· \

I T T 0

INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER ORGANIZATION

DRAFT PROJECT DOCUMENT

Title A STRATEGY FOR THE SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT AND HARVESTING OF FOREST RESOURCES AND STRENGTHENING OF INDIGENOUS TERRITORIES IN THE COLOMBIAN AMAZON

Serial Number PD 11/93 Rev.1 (F)

Original ENGLISH

Prepared by INDERENA - PUERTO RASTROJO FOUNDATION

Submitted by GOVERNMENT OF COLOMBIA

Duration 36 MONTHS

Field of Activity REFORESTATION AND FOREST MANAGEMENT

Co-operating Governments

Executing Agency INDERENA - PUERTO RASTROJO FOUNDATION

Estimated Starting Date AUGUST 1993

Estimated Project Cost US$ 523,884

Financing Sources and Amount

- INDERENA Contribution US$ 85,241

- Puerto Rastrojo Foundation Contribution US$ 100,000

- ITTO Contribution US$ 338,643

Signed

On behalf of ITTO Date

On behalf of Government of Colombia Date

A STRATEGY FOR THE SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT AND HARVESTING OF FOREST RESOURCES AND STRENGTHERING OF INDIGENOUS TERRITORIES IN THE COLOMBI~ AMAZON

PART 1: LEGAL CONTEXT

This project is consistent with the following objectives of Article 1 of the International Tropical Timber Agreement (ITTA), 1983:

" (c)

(h)

, To promote and support research and development with a view to improving forest management and wood utilization;

To encourage the development of national policies aimed at sustainable utilization and conservation for tropical forests and their genetic resources, and at maintaining the ecological balance of the regions concerned."

The proposal is submitted in accordance with the Article 23 of the IITA, with specific reference to areas a), b) and c) paragraph 5 and criteria a), b) and e) of paragraph 6 of that article. It also complies with ITTO Guidelines for sustainable Management of Natural Tropical Forests, and contributes to achieving ITTO Target 2000.

PART 2: THE PROJECT

1. ORIGIN

Cahuinari National Park, located in the Amazon Basin of Colombia, is just over a million and a half acres in size. This area of tropical lowland rain forest is characterized by an outstanding degree of biological diversity. The park provides a home and a means of sUbsistence to members of the Bora and Mirafia native communities who live within the Park, and to the Predio Putumayo and Miri ti Par ana indigenous reservations which surround park boundaries.

Because the park is linked so closely to the economic well-being of these inhabitants and neighbouring communities, it is imperative to gain participation in the park's management in order to use and conserve the area's natural resources compatibly.

This project is part of a program that will create an Intercultural Ecological Center for Cahuinari National Park (CEICA) which will act as a bridge between the local indigenous people and the park's administrators, and other organizations working in the area. CEICA will provide the native people with the necessary technical and

1

educational tools to learn how to balance conservation of natural resources with their economic use in the context of the government's development and conservetation police and legislation, specially the new Constitution and Natural Resources Code.

The CEICA idea picks up both the expectations expressed by the indigenous people, as well as the interest of the occidental society, in finding strategies that will allow the development of the Amazon people within their cultural principles and the perpetuation of the natural environment. Through the last three years this idea has been analyzed with the chiefs and shamans of the local tribes, within the local historical context and within the general context of the institutional rights and those, forth­coming from the law for the indigenous people and the conservation of the ecosystems. ultimately, the CEICA is a response to the various needs that have been expressed by the local communities in the last years. They are aware of the need to conserve the resources around them and seek knowledge that allow them to participate in the government's decisions without sacrificing their own beliefs and cultural practices.

The center is conceived as a forum for discussions and debates, for the local inhabitants that are considered fundamental for a better understanding of the occidental world and for a greater decision role in the future of the region, and as a qualification place that will provide the local inhabitants with technical and educational tools to learn how to manage their territories.

Ultimately, the project will improve the capacity for management and decision-making among the indigenous people. It is a bottom-up approach that will involve the community in the planning compatible use, and conservation of natural resources. This will stimulate cooperation among communities to carry out further projects of an environmental nature and will also provide an on-going forum for discussion.

This is a three year project which will be carried out by the Inderena (Instituto Nacional de los Recursos Naturales Renovables y del Ambiente) the National Institute of the Natural Renevable Resources and the environment with Puerto Rastrojo Foundation (FBPR), a local Colombian non-governmental organization that has worked extensively in the Colombian Amazon with indigenous populations over the last 12 years.

