

3. ;:"'!:!Y is it L:1portant ths.t OedipuG find out who l:e j.s7

LI-. ':ina t ,s.re the similarities between the Hebraic

17

God an6 the Greek gods?:,'ho.t are the difference:3?

5. How docs the Greek differ in his vie~ of the Gods from tte Hebre~ view of his God?

6. '~Vnc.t does Jocastc:, tel1 Oedipus a.bout belief j_n prophecies? How docs Oedipus re2.ct?

7. 0hat iE the definition of paradox? ~hat is the maj or rare.d ox j_n the pI s.y? 'i':heL does Oedipus fjnal1y "see"';'

n. ·:.11[1.t does t}lE' average Greek of Borhocles' time think c:.bout fate?

9. Ho\'! d OF'S the HF;oroi C idea a f fate d.i ffer from this? :That does modern man think about fate?

10. -.~.That iF the fu~ction of the charm'; in Greek theater?

11. Does Oedipus sa tis fy the de fini tiol1 a f the tragic hero? -::l1y or Vlhy not?

12. In r.ihat physical sh3-pe did the Greeks depict their gods? HOD is this different from the Hebraic idea? -:.rhat 1s i t:-J::;out the Greel\- concept that coul.d nllQ1.'J this depiction? ",'!hich of the two -Ldeas does mod.ern man accept? -~'I'LY?

18

'] 3. Com:pare Adam to Oedipus. ':Jhat are their flaws? Bow are ttey different? How are they simiJ_2.r? Or do they have D.ny f1avJs?

14. ','v'hy if"; jt sicnif:Lcant that Jocasta hangs herself and Oedipus only blinds himself?

15. ':fe can CJ,gree that Oedipus is trying to find OG.t vtho he is or to know himself. \"!hat does it meo.n to know yourself? Can man knov; himself? If 80,

hov! does [Ie go about it? ':n1c,t :price does m3.11 pay for this know]edge? Does man even ~ant to knm'! himself? (Don't just t.r~T to an:3wer the questions; examine the questions.)

16. Judging from vJfJat happens to Oedipus and Adam, should mc;.n see]\" truth? Doesn't rnan hc.ve to lX1Y for this knowledge? Can we say from identity comes destruction~

17. Is Oedil")u8 rC:ll1y beine l)unished for marrying his mother and kilJing his father? If so, is God just in such a punishment?

18. The qnestions :1bout freedom, I'd. I 1 , fate, and deterrnj.nation are r,::tised throughout the play. Is Oedipus frce? Can he determine his own future?

19. DisCU::3s the fine} chor2J speech: Ills it better to be dead?f! Should Oedipus never have t)ec'!n born? (Compare the final choral speec~ with "Eec lJ'~siastes. il) In "Ecc lesiaf3tes;1 the word "vani t;y" should be trs.nslated ,':'.8 Ilnothincl! or nnothj ncr:.Gss. 11 ':L'hat is, both the chorus and I1Ece lcsiastr]s!1 SUGEGE.~t that 1i fe is mear..inc1ess. Is tnf? I"tJ~2;y, Oedj_pus Rex, S&;yi11t~ t~::,:lt life ':.8 tneo.n.j.11cJ_ e S8?

20. 'i/11Z;. t i.s tl'.e pl ay sayinc c_bout man in the 1Jrli verse? Does this vie~ of man differ from Horner's?

21. Do you feel that modern man is in control of his fate? Is modern nan punished for seekins trJth or knowledge?

The Baccha_E'

I. " . Hlms

A. T'o unoerst:o,.nd the chanr;es that took place in the Greeh­concepts of man and the gods between the time of Homer 2J"d tl1e t:l.~1e of tSO~"'l(locJ es Qnd Euripid.es.

E).- (;onti.nue dt,SCU8Sio:-~ of ;YJCJ")'s (Illest for triJt~ ::lno lJ.nder­st2nding ~nd the penalties for s~ch quests.

II. {!Iethods

A. Assi~n readinE of The Bacchae

B. J~ec ture

1. :::\levi e'.'! Homer's and Sorhocles' concr:;pb::; of man a,nd the gods.

~~. Disc USE tension be bNeeD Di onysus and .'::,1'0110 ~,·!o whs,t ecch 0 f tr.ese [ods symholi7,es.

3. Brief tiogr2phy of Euripides.

4. Changes in Greek culture from Sophocles to 2-;:;uri pi r1 e F •

C. Discussion Questions

1. Ttrcsial') prGj ses thn [i ft (1 f vline to mankind ; it droITses his senses and is the cure for man's \':e:::~riness and troub] es. Yet Homer in The Odyssey and Sorhocles in Oedinus Bex praise the search for th~ sel f. The orJ'y \'JD.y to live is to seek, not to weaker--not to be content ~ith the life of the lotus-eaters.

2. Eow ancl "',rny he.s the conception of tte cods 1:1 The Bacchae chc;nged frOF] V'lC C O:lC el,t:inD ,') f Vw ~~Od.E I.n ~he OdJ:~ES(l~!'::'

~~at is the raradoy here? The c~~ruG states that l!viisrl.om j.G () ftee =oolishr-l.ec;s.!1 '1'i .r'esiox.:, c.d6re<::si.:1C ::eEtl18US, S0..:n" , nyou !.;-oo\'.' t10t l,'!}~cn and ,'r'~ere ~70U

sre~:.1s" l'!o~s ~lOU ,2re I~3.vt.r_G; ~rol..t ~:;.lr·e~:.'~dJr '.1fi~ere dSI":lnced .. flO "

',;e o,rc tI".e ',':1 se ories; aJ 1 the rest :\:re mod.!:

~.. lIor; h3.p Tiresj8-B c: :w.:lGe(~ from OedJrw; Rex tc Th: Dacchae ';

,:;. In ':!~:3 t I','ey.s ekes th e Il)-:cyoris!! 0 r C' eel :i.rUG di f fer fro!!! th:.::.t of PenH1(,)us? Does il dLffcr 3.t 2JJ~

f. How was Dio~ysus ablp to infJuence the Domen of ~l}~Lebes? 11o\~j oOPS thj_s re~~J_ee t t~e c11~~~nCE~ ir~ con­cepts from SOlhocles to Euri~ide3?

'? It Does!l 't mC:lD neerl l10 th th.e e;.:preE113icr: 0 f t1" c Di orl~Tst.c:ln ~.nd Apollonian ,stdes 0 f tj s mi.nd? Sh(~'ll r~r, 't ther~ be 2. o::,:.laY1ce hetweer: emotior, ana re:::u,;on';

Everyman

9.

Disc US~3 tt, e paracl ox. "Dionysus C~ t t~, e end 1[=3 t.1-:.e

fiercer;t cod t11r)U2:'-:' v8ry [PEtIe i'" r i .13 \'!ays v:],t'c: 1,: 'lm:J.nk~31 0 • !,

lIY(1) k'llJ':t not '::h,s.t ~~our life is, see not 'Fho :?re." Disc uss U; is li.ne from Oedip1J.s :2cx as i.1LJmi '13. tes ':::'h'? B2.cchaA.

yon • -1-l ,~

]0. :-';Ol'1}'are Fenttew:o a.s c~ :18ro to Ad Cc '1 , Christ, and Oedi}luF:l.

]1. in The Bacchc.e~

Disc usr; the chorus I f:inal Ij_nes: "lJ:c:.ny forms the IJrlE,:een. • • So tl~is tracedy ~l.-::::; b('~,:;n. 11

, nnE

]3. Compare and contrast DtonysuG and Christ.

ILl,. ~.'Ihat is me::::..nt by 11 f:::.i th" as j.t is useel in th'? pl2.Y? Hov! does this comrCTe to Hebraic atlcl 1ater Chrlstic~rl concepts of faith?

1~5. Ar'? \':e \,!ronz to C).uestion God today even ttou[L ':Ie are taught to try and test our be1iefc on t~e basis r) f Be i_er~ tl fic proo f?

r' It: • -.'.ihat forces, ~11~,~t!1S, or j.cJea,s 3.1-'0

culture to GUCCeSt that Dionysus Did ~e ever leave?

:,.Jt i f:3

'sork in ')ur around aE;ai.n?

1 '? 1.~faE3 tl1cre dcstrltC tiOll in this IJI3 .. .;r similar" t.o the

J r. - - (~' .

lS.

clestructi.on

Tlle Bacchae and the Bible ?oint out that we may easily be s-\'J3.yed ';::'.Y f?1sR rrophets. How do we judge v!ho.t i8 falsc? IIo'I! can v\'e kr:OI'1;·:il:1s..t 2,bout the Jesus Fre3,ks--hoY! do they knoy.' they are r:Leh t';

'.7ere yOil shocked by tb e 8ndlng 0 f tte play~l '~']hy is it s:ilOckinc? Hor.' is Cb.ri .. st r s statement, "Take u}J the cross 2nd follow me," similaT to this cndir:.g'?

I. iSms

A. To understand medieval concepts of God.

B. To c ol?1.}lD.re J1ed ieval cone (c;llts 0 f God Y'i th Greek 2nd Hebraic concepts of God.

2]

A. Assign reading of ~veryman in conjwlction with recording.

D .u.

1. Definition of mor3Jity plays.

2. The power and influence of Roman C~thnlic church over most of t~e western world.

3. Define sac~amcnts and their usp.

L~. ?:IedievDl art, music, church, architecture.

C. Films: Cb~rtres Cathedral, Art 0 f the I'Ciddle Ages.

D. Discussion ~uestions

1. ','jhere is evide!lc e 0 f original sin in this play?

2. How is this play different from the typical moraJity play?

3. ~hat proble~s does Everyman face that all ~en must ~ <) lace:

4·. ';'j'}l.at. is e,llegory? Eov! is jt used -:in the play?

5,. \'fhat does Everyman at.tempt to do 1,'!hen Deat.h Carles for ~im? Does modern l1an foce deD.th j t1 U'e samo l,:ray? ','J'1Y?

6. How does the modern Evoryman react t.o Dionysus?

7. Does Ev'?rymc1D recogntzp and solve his conflict? How?

8. V!'r:at is the dj.fference between Oedipus' solution and Everyman's? How does this differe~ce emphasize ? change from 3reek to medievaJ thouCh t?

9. ';'Ihat mW3t every medievctl man do to so.ve himself? Did the Greeks and Hebre\','s have simiL:u:, ways 0 f saving themselves from eternal punishment?

10. How can man Jive in harmony with himself and in harmony with God at the same time?

IJ... ~'lhy did k!1O\'!ledge desert Everymo.r::? ':lhat then is the implication of tllO vo.lue of kr.owledee?

12. Could Everyoan get t ' h" <') ("T f t 11 e c. u:r en; 1. ,) e over peCTIc.)

to I1He.::.ven tl rIi th'Jut V.~Le use of o.gain the power the church had

22

13. Christ had to be alone to discover or find God. In nedieval relic-ien 1:0':: doe£:; !'lE,,1. find GO(l';

1/+_ Do you thi 11k t1i at Christ l,';"ou1d ~\.crec vii t?: mcdievcl t~r C'QIOt~~.r.? -,~.Tt.~i or 1.'.T~h~l n0t?

J 5. If "1a1" S I'urrese is to 1 i ve i l1 3J~C ord vii th his n::t t ure, c D.t' tlHJ FO.l} b0 c :;,,11ed c. I'erversion '? Jasn't it men's nature to choose knn~led~8 over complete submission to God?

17. ~,'i11Y nere there nc' tre 1:1endous g~:dns in science during the Hiodle l\c;es?

Dr. Faustus

I. Ai,ms

,~ H. To understa~~ RenEissance theoloEY.

B. 'Io compare Ren2dss~lnce V'eology to Hebraic, Greek, e2.r ly CL d,s t.i:J.r.l, (.:'.,n:1 ;;180 ie val -t}~eoloC2·.

C. T!J underst:::'..)~o nen2tssallce c 1J.1ture a:>cl its effect 0": nod er:1 t'- OUc.:;;l t .

II. ~'lethods

.n..

p 0. FUm: Art: '::ha t I,s T+<::

...J... !.". ':illv Is It? -----lo(...

C. Lee ture

1. Renaiss::tnce cuJ Lure--music and art.

2. Effect of th'(-"n" sclence !)n nenc:dssal1ce thhd·dnc;.

3. Brief bi.ocraphy of LarlQ'.l!e.

J. Discussion '~estions

1. '.T::y jGn' t D:,. F:J.ustus considerecl c, 'i1ecEevE:l rnoraJ t t~r 2:jJ,c>~ri: ·.'fl1~ t ~re tl:.e sj_nliJ c,:r:i ti_Cf3 1-;etl:.reen t!.l1.S ~--I]J:,.~; ,::L::rJ. t}:o }11orc"I.I t~r l"'11.c'"~tf3?

2._ 1-:0':;, t~lf:Y:", 1-~:;~8 '(:'D.r~' S rnJ.2.t.ion8~1j~; to God C'"lc..rlL~p.d f~CD mefiev~l to Ren:J.issanc0 t~cu[ht?

~) 9 I [1 '.~:(J,J. t ~\:ro..Jrs d j~ d tl~l e f(e rl:liS 821) c C C;) 1 t Ltre {-: 11~ln Cr.::

~rorn t~ e ncrJi('vcLJ c11.1 tUre':·

l+. :.IC)1;r dj/ the 'oci.entifj_c theor:i~;s of C(1)er~1icl)E.;, d::~ V:Lr:.ci, :::n(; ~~::.lLl 00 a"fl,,:ct tl:'80lu2:Y of the ~·'=-i~ d ,:31 r: ':i~~8 G·?

c. ·~~n:1D_t sjrl dj_d l:'2~IStUS corrn:11t an .. o hQ\',r j_~; tl:j_s 2ir_ 8i~i12r to Arl~m's?

~ EOW'8 Faus!us' sir simil~r to th2t of Oodipus?

23

l~). ::::::"11 FC~W3t1.l.S be cotlsirJered :l herr) i.~l thIS S::;''":18 r:::enL~(, ;J8 ~td :ttr:?

1). IIov! dir] the np.~C~iss2.nce alter th.e r,oe131 st[',t.us () f the churc{1.?

12. Discuss th~ fol1oDinG passage:

It has only been in the last t~o centuries tllat the ncjori ty of peo}lle ill civilj.zecJ countries have cl~imed the privileGo of being individuals. Formerly they were slavo, ?easant, laborel', even ;:.~rtisc:m, bu tEet person • It i~3 c 1 f~::'lr that ~hjs re vol u tion, a trilln1:!!h for j us tic e j.l1 n::t'1Y \,;;:.~ys ••• has ~lso introduced ne~ kinds of grief and misery, and so fnr, on tho bro~dest scale, it has not been C:'.ltocet:-,er ;-:. sncr:ess ••• For 2, histori::.m [it; h::.s beeill of gI'e~t interest, hut for one aware of t~e 81J,fferh.c :U is ~}):'allinc. IIe~:trb3 tl12.t set no real 1,','2.:30, GOllIs t~~at f:i_Del no nourishment. F~.lf;o­>00c1s unlili1j_tecL Desir8, l.El.li.mitec .• ~-'oBsib:i.llt:'i~, U'y11inlited. I'nrossible deman.ds uror: camI'lex Y'c2.ljties, llnJirliteo ••• 'I'hc j_o8Cl of the uni~lU('neSG of t1:~8 f30ul. kJ excellent idea. A true idea. Eut in these forms? In theG,] P?o!, forms;' DeO.'.r God ~ ·.Ii t~. ll::d_r, , 1,·.'i t':.~ clot.hes, VilLI drucs 2.nd cOSt:'lOt.lCG, ','[It!l g8Yllt:~l::'.c., ,,".,tth r~o~nd tI'ipG throuch ev~l, m?nGtI'oGi~J" iJ.c:.:J. orey, ~lth even God approacned t~roud oosccnlt18s? Eow terrified the sou] must be in ttis vehemence.

fro:n S21J.l Bello1:!' 8 novel :lr. S~J8r'.§. rl.::met

13. The Ren,'J.isGo.nc e stressed indi viduo.lj_sm; fro':1 t?:.e nen3.iss:3..DCe to nodern c12,Y, mC,l1 ha~3 been ei.ther destro~T-Lns .systems or trying to free h:imsel f from

tl:crn~ Yet llere is t11e }1ar\:ldox: I\=oC'ler~n rnan see~~1S to be les8 an jrdividuuJ than over before. Dis­cuss this p~radox in refere~cc to Bello~'s passace.

l~.. RenaissaDc c man :'- t tempted to oPl'ose t:-::0 S~TS te:n. To Wh3t exte!1t C2.D 1'l1an o1"poso a .system? C2.n :IEUl

exist 1,'!1 t~out a system;' Isn't rna;] too '.':e(:"k to 0l'}'OSI~ thl" po'::er of the s~rstem?

15. Can ~Qn still believe in the possibility of UtO:E'ia. '.~!:1f3 ?!ork for sue h a Uto;Jia an oj still believe in God?

16. 'it'1Y is Dr. Fa1)stus both ;::1 Rene.issc.nc I3 and a ~le·'l·ev"'-l -,-].",,') 1. -'1_ G-\.. 1-'--(,/..:/.

17. Discuss the following stat8~ent: The hero is alr:ay" the :nnn vlho dClres to do things v.hich tne soc i8 ty or c tl1 tl)Te is o.fraid to do. There fore, Fee [1 (;ro is a1':JC:lYf3 in isolCltion.

",sinners in th G Han cJ s 0 f O:rl. Angry Godl!

L Aims

To understw'o Puritan theol.oey.

D. To understand Furitan society.

D. To unocrstcnd t:le effect of rurttanisr.1 on modern mar!.

II. l'·:ethods

AssiCr. roa(~inc·1t ,Sj nners in the Hands 0 f an Angry God. 11

1. Discuss :Lnfluence of CD.lvin .:.md Luther on t}~e Puri tans.

2. Disc uss Fur:L to..n migro.. tiOE to AmeriGO. end the society the Furj.tans established; rlat5~G D~d Ioeation of Furitan coloni8s.

?:" lJeft:1e l{evelation, Redemption, 'The Elect, In­spirat __ i.QE:., .:uritcLll,;. :sthic, ITovidence.

C. Disc uSBi on :.;,uestion:::::

1. ~hat are the i~fluences of Greek theolocy on Pllrt t~:'~1 tr1.c)llgh t '?

2. Ho\'! ca:l.. ':1e say thz,t Puritan thouGht i:3 bC1t~1 Chris tian and He bro.i.c?

3. ~.'ih8re c an the Furi tan iel eo. 0 f t! elec tn'2ss" be found :Ln. V1e Old 'l'estOJllent?

4. Did the Puritans have to go to church to communi­cate l,'rith Goel 2,S did the medievoJ mcm'?

5. ·~.'ho.t r:1ust n :r'u.ritar br;'il1 order to Co to heaven?

S. Ho~ does one bpcome elect?

7 ~ ':JnC?~t (lid tt.0 I~Jl),ri t3J1S tl"linl{ of Il1di2.r~s? Could an Indian go t~ heo.ve~? .'ihy or ~hy not?

9 ~hat is the Furitan ethic? ~oes it exist in our soc i. et:;'':'' Si ve 8xanl1les.

10. The I-'uritar.2 left Encland and EuroJ1e to pract.ice t':~eir reJiGi Or' :i.n Ameri.ca \'Ti thout peri38c uti on • Yet they persecuted t~ose TIho disbelieved in or dicJn't con forr.'1 to tr.eir tlleolob~~ _ Hat3 ·th~Ls 1: aprerwc1 in any 0 f the other relisi.ol1;3 \':e l;.';'V8

studied? ·,-n:.at is it ,'?,bout man thc,t mc:J'\cs ;,il11 (30 th:i.c~?

] J. Are :nOf3t 0 f us members 0 f Luther I s "}')ries thood of boL'.8vC'rs,!I cu'd if so, ho~'! do "Ie justify it:;-

12. How dirt a Puritan demonstrate his 218ct~ess? Could thore h2VO been 2~y fckors~

]i+. The rey! ~nGland Primer aeeLis y!it.h tl-:~.s line: l'In Ad[tln's f.:;;.ll '.7e sinned 0..11." .oJ r:p believe this statemont today?

15. ?rom our study of reJigions, does it seem the more Ue religion exploits the fear o~ the people, the more \'!idesrreo..d ~nd succpssful the relicion is?

16. ;:101.'J ':!odrJ th; :::ur:i t.~~:C1S T02Ct to sci'Jntiftc 2rJVc.nce­me~ts Jike tte moor landinc?