- 2 -

2. PROJECT OBJECTIVES

General Objective

To increase among local communities basic knowledge and the capacity for forest management and harvest in the lower Caqueta river region, Amazonas Colombia, and to involve them in the management of the Cahuinari National Park, using the Park as a training and demostration center.

Specific Objectives

1. To provide local co-researchers with necessary skills to read, use and produce vegetation maps.

2. To provide local communities co-researchers with the necessary skills and tools to develop forest inventories.

3 . To provide local co-researchers with the necessary tools, discipline and rigour to define and develop useful research activities.

4. To empower local communities in the definition of their own proj ects and assist local co-researchers in their development.

5. To involve local co-researchers ecological and socio-cultural Cahuinari National Park.

in the def ini tion of the management plan for the

6. To stregthen the National Park as a source of information and advise~ as well as a place to get usefull skills that will benefit the inhabitants of its influence zone.

3. BACKGROUND AND JUSTIFICATION.

3.1 Perceived Problems

The penetration of western society, through short expeditions during the XVII to the XIX centuries and in a permanent way from 1850, caused great disturbances on the population (genocides), on the social organization and on the cultural identity of the indigenous people (forced migrations, acculturation, slavery), on their survival strategies (introduction of exogenous techniques and products) and on the natural environment (intensive exploitation of rubber, furs, turtles, coca and gold).

The consequent intimidation of the indigenous populations, the loss of their territories and their cultural alienation, has decreased

- 3 -

since the decade of the 70s. At present, the different tribes have recuperated some of their territorial spaces through the "resguardos" of communal ownership, which further the cause of cultural strengthening and local inhabitants empowerment.

The indigenous people try to manage their territories and developed their own initiatives in these territories but they stumble over their lack of knowledge as to the rules of the game of the Colombian state; over difficulties to express their expectations in a way that can be understood and accepted by the western society: and in modern skills that will allow them to develop their own initiatives.

On the other hand the new Colombian Constitution establishes that indian communities must govern their territories according to their uses and customs.

The territorial, legal and political space in the Colombian Amazon has never been as open and favorable to the indigenous people as it is now. The fundamental problem to the consolidation of local communities and the management of their territories is not therefore the lack of the government or the indigenous people, but the lack of knowledge and mechanisms that will allow the fulfillment of the space conquered in practice.

The Intercultural Ecological Center of Cahuinari (CEICA) tries to contribute to fill this void through a process of cultural exchange both theoretical and practical that tends towards the harmony between the expectations of the two cultural blocks in conflict and for the sustainable use and conservation of the Amazon Rain Forest.

In this context the CEICA will act as a link between the Cahuinari National Park's administrators and the local indigenous and colonists people. The Cent er will provide the natives with the necessary technical and educational tools to learn how to balance conservation of natural resources with their economic use, in light of the socio-cultural local systems, of the National new Constitution and Natural Resources Code.

Ultimately, the CEICA program will improve the capacity for management and decision making among the indigenous people as regards the planning, use, and conservation of forest resources, as well as stimulating cooperation among communities to carry out further small projects of an environmental nature, by providing an on-going forum for discussion and scientific and technical instruments, necessary for the development of these initiatives.

- 4 -

3.2 The study Region and The Cahuinari National Park

Biological Importance

Cahuinari National Park lies in the western region of the Amazon Basin. The caqueta River forms the park's northern border and the park extends into the watershed of the Putumayo River. The park is crossed by four smaller rivers, the Cahuinari, Pama, Pavemei and Bernardo and is 575.000 hectares in size.

The Cahuinari River generates a large complex of lakes, known as black waters, which are unique in the region and whose bottoms are covered by decomposing material. The park contains oxbow lakes, flooded forests, and alluvial plains which serve as prime habitat to a number of endemic fauna from upper and lower Amazonas. Among the most endangered mammals are: Jaguar (Pantera onca), Margay (Felis wieddi), Jaguarundi (Felis yagouaroundi), Pygmy marmoset (Cebuella pygmaea), bush dog (Speothos venaticus), Southern river otter (Lutra longicaudis) and the Giant otter (pteronura brasiliensis). Of the reptiles, the two most endangered species found within the park are: Giant river turtle (Podocnemis expansa) , and the Black Caiman (Melanosuchus niger) .