1 ? #I '}'h~l :l2-.,ren' t .:~r~~·r o"~ t.G(; reI ic;irJl1.s V.J!? 1.':L.:tVe :-:;tud.i.8c1 bee~ iil:':)-('er~teY'r-:'d :inc;tcc..rl cf GO(l-c/?nt(~red,?

Jesus Christ SUrerG~2r

}3 It fIle: 1.l~i d e-rstc1.llrJ '.~/"I'l~.~ t-, t'rOl)~_~:~ t r't? 1 i[3i (J~!' t.c j_ tEJ r:1 :)(1crr~ ':~t:7..te •

II. ~Iet'.l()ds

h. A~si2n rendinc i~ rJ~ss of Jesus Christ SVEerst~r i~ c'J~'lj·_lnci.-tOJ 1:.'jt~r~ r'eC('lru ..

D. ~_:(-\cLl)re

r< \J.

J~SCUSE e~rost of D~r~ir ~D~ modern Bel once O~ rr::li[:'icUi:', t':ouCht.

Dj_ GC ~,JS E '1 ~ f)1,~/ r:l 0 r] :; rrl

t::, e s tc:V~ n f~i :'.:' , ~ refIec t.

tl .... 8.[ed ~r?

3. Discuss t~e foJJoITinC: It is ncre im:ortant to ~c~us on Jesus as rr ~an rather than as ~ divinity.

~.. 1\1'e Chris t' G tE::~:..crd nC2 O.S ii18.:Jnincful to vr:; :L f 1,'.'e fc)r[et his divin5_ty?

~" ;.';'hot o.re 80 11e d:i_c"ferences betr.reo:'lHo.tt1'e'::' fj rortrQy~l of the crucifixion ond tre ~ort1'aynl in n·d.s rL:~:I?

'7. IF) God tn (-:l8

t.l: t~~j_G l~J(:"J; 3,~~.: :;1'lo·i.C0?

much control of the rrs in Oedipus Rex? ~)id Jesun?

'::ilC.t j.G tte v.:Jluc :i_11 JUde::;' of c; ~~r _i ;-3 t j_(~ t 1.1 i s l)]-:~t.~.:;'

peorle a~d actio~F :05Jl J 1)6 as ',,; ave

27

9. Discus.' Judas' ,sll("(:)c;h, nYou've heCl:: to matter 1'10re tY:J.1! t:iC t.hing.'.; .}'OU say. T! Does r: e ;:108.n the. t Christ's ':'ost i'n[ortcmt rolc iE l'i::o tc::tchincs ar.:d not hi~ divin1ty?

Does :11(.:'.8S "1,='" ".l'.'.'.:::,;:;'S t:12_ke ~l martyr 0 f l-,iJ3 lead or? ·,·rr:~;- docs lY!0.:-: (l(j t~:..if):'

1J. Discuss U'0 follo~inr statement: Jesus Christ - •• ~ t' ., .. -I' , 3uperstar ~R saYlnc that Goe b1rt~ ana aeatn of Ctrist ~aG a riivine rlot.

]2. Is t~e pJay treati~c the divinity of Christ or 'U'_s crucifixior. as r,1;y-th? ':fhy is therE~ so much l'lllY"-lnr ]'ll-iec t-E'Cl 1''1+0 t};e '",1,,,,v0 (!!l·TE·'''"'nr:I'<o S'on c'!!

1) '. ~ u ~""'.'. ...- \.- ... '. J .;.- -'- ...... --.v • J. -'..!.. ....... \...... 0 . b' t~:E"" SC'::lC 0 [' He !~pofd;l(::;s, and comments by t 1:e cro\~!d)1i

13. Has 'TIoc1crn 'TI"U'. refuted the mytb~ of ~'c,st 1"c:liGions or d OCE he (lE.ve myths 0 f his ovm? Iro':.' c1 id D.:;~rv:in' s t':1eoriel3 d cstroy much 0 f the forc e 0 f tr2.rJi tional religions?

H ro ',"fhat does t)le slov! decc..1Y of reliGious ritu3.1 indicate :3bout. tr,e tempcr of l"nodern t11eolocy7 ·:.rh2.t cloes j t i"!dica .. te :tbout man' 8 needs?

15. ·:.'e have s2.:icl before t.'n..:tt m<J.J1 !EtS ::.lv:;:~.ys needed::;.

16.

God or gods to believe in; he h2S always needed myth. Does mod8rn [:leul Gtill need God c\_nd r1yth?

Discuss whet':ler the most comnon reliCion toclay t~e relicion of each individual and his God.

1('. '::ill m,:::m eventued 1y do C1.ua,y I'd th 2.11 "socia1!! reliGions? Ti~0 tis, \':i11 churches soon disappe;::cr? '~';"l1y or."hy not '7

Ie. Does mooerlJ man have 2 .. ny fears for c:my given religion to exploit?

19. Does mc:: .. '1 have to fe8T :: God? C:;,n his roli_gion invol vc:; onl~/ lovp?' Is it p08sibl_8 to i:,roI"s1'_tr~ God \'!it~out a religious system?

3C'OK I I - rIJ';l'-J 111m soc IETY

Lesson Flans

1. Utopi2, - Hore

2~ Declaratiol} of Indepenc1encQ. and flletter to J oh;~ j~d C:'.msl! - Jefferson

3. Redburn - Melville

5. The Great Qatsb~ - FitzgeraJd

6. Lord 0 f the 1<'1 ie8 - Gol di~G

Guest Lectures

1. CuI ture 0 f 'l'l1dor Encland, 1500-1550

2. Revoluti.on and Deism, 1776

4. American Socjet~1 in the lCl20's

5. The Destructive Forces of t~e Id

Films

1. Early Vic torian Enf:;J end ::rnd Charles Dickens

29

UtoDia +

n J"; , To C ornpc:.l.re

utoJ?i.o.. l'Iore's TftO"'l" '" v .... ,;,_ c ..... rrevious cnrLCOi1ts of

II. ~Iethods

1\.. i~8siGn reading ir. Utopia; Boo]<.: I, II: 1, ?, 12, 16.

D .u. Lecture

1. Discussion of fletto's a-,-:d St. AUGU~3ti'18'S con­cepts of utorin.

2. :Jefi,lition of s2-tiro c_nd its importacce J_.:1 later -,'Tt ti!"lE.

7, -. Culture in ~udor

c. Discussior: ~uestionG

J. Disc uss Ule s tcteme:1 t: If ;'lan i[~ i.mperfec t by lletture, it is i;Tposfdble to achic-')v(' 2.ny for-1 of utopian society.

2. Is it contrDJhctol'2T for 2_ mall of th8 cl1urcll to belicvA in the ~ossibility of a~ e2rtt1y ~topia?

3. -:n1at 9.1''':: some si.mi13.riti.cs and di fferenc8.'] beh:ee'.1 flato's concepts of utopja and Kare's?

4. ',:hc:t inherent qU2.1ityin m32: doee ::ore J.)~lint to as the ~ain reason for the impossibility of ~ utopia? Can mar ever overcome this failure in ~--:if-) Y.t2 .. t"Ur'e? Is th~¥s .?_ fo_j_lure?

',':'r:at is tnp. "(;12.1" di 'fferenc8 bet\',recn Ih:::,(:,' s pro­posed Utopi2 ~~d st. Aucustj~e's?

6. ','iould therp beJ.ny nccd for any reJigj_on or theolozy t ~1 D. It to pi (:~~' ':/c~~,r or rlY~~r no L~)

8. By admittinc tte 1;r!E' ac.-r e e:L t~ f~ i:.rj, t~h F'e dopravtt.y of

inpossibility of a utoria, 2~e t~c concc}lt of ori,ctn~l]- ~-::in [lr~d :1} ,:J~;~ ?

J.l...

11). CC~l; lltclrd_o. f~='~ir;t ~F3 ::7 .. 11 i_G.rjivir;lt·_~~l :}}~OCCSS SCI12"r~te frClln :"~ SO~ i:~l_l" I(:;:rs t.C;":l-:"

£ fDr :J t.oIJi~~ frorJ tl""~efJi0tj_C~.1_l~l" "') ].::r)r~"1 sj_ t f~ u~~~tr'~-:;:"J~ s • Cn elo J t.l t. (: rJl~}, t ll0 t ~T,rc: ·:.~i J l. :'::eet S(I:nc',',,1,(;-ec 'T: t:".c midrlle of F:,? ::=;~ p\,tr~,r":1 t'J rOT'(~~ o~:c· SO~ "t(:t~,..

1 ~~ #1 I r t~e::'e ~::c r'[' ()r'.J"~T t':lO r:r.?O ~}J_e tJ:! utoTi2 stjll b0 imnossiblp7

of Ir.cl e 11n r: d (::nc e ..

~c 0 u" ;-! (~l ey' s t,~·~(; (1 t.1~. e ~-:ll':'l -1" :"! r 5_1i J. !? f~ () f 0 P'~l oc r ·:=lC ~. ::.~l rJ t~-=- 8

~~E'voJc,t:Lon of J776.

c. ~c comp~re democr2cy ~uri~G tte revolutio~ ~ith demGcracy toc12.y.

A. Assign rea~ing

B. Icce tu.re

~iSCUSE event~ th~t lerl to revoJutior.

2. ~f~ect of Dcis~ on deDocr2tic thouCht.

Jefferson [~tc, tes t~1="t it i8 the rich t 0 f the ~)eop1e to ,:;C 1 tel' or 2,holtsc, .J. coverr~mer~ t \,!~len t:-le c~)vernY:~c'l t 'lceo'nes clestructive of J~h:d,J~ l)'lo.li(m:J,1>le righ tr:3. If t':1 ,.C) c;overm':1t::'n t in QUCE3 l,im~ bec omes i'TI}lossi bJJ' I;c ::'J t!,'n' 1):' II dLW l,roe pss, 11 should \'''8

7.ssmrlP t"::.lt violent revolution js the onJ ~,r recourse'; D008 th is ~}.I)rJ=' to our cover:nen t tOfL::y?

2.. De fine uFal:ieE:J.r')]p r:Lg1:t.s.