The area enjoys a fairly constant climate characterized by warm weather and 3.500 mm of annual rainfall. These characteristics,and the fact that the forest in this area was isolated from drastic geological events during the Pleistocene period, accounts for processes of speciation, migration and emigration of organisms which, together, have produced high diversity and endemism. While no fauna inventories are available for Cahuinari National Park, studies of the flora point out its high diversity. A three hectare sample of flooded and terra firm forests identified 1.669 species of trees and lianas.

socio-economic values

Eighty people belonging to the Bora and Mirafia native communities, dedicated to traditional practices of subsistence hunting, fishing, gathering of plants, and agriculture live on the Southern banks of the Caqueta River and inside park boundaries. Two indigenous reservations, Predio Putumayo (5.230,553 hectares) and Miriti Parana (1/162,500 hectares) are partially within the park boundaries. All together, 1500 indigenous people live in the immediate area of the park and derive part of their living from it.

The reservations are built around the birthplace of a particular tribe; they contain sacred land, and various other lands that were home to mythological heroes. According to native myths, certain creatures, like the jaguar and boa, are believed to be masters of the jungle. These masters are the caretakers of these areas and

- 5 -

control and care for the plant and animal life that exists within them to guarantee their eternal survival. These beliefs extend to domestic activities as well. certain activities have a specific master, such as the master of cultivated foods, or master of the brush.

The kingdom of the masters goes beyond the properties of physical entities and includes properties of seasonal changes, such as the hot dry period and the cold rainy period. The division between these two seasons is the equinox. The hot dry period is associated with the female world and domestic activities and the cold rainy period with the male world and hunting/fishing activities. Each season is initiated with important ritual dances and demands strict adherence to native laws of social behavior, and the use of forest materials. Subsistence activities change in keeping with the seasonal changes and also reflect strategies for the management of the natural environment.

Each community has a shaman as a leader, who maintains harmony between all of the components that provide the people with "life­energy". All decisions regarding the future of the community are guided by him. The cultural practices and beliefs of the indigenous tribes and the collaboration of the shamans, must be respected by the park management plans in order to achieve the long-term protection of the area and sustainable use of surrounding natural resources.

3.3 Background Information about INDERENA and Puerto Rastrojo Foundation activities in the region.

INDERENA is the national agency in charge of the planning and management of the 42 protected areas of the National Parks System. Since the creation of the Cahuinary National Park in 1987, INDERENA has carried out infrastructure development for control and research activities, and is currently starting a project for administrative strenghtening within the Parks in Peril Program of the US AID and The Nature Conservancy. Additionally, funds are being negotiated with the European Economic community for planning and management activities of the protected areas of the Amazon Basin, within the context of the Amazonian Cooperation Treaty.

Puerto Rastrojo Foundation developed various projects in this region. During the years 1985 to 1987 the project "Indigenous peoples participation in the development of the Amazon" was developed, supported by CIID. An evaluation and study was made with the indigenous people of the effect of penetration of the market economy on the traditional model of use and management of their territories and how these can advance towards alternative models of consolidation of their territories.

Later with the project "Cultural flowering and conservation of the lower caqueta river region" financed by the Ford Foundation, which was followed by the "Consolidation of the Amazon Region" project

- 6 -

supported by the European Economic Community, the local self -government process continued to be followed and consolidated.

The advances and results obtained during seven years of work derived in the proposal for the CEICA program.

3.4 Program Expected General Results

Improvement of the capacity of management and decision making of the indigenous people relative to planning, use, management and natural resources conservation in the study area through mutual understanding of occidental and indigenous cultures.

Specific management and conservation plans for the indigenous territories within the Cahuinari National Park.

Introduction of scientific and technological tools and information, for the consolidation of the park and surrounding areas, that will conform to the new constitutional laws, the Natural Resource code and the indigenous people's traditional land management customs.

Initiation of a permanent environmental monitoring of the region including the indigenous territories.

Identification and analysis of strategies that will satisfy the basic needs of the local populations, based on compatible use activities.

Organization and development of a permanent forum for discussions on the problems facing the National Park and the Amazon region in general, in light of the new constitutional and legal decrees.

Development of research of the natural aspects of the area, wi th the participation of indigenous and colonist researchers.

3.5 CEICA: Operative Aspects

The Intercultural Ecological Center of Cahuinari will operate in a decentralized manner in the sense that it will count with a small leading group and infrastructure, for general use. The leading group will include researchers from Puerto Rastrojo Foundation and the local INDERENA staff.