J e f fercolJ ,statlC~s tl' J. t all men .::'.re cree!' ted equ.Q.1 tTl Fle eJ'es of God. Are ::.11 men equcel in the (~~rer-, of men? If ~10t, 'dlat effect doeE'; thic., 1'J'i~'cil'J e of 1')c:lu.::.1tty have on man-mace covern­:nen t,s? Is the e:::'lwl i t;;r in the e~.'e'3 0 f God irrs}Rvant in t~e foroation of govornment?

Jefferson states that ma~ creates governme~ts to secure::' is 1..l.nalienable rich ts. D5 <:::c UBS th1s assunption in reference to eovernments we have previously studierl.

Jefferson co~tinues by saying that IThen a govern­ment becomes despotic it is not only the right 'out 3.J.so t'"c c::'ligation of the p']ople to overthro\': th.::.d: governmer: t. ':J1:Ctt 'lal'pens to }!eopJ e ,>':ho try to overthroTI t~e government? ~hy aan't they succeed?

6. Discuss the fol10wi~E: Because a great deaJ of the youth in t~is country feel it is no loncer possible to chanGe the Government or syste~, and t?lat atter'!yts .:::~t revolution Vlould be futi1e, the::;e same you-rh c.lre bee om'ing o.lJO_thetic or n cGcccpe­consciouf.:' .11

7. ~ouJd 2 violent American revolution he possible? ','Joula 5_ t be ben e fic ial ?

c;. ':,,[b.ctt is bes t fOT' our soc j~et:r tod,2..y--gr2..dtJ2~]_ Cb.C:.D ce or immediate c~an[e?

9. I.e; i.t possU)le for democracy to exist i.n t~'c: !lid82JH sense? ';:l~at ):o.rpens to a theory '.'lhen it. is }mt into pr3.ctice?'

10. CouJd the Hebrews have formed a democro.cy? W'at did the Greel"s l)elieve tn ,:;hj CD allowed them to 8stabJish a type of democracy?

11. ~:.1El. t does Jefferson mean by the true artstocro,cy? Ca~ anyone be on aristocrat by Jefferson's definition?

12. Does S1H: 1--: an o.rtstocT'::':'CY exist in Arnertc a today;'

13. Ho\'! did one become an n-rjstocrat ill Hebrojc, Greek, loman, ~edieval, and Puritan culturee?

14. Jefferson states that a citi~en has control over his government throu~! the election rroccss. Often '~JO lear; .. about: corrurtion in our covernmer:. t. Is t~e cittzen still in control? Is government too 1 '-"-ree c:.nd c cTplex to abide by C1ef'10CraC y j r tl eory?

Redburn

I Q .tl.i;11S

~Co underst::'.YlCl 80Cj ety as rre~3ented in =::e1vi11e' s neclburn.

B. To ul'.derstcnd t:'.e p ffee t 0 f Industri.::~J. ;:{evolution on economy_

C. To COMp~re modern society to society presented in tIle nov81.

II. ~ieV.'ods

A. AssiGn readinc of Redburn.

2. Disc uss I'1dustri21 Hevolution ana ~.ts in f1 I).enc e on Brit~s~ ~nd Americ~n economy and cllture.

3. Discuss utili.tari::~;: 2.:'.C1 ;;racmatic l,hiJ 080r:~1Y of \Iic tori~lYl ec ODC11L:1_str3.

C. Discusston :~uestion,s

;::~. :,''0.at. ki:-'lc1 of societ~T cloes RecliJurn discover ir'. 1'~8\V -'1()rJ.~ Cit~;;

32

3. Eo','.' does Rcclburn viev: t1w scd.lors, and hov[ do 11~,3 ideas obout ]i.~e at sea ch&nce durinc t~e voyaGo?

L. Is the society Uedburr discovers in Liverpool di fferent from thc::d. of 1Ie1:,' Yorh: City? Hov:?

Ho~ did the society treat beGcars? How does Redburn react to this treatment?

6. lire bOG[~~l~S ct:--:rT slU,rl1S Cl TLecess::r~," Tl2rt of t~~r; c api to.1 is ti.c system?

1~':11 ~T do tQd3.~l? F;:r st ('::-:;1

~e r0act differontly to povert~ and slums ,;11:;' are '.':e differFmt from th: ce,Ilit2Jj8tic

c)f t~e novel':'

9. ".Tl:':1t Closs Jedourn foel to he the soJllti.on to thesn F:OC:i.Z~:'. evils? Do .,/0U o.ccert GUC'~ ,:.<. solutio;,': Is it realistic?

10. Has an~' so~iet:r Ol~ cuI tu:>:'e V!G ":2..ve r..:::t.udisc1 (?Ji n1:i.­

r]:1 tpcJ }lOver+,~" b'? C5c:rs, or slums?

11. Ji) the :;?racmatic :.lnrJ utD.itarian :philc1so};1;ies exist today? Give examplps.

13. Does carito.]is~ focus more on mo.terlal objects I;:':::m or: [opiritua1 r(3\'!arclS? ':,°1,)' or Y.':'y r:ot?

lL~. IID.S noc3burn crc.~rnl ~llJ to ac(~cl't "evil re::<.lityl! by the erJn of t}H~ :1ovel?

15. Are we rejecti~s cc:r~t21is~ today or si~r1y trJTj._n~: to Cb.2,-~se it?,

I. ~lir[!s

1..\. ...

2. Irfluer1.::e of Industri:::.l ::?i('voJution c~nd otl'er },}-; i 10 so ~'"l i(~:' 0 t' ~'12.r'":.

'1 :.~l.').t r01e; doc'':; \.}~e ir(Hvirll}_~'.l r12Y in :::CJ:11];1LJ]"jf~('1 r: O'~:1:-\2 r- ~~ j 3 ~:.rj. t 1; ,-, 2_ S }~ c 1. e irj C C-I:i t:~~J_ ir;~Y1?

2. I",rts l'1Jl'e 101":'1, \'ron1d ferm 0 f fovE'1":~::,ey1 t '? If e'lcr" 't"::~ _____ c" lJ(:,Y' rpc. tj<o~t:'1

cO~Duni8~ ~e ~ ~e~fcct r~o, c,~r! ~:cll .. .:-~j_Et i~o!r~n!l~lj_c;:'n

-.rn~,r Ol~ ".-}}~~~T r10 t~;

:;1:_~." ('lOr: G = =al":'~ Sct:t t!-: 0_ t II j.f) L~l" ',7 e.rL'"1J.1 E::ll t., lll~.l iJ{" p c~ll ~l2,St C.ic1 fut'.u'c C(\'iAr::"',1eil t'3, ':!Dl cw.rv:i.vc ::::8 lone ':~I.F) ~n::.'1 docs'~

4. CouJd Jusus C~riBt be considered a con~unist?

r:, ~ .. Is cornm:.mis'l 2 re1i[ion; ':Jhat rl(y~[: ;~OT~~ :c:::,y 2Jl0:tt

1"e11[i03; =xrJ~i~.

6. In E~'eCt';j_::C of tl1C culture of the bourgo0is, ::~l.rz sc~ys, "'~:::;'::'lt cnlture, the loss of '.'.""ich I 12nent, js for Lh(~ eno!.':!'ou,s m,'Jjorit,j,.T! A!.'c ';'18 gujlty of cre.-;+,inZ ()ur reOl'lc; to -=H~t ::.:.8 r:12C}lines;

'7 Ire; i. t pos,::d.c,le f;O .::;hol-i.sr '"tern2'~J trHt~Ls, rslt,s-ion, 2.;.1 O. ilor,~~~li t~.~ .. ~\

,:; .:f!~' doe:", Ilc'Tx ccn8ic1o~ the }}rol('tt:~Y':i.:lt t:1C 0[IJ2' really ~evolutj0~ary class?

<j. llo.rx ru1ec out ~rec.tive tLirJd.nc C2.8 2.n irfluel1ce on r.l_st.i)ry. '.,'~"J th)12 di6 :lar::-= tl-.inJ;: ::::.')6 \,.'rj.to so ;1uGh,;

10. ..:iron' t ~lOt1~ CO;i!:]unism 2nd C8.1')italj.r;;n COl'.ccr~~ed ~at i~;~~. t~ n llI' Co S }}f:'!" ~t -t:i 0 f t,}~. e c 01;]fn c)rl rlan ';

11. I~:; mO.D co::.trolle r] by :lis f.L:1t.nrioJ Cxii3tcnce?

12.

That is, docs ~~~'8 thinking, or his values, re[3u1 t d:5.rec t.ly iro'11 hic:; ;,;,c.terL;,l "l'.real th ODd r;(~ 11.-be :;_11 {; .... I

Disc USE; t~:e I)Ossil-:\ili t~r fro~] ~OiC.f' It

of all ?crsons as ~uman Is t t ]jossil~le?

J.3. 2)oos :nOYI rule tLe socjet~r or does s'Jcinty rule:

14. ',,:1(; '.'JouJ d ::3TX S3.y c.re the nat.aroJ.clrir;tocr::.ts? Or '::()u]( l .... e ,1:i.[)colJnt t'nis concort eltirel~.r?

15~ vi..scuss tr~is stc,teFlent: It is not :s'ossi'ole to have 8. viole:: t. r L3vol u tion ... 'i tb out the c:ocl'er3. tio:;:,c of U e Tl,~SSCS \'k? ;-re ie1?rc.n t ? f L~e0:c':;r [mrl corCf~rnE"'(J only ':;'J.t.-. ':n8.tcrJ.al CaJ.:rls.

16., Discnss U'-8 fol1orJ:Lnt; sto..tement: fIIYlI)rOl'ortiOl:' 2.8 Ll'e 3.nt3.co::imTI oet\'!ee~ claG~3es r!:L tliir' t'1C nC::.tton v.::mtE3:18S, trw }'ost:LJit,Y of 0:18 natton to D.lwt>er ",;iT 1 C omp to em end. 11

17. Discuss the following: the organized pO~8r of :mother.11

35

nr01i tical pQ1.'.'er iL~ mere] y ODe class for oppressinc

Is ther'~ a class struggle in America to(1cJ.y? Give cxcun:pl 8;3 ..