To carry out the CEICA idea it is proposed to organize an information and monitoring center, to organize a permanent forum for discussion and debate, and to develop specific research proj ects, all directed towards deepening the knowledge of the natural environment, maintaining the natural resources of the

- 7 -

Cahuinari National Park and providing scientific, technical and educational tools to local communities.

The Center will provide training to the selected individuals from each community, so that they can return to them to impart their learning, develop their own projects and begin to administer the compatible use of natural resources in their territories.

Research projects have been selected based on themes of special interest for local inhabitants which will also imply the use of scientific and technical tools, necessary for the development of small projects by the local communities.

The CEICA program was divided into four modules with a six month organization phase.

MODULE 1: INFORMATION AND MONITORING CENTER. Duration 3 years

MODULE 2: FOREST MANAGEMENT AND HARVEST. Duration 3 years

MODULE 3: HYDROBIOLOGICAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT. Duration 3 years

MODULE 4: SUSTAINABLE HUNTING. Duration 3 years

Funding for the formulation and organization phase of CEICA project as well as for the construction and establishment of the information and monitoring center has already been obtained with the Ford Foundation, while funds are being negotiated for modules 3 and 4 with The Nature Conservancy and AID.

The information and monitoring center will be one small component of the entire Inter-Cultural Center' s objectives. Specifically, it will be the focal point for all research and information dissemination activities.

Studies and research will be monitored from this center, on the sustainable use of some natural resources, on management plans for Indian Reserves, on the reconstruction of historical and traditional territories maps, on the definition of traditional -modern rules for environment utilization, on the production of education materials for the local schools.

These different research projects, initially proposed, will be concentrated around environment themes, given that the principal experience of INDERENA and Puerto Rastrojo Foundation has developed along this field and that environment management is, together with territory and culture strengthening, the main issue currently being addressed by local communities.

It is proposed that different indians and colonist co-researchers participate in the CEICA activities for three years. The co­researchers will be selected by their communities. A specific

- 8 -

project will be defined by them to develop at their home place, when the co-researcher comes back. In order to combine training and application of acquired skills, each co-researcher will rotate on a four months basis, between CEICA and his community. On a yearly basis co-researchers can chose to remain in the specific CEICA project where they first participated or to join another CEICA project of their interest. .

Local co-researchers will also visit and be temporarily involved in different research programs being carried out in the influence area of the program where specific know-how and infrastructure is avalaible, so as to obtain specific training in working methodologies.

Other leaders, shamans and local actors, will be invited to the workshops to permanently discuss the advances and focus of the projects.

Additionally, the results of the work and research done in CEICA's projects will be placed regularly at the disposal of the indigenous territorial authorities (Indigenous Council) so that they can be incorporated into the strategies and mechanisms for their consolidation, according to the new constitutional rules and the natural resources code now in effect.

4. RESULTS

Specific Objective 1.

Results:

1. Training in sateli te imagery photo interpretation and elaboration of preliminary vegetation and physiographic units maps of the Cahuinari National Park and selected areas of indigenous reserves.

2. Training in the identification of priority samples areas and field work strategies to improve preliminary vegetation maps.

3. Training in the evaluation of preliminary vegetation maps based on ground truth information obtained through field sampling activities (forest inventories).

4. Training in the production of final vegetation maps explanatory reports for the Cahuinari National Park selected study areas.

Specific objective 2.

- 9 -

and and

Results:

1. Methodologies, discusions and definition of vegetation units structure and species composition in selected areas.

2. Training in the elaboration of species distribution maps.

3. Training in the identification of physiography and soil characteristics.

vegetation units

4. Training in data processing methodologies and the botanic identification of plant specimens (Western taxonomy, Indigenous taxonomy).

5. Development of preliminary examples of forest management and harvest plans for specific areas of the study region.

Specific Objective 3.

Results:

1. Thematic workshops as a methodology to analyse in an interdiciplinary and intercultural approach, local problems around forest resources management and harvest; report production on identified strategies.

2. Report on guidelines and methodologies to traduce specific problems into solutions, based on community research proposals and development programms.

3. Development of the awareness that forest management and harvest programms require basic information gathered over long periods, were discipline and rigour is essential; analysis of specific research programms.

4. Discusions on strategies to carry out specific research and applied projects defined by local communities.

Specific Objective 4.

Results:

1. Semestral reports on the evaluation of community projects.

2. Report on guidelines for community projects development, based on obtained experience.

3. Report on the general evaluation of CEICAS' activities and

- 10 -

eventual modifications for its future development.