19. Does thee uprer cJ eBS or rdddlE' cl,2.sS rule !i:TIerj,can soclet;;T tod('l~l'; ~'!h~y?

20. Durinc the r'lepression, \'Ihen iilnerica vras doubtiYJE c 8·rd tal i,sm, \~rhy rHcln' t Americ a 11a vc 8. revol u tj on;'

2J. ':/}'.at does }Iarx mean V!l"ell he says essence precec)es existenc c< Discuss t~.iG C onc ept in lign t of Greek cJualism',

22. Is t'~e United states the closest repre:sen ts. tion of Marx's theories?

?7. ---,-' . Success idec~l. to \'Jork ment c.n esc aIle?

of communism is a group effort to~ard an Is Dodern mar too selfish and materialistic for a group effort ': Is the "hil'rie!1 r:lOve­attempt at such an effort or is it an

The Grea.t Gatsby

I. Aiy'ls

A. To unclersta~j d Fi.tzeerald' s vie'.'.' 0 f zl1an in the 192:)' s tl ' m' ('. .L."t' as presen E"( J.n 1:1E) ...;;-reat, 'J2 .soy.

B. To lJr.derstand irfluencci3 on modern man \'ll~iG}'l brine hi.m to his },')"eEent statl?

(' v. To compare Doder~ man to man of the past.

J. American society in 1920's.

a. ec ono)];y

o. muslc c.ncl GnVent of :'1otion picturG~3

2. Jiscuss the exp2tri~te movement and its causes.

3. Discusn the effect of scie~ce orr rnode~n man's l'':1j.l osorjL~c.

1. Could Gatsby 'be consid,erod V'S i\:·'1erice .. ): ;"CLi.:i1? ".T'"l:r or \v"n ~j -~1 0 t,~

2. '::hc~t coulrl be t:~e ::;allses of tlle ressimislll of Fit~cer~ld and the expatri2tos in the 1920's? Ho'.': dace tili.G lJ()Gsi.mif.31~1 dj.ffer fran t~le i?0l]2.Ctic iTIOVemen t ',::e (:1:1..:'3C ussed earlier?

.3. Is fl~e !l in Ll.n:L te c :c:.pac i ty to "'[OY] (1 e r!l :J. rr)':::::r~ tic i.. (1 e:~? ·,';1·:.~i- or 1:l~ I;;~ not ':

/+. G,=~tsb~y spent. fi,re ~reCl~cs of }ii,c J..j.fe to cc::t ~1i.G c1r<)~c~~1. ',;;1,-,t did > .. "3 g:::dn? ;,n12 .. t V,'2S h:i .. G dre.J.:1;' ~ould ~t ~2ve ~een better not to havo Guet a r1 re::-~m?

.7. :/ould ~'efferGo;"] conSJ.oer GiC'..tsby 0 :'n:::;.tural o..ristocrat i ! b.;r his defin:it:i.on':'

~~). ~~'Jlat; role dOOG scie::ce l)]_=:~~~T 'i_ll lb.e ;~irlfi.~~5rtc cal'~2cj. t2! to ':rOll:ier1!?

r7. ~C}8G raodern IJ:1Y} eE1r~lo~.T t~.e iTir:fj_n:i te CQ~}oJ":1t::r to 1,','onc:.erl! :I.li .'i.e d,dJy lLfe7

g. DisC 11S!: the fo1101:::i.nc statemeLt c~s -it ::lI'rJiOG to the rove}: Once:o. L~:.tllS i8 :J..ttc:d.ned it is I.'.'ort~:. T otUne_ Seen you find 2ny e:{c.r111J.Of:3 0 f t:021r~ j'Toccrn ~]~:.:.~ l1o.:3 :~cco':r:ll;J_i_,s11e(: H,rll-.L("~'l l")j~c'=~i:1e

ins5~C11j_ ~jJ~~~~.n t?

c). ·.Jl3.-: i::: F~(' (15..ff'?rf"Ylco 't)eb'!eer, 0c1~'i3Sel)8 c':.nd Satah; as ~eroes?

1 C) • J)j_ se U[; 2 Ga. -cs 11 Joc '[3 C o~r ~ l10~7 0.0 e s tJ~ (~ rl:~~C l'lt.11 e SUrrt)rt F:it" . .c.;f;r~) .. lr1' c) centrc.} PH;s5.E3?

1 J • l~ c rt1':;Jl I: C:) G S(~ fJ~~C C S t2. t ec1 : tPj:}l. e r.7~: t e r' can. tj.Il u_:.-:.l1.:,r fJ.~)r:cr~ ~~_ncl flo:.~:8(i; ~rct it \';ro.,s ~:.}_":.i2=~S t~l(~l"'E~: j_t

"rc..B a1",'ays tto'"J2t'1e 2x!d :rct nv':;r~r nome~1ti t ~',·::;.G ~lC,:.'.1J Eo":: ,JoC'r; this [3t:::ct8"18n1:. rel~; .. tc~ to t};p !I:i .. r:=~.l'i t" C:::JI'C:.c-i t~, to rrC::c1(c'Y'!1 :: .... ;;,1 ::c~(, ::18\'81 ':

J L~.. .. ~1_ t ~:.r() 11 ~ (1 S'(~ t.F l~l ~,- ~. '::-~~;' ':; .. ~II! U t f,']. t C', ~r8 C ~:.~-l}_ J., 2~t' (1 r'rc'z-) eG~"J -;" G~ t i_ f)j', ':

1 I:; ".-' .. If3 i :-~e l' f":~'~J.J=- ~··r·'1 ~~ t·.(:~T ~:1oveY'JC~} t r.~i t.}~ .. J.:.-, i ... {).J~L~ .~'\

OX3:i:,1 ('c.

~ord of t~e Flies

T ..L.

.' ..:.1 _ ~~o L~~)(lr:~r'lst::'"'Jl~~ Colr15_:"'C'S ~vt8~',r (:f r:l')dt":ri~ :-(j::i: :-~F~ I'lre­":l~~'~lted ~~n l.,('r·:~ :;f t}"8 FJ~i"es. ---

coril1J~;~1~c; t~1c f"" -1 r; (""Ie \.J.' ......... _.,) I.e" ..

II. ~ :'9tllorJ s

. L.I. •

1

Di8C~SS ~OGtructive ~)~~ Freu.d.

of the PJ5es . ---

pc-CSCYl ted

1. 1;3 there a pCcrD.1J 81 bet'::eer:. tl](~ [,tomic ·,·.'~'T t:::Jd.nc T,L:'.cC-' in t~le rest of the \':o1'1d 2.i'd the ~ctivit~ on the isJ2nd? Explain.

2. Do PlO b!)~TS on the isL~nd iP1i to.te Ele :\c\ult \·:orld i~ their 2~tio~s?

C onl1)3..]~e co rJiJ (;!'. t

'I'~:8 D2.cchao o.nd. Lord of t:, c I'll.es. ':.'ho..t (: () e r:- p r,,, 11 1'1,,1.-0 ();-r'Fp 11·" +11-.-'(> I' r i,'.·1," .. 1' '.) .,,,-) ."~~'_."'" ,_ ,~~_........ '- rt l ... fl J ~ •• ___ • '"-''-~J.. ~ _)...... ~ ~ ..

'-!. Do t.he ~onflictG in th:~ nove] ()ri~=i.natJ? frovl t~le ~~tu~e of 00Cj in~ividu21 or from the social Gyste~ in ~,jch t~Py l~ve?

lIar! doe.s :} r't1~iT'c~t for ~-:11ood't ~)l:i.~r Q J11CLjor l-'ol(~

i .. n bot'~ 'l'he B3.CC!F.'~e 21;<3 the novol'~

JisCUSG the rol1o~ing: story ~o f&r b8yO~0 t~e C £-1. i .. l d rt'll •

Th? ir:rlications of thE' rJesencrctjon of D. fC":'

7 • !Lre tIl (; C rL~.l .. l~LlC t8r[~ rortr:l:;r8d ~?"G 1":lo.n OJ~ DJ trn.:lJ ir ';:"00 3aeC~1C:~8? 1:1 the novel? -- -Cc..r~ fi~_ ~~C~: 1=:'0 C tJn.ciCl cr0ci .:l ?':U)stj ~~n l]~~jl--: \~.r·1~~ ~T not?

1(';.::OS[,[3 ~!.:lcJ Chrir::;t caUR out of i.soJatim: ~18.vinc cai:~ed J::cJerst0.l!(lirC (tl1C ::10U!lt ,:::.",J the desert). ·:,:';'c.t Si:-:lil0.r icci,nellt OCCll.rs iYJ t'1.8 novcJ? ' .. ~!::':.t ull.cler[)t.:ln(l~i.~'~L: \'/as C~'J.i~~ed?

11. Dr) thc 'o"YG the island?

exreri0nC8 any loss of identity on '~'n:c~t effcf:t does tl:~L.r:~ hC~~Te on. t11c;~j1?

12. Does PiCSY r 0 al1y cODoit suicide?

13. Is there 2.1':/ (~vjrJenee of Dionysus in t1'1e novel? If so, ::,here'?

14. DisCUSF U18 f01101.':in5: 1'1'0 mc:'.il' strucg1e in t00 !1~ QV'? J.. j~E) bet VIe en R2~]_D}1 c .. t:,cl J ? .. C 1\ • ~:ouJ_d VIe 8 ::_~t

32

tL-::;. t. V· e C 0'1 n i.e t is behreon fl.ro1l,) 2.nd Dionysl1.s~

15. DiseUSE: t'0c fol1oTLnC: 51.non is f:iG~l. ti~lG c.sainst t:-_e r'e('o[niU_oJ~ of ~:umo.n cCtl')oe:Ltje:3 for eviJ.

16. ',,'}lO.t fUll cl e.men tal C onc e pt () f t'1 e !! G:}rcJ Qn ev1clen t. in t~:c nov(?].';

17. Is tl1iE; novel fae] e or rea.1i ty? ':!hy or \':hy not?

JS. Do :,ro1J::1.crce '.'::i, U: Golding's pessim:Lml cone erninc hUln2,11 La ture? Is mod ern m::m like till,s? Do '::8

'l,:'~VP. D. riehtruc ti. VO beCJ3t '::i thi.n us'?

20. ;:.n~ y do reo:::,le like to see viol enc e on tel evision and in the tteater? ~TI1Y do people always rush to the scene: of 3.Il Q,ccidont or rnur[)eY';' ~)n \"e like to soe bJ.nod?

21. ~.:m :nT(1 ever conquer the "Id" 0.nd ';1i:Tliu.J.te it from his nature? Is there any hope for ~an?

22. Have Golding's ideas echoed any pbiloso?hios of t 11e ?2,St; h[;.s t, ('> i'Y'PCiic ted t}i8 f1) bi-re?

BOOE III - THE DIFFEREl'JT DRUHlIER

Lesson Plans

1. Portrait of Socrates - Plato (Livingstone eel.)

2. Ham1et - Shakespeare

3. "Self-Reliance!! - Emerson l!Civ:i_l Dj.sooedience" - Thoreau

Guest Lectures

1. Elizabethan England

2. FundClmentals of Transcendental Fhiloso:9hy

Films

1. Athens: The Golden Age

2. Plato's Apology: The Life and Teachings of Socrates

3. -Nha t Happens in IIarnlet

4. HaJ111et: The Readiness Is All

Field Trips

1. Play - Hamlet

40

Fortrait of Socrates

1. Aims

A. To u~dersta~rl Plato's concepts of man und the universe.

;]. To compare PIa to's rhilosophy v:i th }:,hilof30Ihies previously studied.

C. To understcmd U'e influence of Fli:::.to's I'hl.loso::.;hy on modern m:::;.n.

II. ~·lethods

r, H.

A • .... ss1.£:n reading of ~ortrait of Socrates

B. Lecture

1. Discuss changes in religion, society and culture from Ho~er to Flato.

2. Brief biography of Socrates.

:'>. Define

0.. dualism

h. universals and forms

c. heavenly Eros

C. Films

1. Iithens: The Golden Age

2. rl:::'.to'.§, Apology: '1'he Life and 1'eachings of Socrates

D. Discussion Questions

1. Is the ::::hris ticm f::::.i th bo.sed on PL.:~ to's dtwlj.sm;' Explcj.n.

2. Dhat, in your own mind, is the soul?

3. ::::ompare the sou] to 0. bridegroom; to a caeed bird. ~xpI3.in t~1ese mc-o talJhors.

~.. Assumins 1113.::: h3.s 2. soul, l:1Ust thr-:: souJ 0 f nee ess:t t~, be i:nl'.lOrtal?

5 . ,'fh;y is i. t nee essary to 2..SGume m2..n has a sOlJ.1 \':hen trying to explain his existence?

E;. i:'~11~tt iF t'c1 e 1l11rsuit of: II "spiritllal ll.fe" aY1C1. [1_0\I,r

does IJato vip~ it?

7. '.'!''10.t iy the ~~)urslJj~t of a "rb~T8~i.c~1 life!; and hO',~j rioes PJato vie~ it?

<'3. 'Tny is the I'll.rsul t 0 f ic:' 11 Ec;p:i.ri tu::;.l It fe lf 2,1 1';':::'Ys r1:::..r,o,] ~d '::;:"l.pr 1:'12.':1 l'1'YStC2J Tursl'.its';

10. ';fn2.t if (~vil 2.S ,YO'). concGive it?

J "7

--;J .. Does PJato's deficition of evil completely explain all the acts of evil in t~p worlrl? ~Jl the suf­fering;

':!hC!t c~ru S0:11e fundamentoJ differe:n(~es bet','.'eer: FJ2to'::-; concept of ev:i.1 2J'.cl that of tl~e C>iristL1TI G }-1.1J.rc}1 ~

15. C or:J}J(J.rE:' ths Christio.n i.e! e~'. 0 f ~e3.ven l.'d. Pl the reaJn () f th~ Torr',s in Plato's pbilosorhy. ':i}wt "'.re t"te simtl~rities .::mc.l differences?

16. Does PJato bnJieve t"te soul can exert as much influeLce over the body as the body does over t"e sOll.1 '":' ','il]~r or 19hy not';'

17. Does PJato accept the concept of orig~nal sin? ','.'"h y or ',':hy not ':

18. 'iIhat are SO'-1e fundamental dtfferenees bet1.'!een tl:e Homede and Plc:ttontc concepts of c:" [;ood man'?

19. rITe you satisfied '.'fith Plato's ar[';tment concerninG the existence of God or the 1.'rorld of the forms? ',~r['~y or why not?

20. Joes Flato agree with the Greek concept of ~oly­theism': 'Shy or why not?

21. The TIorld, 2S Plato knows it, is not merely composed of the gnod 3.n,l the evj.l. Life is fi] led l}.rjth choices between two possible goods. HOTI does Plato say we disting1..l.ish beb:een t~le]"l1? l~ow do '.':e dis­tinGuish bet'.'!een .:J. ff':11 cherT! .:J.D.d l!lo'.Verf! Eood?

22. 'Jould FJ.ato sa;;' lTt.:J.n needs to obey his own nature?

42

2.3. 83.Yl 1,':8 cODsidf]r Plato tIle father of Christianity? :Jhy or vrhy not?

24. Ho.s Fla to' f) ph j.losophy survi veil the test 0 f time?

Hamlet

I. Aims

A. I)isc uss ShDl{espe.::u~e' s :presen ta tion 0 f the charac ter Hamlet.

B. Discuss Eli~abethaD E~gland

II. l:ethods

A. Assie:11 reading of Hamlet.

B. Lec ture

2. Elizab(~than theater

3. Drie f lJiocra}'hy 0 f S!J.a.kespeare

C. Films

1) 1.-.

2. Hamlet: The Readiness Is All

Discussion Questions

1. Does Hamlet fit our previous de fi.ni tion 0 f a tragic hero? '/1hy or why not?

2. ';'Ihot q'.J.estions does Ibmlet ask himself?

3. ';'Jhat p8rsonal tragedies has Hamlet experienced and how do t~8se experiences affect his outlook on existence?

4. Discuss the paradox: Hamlet is directly or indir 0 ctly responsible for the deaths in the play) yet he abhors killing.

5. Reviev! Hamlet's soliloquies. '\';'h:lt do you notice ·:::tbout the I,rogression of thought from the first to la.st? 'i:nat has Hmalet finally decideC1 to do?

43

6. DiSClJ.8S Hamlet's gr9.veyara speec~ in Act III: liTo 1."!hat base uses '.'!e may return, Horatio! \']hy may not imagination trace the noble dust of AJ.exan~er till he fino it stoPl,ing 2. bungQolf~." ·.That is he saying?

7. How does Hamlet differ from Oedipus in his view of existence?

8. :s H::l.'1llet s3.ying that death is the answer to worldly prob] ems and suffering in his "to be or not to belT soliloquy? If not,what i.s he sayinG?

9. How does Hamlet change in his course cf action from the beginning to the end of the play? How doee; he comp2.re to Oedipus in such ch.::;.nges of character?

10. There ::::re many examples of the conflict between ap}")earanc ean d reality in the pl<:lY. Is this 2-

univers<:ll conflic t? ':Ihy or why not? Think of examples in your daily life in vJhieh you n<:lve f<:lced this struggle.

11. Doe,s Hc:.mlet com'nit suicide? Did he KPOYJ ~vhat the result of his actions would be?

12. Does He.mlet fi~rJ U'e solution to h:Ls question? Give examples.

13. '.'Jas Hawle t 's only motivation revenge?

ll+. Do you agree ',vi t.h Fortinbras' sum.rna tion or euJ.ogy of Hamlet in the last speech of the play? ':i11Y or why not?

15. Is it }'ossible to finel an anSl'Ter to the question H:?m1et asl\s? '/ihy or why not?

11 Sel f-Rel:Lanc ell and !ICi viI Disobedienc e IT

I. Aims

A. To uno E'Y'stccnd transc e~c1 en to-I yhiloGo}!hy DB I'resen ted by ~merGon anrJ Thoreau.

B. ~ro relate '1::ne cffect2 of tran:3cendcntal thought on modern man.

C. To compare the role of the individual in transcendental l,~iIoso?hy \'!i t}1 hi~:3 rol e in other philoso})l1ies pre­viously stUdied.

II _ He tl'~od 8

A. , . reaaJ,ng 0.11(1 "Civil Disobedience. I:

B. Lecture

J. Disc USE fund amen ta.ls 0 f transc enden L,l r:hilosoI'hy.

2. Brie f 1::;'io[;r:~rhief3 0 f Er:1erson, Thoreo.u, o.llrJ the !iConcord Circle."

3. Causes of Tro.nsce~dental Movement.

C. Discuss:Lon Questions

1. EmersoL says, !I'I'o 'helieve yOl1r ov:·n thouGht, to believe th~t what is true for you in your private heart is true for all mcm , --that i:3 senius. I; Do you o.cce::;t or reject this staten1Emt? Eo':,' v!Duld Plato react to this statement?

2. Jud Gine from \'Ill 0. t Emerson says in question one, vrh2.t I'!ould. '()P s~y about original sin?

.3. Emerson 0.180 states: w.'/hoso ','/01.).] d be a melD, must be a nODcomformist ••• Hothine is at lc-;.st sacred but tllE~ inteGrity of your Dvm mind ••• no law ca.n be sacred to me but that of m;y nCJ..ture." Discusr; the,so rrinc:trl ps in lieht of modern societ~r. ',.~lat ~'!oulrl har-pen if every man clid as EraerGon i_rlstl~llctS·: \:.rould there be C~~}.~i l·::irJ rl of society o.t all~

,4. If a ];lc..rl '.v::-;};t3 to kiJ.1 8.rother mo..r., C:J.ll 118

jLtstif2f the l'n1J~"der -()~r :Srnf:~so~' s I\)~j_!le~L}J]_CE-3? ~.::n ~r or ~',r}l~! r .. 'J t?

5. '~C~·ll2-t does E1TIorson :nec ... (1 \~!!.1f:~~l. lie f)':::"YE tJl2..t 11,8 C::"'l~(

a::-,tici~,\ate C'.. m3.L'~) 2.rGll:':1Snt if he klVJ'.'![: his sect? :;"flat cloeE) t~1.iG stc.te(1ent sccy 2.bc'ut r c:;liGion :?l!O

cOEfor:ni ty';

:Thcct does Emerson say 3.bout the tndividual and traditj.on7 3k)ul.d 0. society l;12.ce tk? inr:livic1u~l'8 Dhi~s hefore traditio~C'..l laws?

g. '';ouJ (1 ~;c'l(c;:;:'30n ;~E' 1) '...lrY18 ,1 :::,J:c ,:;. heretic ttl t"hc.0 :':j(~(n8 Aees? ~~y or ~ty not~

o C')ul cl Emerson he C onsjcl ered 3.

10. [0':: ,10Ci3 the 2.rll:ereflc0 to tradj_tiorl :::':ld 12.""s of the past inhibit the crec~.ti ve proc ess'?

11. ~lat does Emerson t~ink of travel in foreicn c01J.ntrics? ':;11y doe,:: rce feel thL=) 1.','o..y?

45

Ie:. Discuss t~e foJlo~inc: disco..se of the ~il], so of the intellect. l !

11 AG men' s )rayel~s are .:;.. are their creeds 0.. diseo.so

l~). ·:.That mLJst mar consider b8fore he begins tD.C ~:roc ess 0 f crec:.t5_ve t~ough t? Does tl"l:i.s con tra­dic"'c Erners(\n' f) c onc epts 0 f tradition?

14. Can mar ever be" C orlpletel~r sel f-relio..n t? ':thy or '.'.'1:1y not?'

15. ':Ihat d:iSClJ.ssioDf3 'Hould Euriride8 2J1d Golding have "\7j.th Enlerson?

J6. lio':: do I:.::trx and li>18rson [',eree :::1no disagree on the role of the individual in society? on the 2cceptance of tradition?

17. Thoreau states Vlat the best government is one vl11ich covernf" not at all. '}.'ho.t. socie"'c:;' '.'Jould result from s11ch 2J1 idea of government?

13. Disc:usr:: tlH? follo','fing: Emer20n 8110 Thoreau aSSLJ.rr1e Un t mo.n is inheren t.lj' good. Is this assumption th,? fed lure 0 f tneir phi1of3opby? iw"fl1:)r or V/'rl~! not?'

19. '.'lhc,t c10es Thoreau say about majority rule? Do you c.gree or disagree?

20. ·TcJ.t \'Joule) h2.p:'CD. if ::::.11 ;~'len did 1.':h.::t t?ley felt VlClS rj_Jht~)

21. Does T'lOreau -reject the Americc.n Constitution; ~.'n.1Y or '::hy 11 0 t?

22. ','!hat r:,)ulr3 'l"lOreau S2.y about modern mem' 2 atte:npts 2.t esc3.~~iin[; t1..,c system rather th:ll1 correcting it:?

23. \iOlJ.ld Thoreau ':Jgree ':;itt vi01ent revolutirm? Cite exampl~s 1.~1 hl~~ essay to rrove YOlJr point.

2ft. Do you believe that in our rresent society c:;very good marl beloncs in jail? ;,'n,.y or \'Ihy not?

25. T;",11at nould flato say about civil clisobedience?

46

According to r.::hore::m, 'irbat action sliOuld :-'linori ties take?

27. Thoreau says that man is ruled by his possessions. Is this true 0 f modern m,m? P:re you ruled by your possessions?

Do r:o.rx 2.!1d Thoreo.u agree on the e ffcG t of rna terL:~lis;"1 on man? Give examples.

29. Could we consider Thoreau 0. communist? Refer to the laGt Ilaragra:ph of f!Self-ReJian~e.1!

30. ~i.11at noulc1 Thore[lU thinh: of the war in Viet Nam? ~hat would he think of the Chicago Seven Trial?

31. Could TIe consider Christ a transcendentalist? 'Hhy or v!hy no t?

32. Could TIe consider Emerson and Thoreau the model "hippi(~GI! or " fre2.ks" in our society?

BOOY. IV - THE ALIEN ATIOE OF 110DERH i<A1'J

Lesson Flans

1. The Gl.3.sS Heno..gerie - \'!illiams

? . Alienation in Popular Rec orrJingG (see '0 e1 o \,1 )

3. Hotes from Undere;round - j)ostoevsh:y

Guest LectureG

1. The modErn theo..ter of Ionesco, Beckett, Genet, Albe p , E'tC.

2. ~TIerica~ society, 1940-50.

3. Possible co..uses of existential thought.

Recordings

1. lIFool on the Hilll1 - Lennon-l-lcCartney

2. "let It De" - Lennon-lkCartney

3. 1I1:!itbj_n YOlJ ;:/ithout You!! - George Ho.rri.son

5. "'.'!oodstoc;l,l1 - Joni l'-litchel1

6. l!:Jon't =~et It BrinE' You Donn" - :I:Teil YounG

9. 11 I An 2. noch: t1 - Paul Simon

10. tlSounds of Silence" - Paul Simon

11. l1A Simple Desultory Fhilipr:ic" - ?c::w.l Simon

12. liThe Boxer" - Paul Simon

13. li','Zher·'3 Do the Cbildren Flay" - Cat stevens

1lj-. POn tneRoad to Finc1 Outf! - Cat stevens

Notes from UnderGround

I.. i-l.i:-ns

A. To understC::.nd the ec~rly existentialism of Dostoevsky as presented i.n lTotes from UnoergroundM

48

To compare his philosorhy ~it~ others we have studied.

(' v. ~:o lJ.nderst::md rossible causes of existential:i,sm.

II. lIe thocls

B.

Assi~n reacling of Notes from Underground c,nd the intr~duction by Y~uf;nann-.--

1. Di.SCUSE fU:1dC'~1"'18l'to.ls of existentialism; rliscuss the v&rious kind;:3 of existen tj.alism l')resen ted by l':aufmar:n.

2. :Jisc USE the rosr3ible c c"..uses 0 f exi:3ten ti2.1ism.

3. Brie f tiography 0 f Dostoevsky.

4. Definition of o.lienation

c. Discussion Questions

1. ':::"1at i:::; met(J.l)h~Tsic S;' ~:lhere l-:ave ',';(3 er'c ou;:) tered the term be fore?

~). AccorcUn,s to Dostoevsky, 'eby is 2. man of character and action a limited creature?

L~. ',~;~'lY docs r'e believe U:at only the fool, not the ir telbeellt m:::~'", C 2.D bec one anyU'in~1

? Do ',.·.·e ree.l1y ~'ric1e ourselves in OUl~ dlsee.ses? Expla.ir: •

8. DiseUSE the follo~inc: Tho enjoyn8~t one cains fran) hl;rti~lC ot'ler reol;le COl-:1eS frOI:1 be5_11'::; too con80icu8 of one's o~n decrQ~Qtion.

9. J08G ~·~·1('rd er~ rl: ... D' c C~;.Y:2J'"'ellr?f3S 0 f th e 11 ~1)e]_e~3E~lef:)8 () f ]~lj_~~ e):ictp~lC p J.(;,J.c1 tfJ :7,J_4_en~:.tj_ on .-?) I-Io~~.~~?

]J. Or l")2cCC' 67 Jostr)ev8ky rr:.:futes ,:~ fu:'.dQt11cnt:::J. FIQ tonj.c '.10 tio::J.. ':i~~cj= is the not:iJ)''. ~::':ld :, (Y:.'

rioes h8 refute it?

J 2. '.'.;~.c.. t ~:1.r( 'l,JI rJ ~03 to C vslcS~ So..Jl 3~b :111 t t~· "is E~ to.. tCPlen t : The mora civiJi~ed ma~ beco~es, the J0SS bloori­tri~'~stJP and. '\:.r~i~I"l_=Ll~e :~.c bOCCIIlOS.

13 II ":.:hc,.t deer) })08 to (::V G ~~.~'" ;~~~~~.,. ~~h C1J. t re2.iSOYl ~lnd 1 () ej-c Q3 i~fJuc~~es on choice?

49

15. ':r~~at if; 1i['r; ':.':i.thout i'rse 1,'.'i11 or'~IlO:::..ce, c1.ccordinc to Dosie evs]~~r?

·:"here is t'r. ers cvid ene e 0 f Dio!lYSUS 2.nd Arollo iE his 2.rgur:len t':;

17. ':Jh-:-~t b_~lS Dostoevsky done to FL-:.to's dU3.J5srn? ~):p]~airL •

1 () ___ c~ e Could 1.':e c o::~sirl er Dostoevsky 3. DomaD t::lC? ':.Thy or ':[hy not?

19. :/ou1d Dostoev,sky o_gree l!!i th pred estina t ton? ~ould ~e ~cree witb any religious philoso~~y \7e ~av(' stur:LLecl be fore'? '::11,1' or \';1:;..1' not:'

20. -:.~rr_Jr does m3.~1

to ::-dmcel f. (losi . .re ':,'hat tc stu3?icl or harmful ~horn would Christ bla~e for this?

21. :;ll~r I'[ould F::.us tus be :::t hero to Dos toev,sh:y?

22. ':Jhat 00 fr':;e w:i..l1 and c~oice preserve in us? Is the satisfaction of our desires tbe solution to alienation? Explain.

2.3. ':inat dc'es Dos+'o::;vs]·;:y mean I'Ihen he sa;,;n3 t't1at mc.n' s \'!or,st (:e fee t ts his "}lerlietual moral obJic:ui ty!!?

2f+_ Discusf3 the po.radox:: 1:3.'1 has continw:tlly tried to prove that he is a rationo.l and re3.sonine animal; yet ~orld history proves everything bu t his rc~ tiona1 i ty •

25. ;:!h2~t dees Dostoevsky say is tbe c3if3tinction between mar.. and animal?

26 .;'Jhy doss melD l,ur.rosc fully destroy thoE;e th::i.ncs he h~s or is attempting to create?

2? _ ~.'tr,a t dees DDGtoevsk~T say the di fferene e betl:!een ::,T t a:nd 1:1:J.D is in his c 0!111')o-rison on JX~Ge 77?

28. '~;;110.t tt en ts the :J.bsurdi ty 0 f Yi12Xl' i3 existenc E';'

50

29. '.iho arr· the nbnormeJ and norm:J.l rr:eD in Dostoevsky's th.inl~i~~ g7 '.'}t.CL t ar'8 t11eir charD.c te:~is tic s?

30. ','n'lY is it better to do nothing?

31. Discuss the fol10wiLg: The reason Dostoevsky a:'ld hie .rhiJosoIhy are so hard to acce}')t is thnt ~;e ha,s destro:-od ::;t ereClt deal of V!;1at VIe believe in--our herit:J.go, or our reputed heritage.

3,~. On t~'1e other ~lC1nd, 1,",hy are so man.y of the things Dostoevsl<;y ::;ays so easy to acce.pt as tr'Jth? Could j,t be tllnt l'Je are exactly, do eXC1ct1y as lle sayG? Does this scare you? CaD you step outside of ~Tourself aEd exai'1ine rJllSLt you c,re 2.nri S3.2r , tlYes, he is right"?

The Glass Menagerie

I. jU,ms

fro understan.d thn condition of modorY:. iTI2.n 2.S presented in The Glar::;s l·Cenagerio.

B. To compClre the role of mo~ern man in society Dith the role of man in P2St societies.

C. rro understC'.nd Americcm socj_ety, 1940-50.

II. Nethods

A. Assign readinr; of Tl>e Glas" l1en2.gerie.

D. ~..Jec ture

1. Brief biocraphy 0 f.~!ilJi2.ms.

2. Discuss the modern theater of I~nesco, Beckett, Genet, Albee, etc.

3. DisCl18i:i .1'imeric.::;.n society, 1940-50.

r' v. Discussion ~uestions

1# Sum:narize the envj_ronment of the main characters in this l)l(].y. '.'!hClt (; ffec t does the er..viro::lmen t have on the char(].cters?

2. ~:r..'1a t i2 A:TIanaa' s cor.. flic t '?

is Tom's c onflic t'?

",'!hat I.c2JJr a's con fl ic t?

5. Hoy.' are these c}lar3.C tel's alienated? Are tb ey alienated by society, themselves, or hoth?

6. How does each character escape re(].lity?

7. -;;'hat additional me2,ns, not present in the pl(].y, C ouI d Oedir'us, :Sveryman, PIC', to, .::md the lie brews use to cope ITith reality? HoY! did these means bell' them in their strucgle? ';"ihy don't TOnI, Amanda, an0 L?,ura use ttese same mean:3;

8. Is Har:·:' s eoneellt of materiD,1 vleal th (Jetermining one's C OrlSC iousrl8sS proven in this :olay? '.v'0..~r or \'rhy not?

9. Eo'.'! \'fOuI0 Jefferson reae t to this rlay? ',:;'hom v!ould ~1e bl.anw for the evils in tIl e play; ii/h.y?

10. Is Ama:-ula 2, tr:lgic hero;' Explain.

11. Discuss t~is quotation as a com~cnt on tte conc1it'i.on of modern mO.n: llyou Imow it dO::l't t2J,e too rnuc;!'. intelligence to get yourself ::i_'.ltO :;, l''.aiJed-up coffin, L:lura. But Fho in hell over got hinself out of one ~iV:out re­moving one ns.iJ?"

12. ffuy is To~'s escape unpJes.sant? Is it to esc ape frOYil re:o,li ty \':i thou t cui1 t?

possible Explain.

51

13. Can:l :ilan exist in moderY'_ societ;)', or 2J'1~r societ~r for that matter, without some meruls of escape? ~hat are some of the ~ays we escape eact day?

lL~. \'!hat ~?Te the benefits of 8E3cape?

15. Could \'Ie consid~H' -the ',':oodstock Rrx:l" Fef")tival ctn escalle? I:.~L;I or 1.~.rh~1 :10t·c;!

16 # lire U; e communes C-.l1 attempt to recre~~ te the Garden? Explain.

I'? Is t'Je 2.tternl,t 'rJy !]an to cr82.te c. 'J.topian 80c:Lct~!

1.C.

19.

2.lL (,SCC~Il8? ;.:rLat. kincJs of escc.lJ8 2.re setnc U.Or..Cc1 by r10dcrn socint;y? ;:!"Ydch are not?

~.Tr:.') c .. t if;

os c c:.pe '~~I

Discusf; /1.mo_nd,a,

thE') 1<:8j' oi fferenc 8 beb'!een Ton 8.nc1 Am::md 2.' S

·':Jll3.t'::ou1d Freud s:xy about :~nlYlOa?

the follol'!inC: 1'01:'1, :?'1d t2.urc.

There is s littJ.e Ilart of in eetch of us.

20. Discuss the folloTIinC: Nodern society is so c01:1}lle:: t~nc:.t tr~e j_~1d~LvidllC:J_ is L-~[~ f1--'2giJ_e QS glc:GG. Is (~sc ::'''..l't'; the only rec ourse? ;:1112.t 3.bou t relic~.on; Or is th:i f, too al~. escape'?

Alienation i~ Popular necordi~es

n 0.

" D.

u:v1e:rst';.:li' Eo conr~ition ]:C)I·>tll_2r '!--c:c O-~(lj~r; ss.

'~0 cor11\-=-"'~r'e t:iC i(~.c~~.s ~)}"'8E.~en_ ted j_tl t]'lt~SO Y'o~ordj_~c",s ~:Jj_ t~·) t.~~8 :i. '1eo.r~ 0 f r~c;.st '.~rr~j_ ters.

II.:::.nil ont mh1E:o[rap:'~p{~ corieL::" of the rcc(lr,Jil;'SS for study (list of recordings O~ first p~ce).

SOYlG i~ C O~l j l,l.l1C tiol1 ':.1i tIl

J .• (~2.t StE-'\le~"c.:~ ~~jc~r~tiol}.s j_n ;-:5_8 S(lnc, i?~'.1'1pr(: ~)o t:le C{;- 5.]. c1 'r eo:: I- J ~~ ~,r~' i 1 tl-: ?~t It '.l!C ~": .... v{.~ ~ or~~~e c. ]. OYl sr.' 2.-:/ • Tt

II?~ve '.'Ie T~~Ql1y? ',:}')at do ':!8 co.:::sicler to (ye yrOcress? Are O'J.:'~ t e~: l1:1~ c cJ Qr~ d r3C i en ti fie c:ulv OD C ene n t. s :'.15enc.tinc t'::-~e h'c':jviduc'.lr-; i~-: society? ExplaLl.

2. In steven's song, lIOr trI8 Iioo,cl to Find out," he ~ropo8cs a solution to our probleM. ~hett is tte solu tiOE? Do you, :J.cree or dis8,[rnc? .iIe is ob­viousJy sUGcestinG a return to the p~st--V18 Good book 1,T.Dl h:ic:l~ the devil out. -:,,~'1o.t is the value of relicion in conquerinc alicL2tion:

;" ','!11o..t i.8 Petul SLnon sugcestinc 2cbout our com­)!luDic Cotion in li:;)anG1inc Con vers.J. tion \:'? ','.'h'.J.t docs communic~tion have to do TIith alienation?

53

Are y!p really C omnunic 2.t::Lng \'Jj_ th each Gth8r? lire

'::e lIcouchedb~, our inclifference?!I ·::llc.t thinGs oug':J. t '.'.Ie be c ornr1unic c~ tine? '.'fill this end 2Iien:.."c­tion?

4. .3L'10n states in llA 51I'11")1e Desul tor:' PJ:..ililiric" th2t he is tired of beine shaped and Doldod by t~~oEie Q~I"olJ.n(J !-:jJ:'l. lIar} d.o t::c ide2f3 of Olll~ con­temuora~ies shaDP ~nJ moJd us? ~e have discussed rnytS ma~y timeG~as a nec0ssary part of our exis­tence. Simon Gtatcs that he is branded a communist for bei~c left ~anJcd, ~TId that he has paid 211 tl-:.e dues h8 ';;C'.nts to 1X\,/. Hoy! do tIle myths of our society and our contemporaries cause aJiena­tion?

5. Sirnon saJr E3 tl;Clt. friellc1shir' causes J)airL in "r flJ:1 D :8ock.1: Eo'.',' cloes frienr1,s::dp celuse pC:cin? C2i1 this pain C2use alienation? Is a self-imposed isolation beneficial? Exr~ain.

E;. i\re thp ;:.roro.E 0 f t11e rrop11ets \,lri t terl on tn.e subr:o.y wall."; C:~.r: d ten8:'10n t halls? '::11 at is 3irnon suggesting here?

7. Consid erine c~11 0 f 5il:1On's songs, ','fhed: are tb 8 co..uses 0 f his isolo.. tion and loneliresc:;?

8. ·,'/'r13.t is 1i1.omas sugcestin.:: about the i:r1divioll.o.l in 'iOur GU8ssing Gcune '? AGree or disc:ccrc:le.

9. ':Il'lY '.'!on' t t~le peOlJle listen to the fool in ltrI'he l?ool on the II:Ul" hy F18 Be2.t les? ',-:hy o.re tl-:.e people really the fools?

10. In all t~e no~[s we have discussed and read, the injustice of society~s played a major role. Just how does so~iety cr0ate alienation?

11. Is r.1aD L1ean t to be 2cliena ted? EXlllaj,!i.

I. Aims

To bring together ~Jl the conclusions, questions, truths 2,bol't man IS nC:;.ture cwo beh.::l.vior we hc:;.ve studied.

II. Hethocls

Discussion ~2uestions

2. Is maD living todE'.y 2$ he ought to Ii ve? Ex}?l:::':). n •

.3. '.'/hat c1 oas the future 0 f l11~n 2.p:rear to be?

4. ':!'~",at do you feel are your obliz~tions to yourself ~nd society?

5. III our studies \'TO hc.ve seeD m,:;;.n cre2te 2nd destroy order continually. Is mml meupt for chaos then? .fuy isn't man ever satisfied UiVl the system he crec.tes;

6. HOTI does the fact that TIe can bloTI ourselves off t 11e f2,c e 0 f the E~1rth a f fec t our behavior? '.~;'h at do you thillk of de2~th? ':ihy do VIe put thoughts of death off in a corner?

n ( . ';'.fhat c:m you

aliena tion'? do c,-s Or do

an individuc~l to destroy you want to be alienated?

8. ':f..'12.t aoou.t relicio-c.? Is it ir'1portcmt to you? ','Jhy or why not?

9. '.',1h2.t is the v~lue of studyinc quoE;tioDS that ho.ve no riel'lt or ':Trone cmsv:ers?

In. Has Adam's sir dOYle more eood t::'9..n ho.rm? Exr1.::l.in.

11. Assuminc '-Listory is cyclic~l, what cO:lclusions o.bout proGress o.nd c}' . .::l.nge can be drav:n frol") this o..ssumption';

..

Finelly, you must re flee tor:. 2.nrl consid.er all the

ideas ~e have stulied this ~3.st year, for it is in such

reflec tiOD U'.at yo'..1. f';st3.bli.sh your orm. b::'havior, 2~nd, most

ir,1~oort.::mtly , it is i:n sud'.. r0 nee tion th.:::. t you C:J.D understand

~'Jhy you clJ the thine;r3 2101) 60 :J.~H'1 say the thi~1Cs you SO_~T •

55