Specific Objective 5.

Results: Definition of a Management Plan for the Cahuinari National Park based on:

1. Methodologies evaluation to obtain and produce the landscape and socio-cultural maps for the Cahuinari National Park.

2. Discusion and definition of a general management plan for the Cahuinari National Park and surrounding indigenous territories.

3. Commented list of useful species and forest products based on Western and Indian knowledge and mapping of their distribution areas.

4. Discusion document on legal aspects where National Parks overlap with Indian Reservations.

Specific Objective 6.

Results:

1. Strenghtening of Cahuinari and demonstration center, community partipation and areas in the Amazon region.

National Park as a pilot training that will provide a model of

development for other protected

2. Recognition of the importance of the National Park by local communities.

5. PROJECT ACTIVITIES.

Specific objective 1.

1.1 Review and photointerpretation of satellite imagery and aerial photographs and elaboration of preliminary vegetation and physiography maps of the Cahuinari Park and indigenous territories.

1.2 Localization of sampling areas for the description of pre­defined vegetation units.

1.3 Production of maps on vegetation units and landscape units.

- 11 -

Discussions on criteria used for this purpose.

1.4 Production of final maps distribution maps, etc).

Specific Objective 2.

(vegetation cover, species

2.1 Field work development and information gathering on vegetation structure, species composition, vegetation units, geomorphology and soils characteristics in order to obtain ground truth information for maps corrections.

2.2 Processing (including forest inventories, data processing and plant specimens taxonomic identification both from the western and Indian point of view) and mapping of obtained information.

2.3 Identification of useful species (both from Western and Indian point of view) and analysis of distribution patterns.

Specific Objective 3.

3.1 Workshops with local authorities (indigenous leaders, shamans and ethnic chiefs), co-researchers, the leading group and addi tional local actors, to discuss the advances, focus, alternatives and products of this project.

3.2 Definition and structuring of community based research programs.

3.3 Daily gathering of climatology data (rain, relative humidity and temperature) and river level information.

Specific Objective 4.

4.1 Semestral workshops for the review, discussion and evaluation of community projects, together with co-researchers and other community members. Permanent assistance in the development of these initiatives.

Specific Objective 5.

5.1 Joint research on the socio-cultural importance of the area common to the Indian Reserves and the Cahuinari National Park in order to survey specific features, to fix geographic limits, gather traditional accounts and establish a management action plan.

- 12 -

5.2 Integration of above-mentioned information in a general landscape units and socio-cultural map, as the basis for a management plan.

5.3 Definition together with INDERENA and local communities of management strategies for the Cahuinari National Park.

Specific Objective 6.

6.1. Operation of an information center.

6.2. Operation of a meeting and discussion center.

6.3 Development of training activities and workshops.

- 13 -

6 • WORKPLAN.

M 0 NTH S ACTIVITIES

3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36

1. Review and photo interpretation of satelite imageny and aerial photograhs and preliminary vegetation and physiography maps. f-

2. Localization of sampling areas for the description of pre-defined vegetation, units together with co-researches. --3. Field work development and information gathering.

4. Processing and mapping of obtained information. - ~ - .. -5. Daily gathering of climatology and river level information. -~ . ...

6. Production of preliminary maps on

• vegetation formations and landscape units. Discussions on criteria used for this purpose and criteria used by local inhabitants. -..

7. Production of final maps.

8. Continuation of joint research on the socio-cultural importance of the area common to the Indian Reserves and the Cahuinari national Park.

9. Integration of above mentionned .;

information in a general landscape units and socio-cultural map and production of management plan

10. Workshops with local authorities, co-researches, the leading group and additional local actors, to discuss the advances, focus and products of the project. --- - - - -11. Review, discussion and specific goals and activities evaluation of community projects, together with co-researches and permanent assistance in the development of these iniciatives. - - -- -- -

14

7. ADMINISTRATIVE AND DEVEPOLMENT SCHEME.

COORDINATION COMMITTE FBPR, INDERENA,ITTO

I General Coordinator I

I External Consultants I l

Research Community Workshops I Activities Training

RESULTS:

- Forest areas management and harvest plans. - Indigenous areas management plans. - Cahuinari National Park Management Plan.

15

7.1. ADMINISTRATIVE SCHEME

The present project will be carried out by INDERENA and Puerto Rastrojo Foundation which will name a project director in agreement with ITTO.

A coordination Committee will be created with one representative of Puerto Rastrojo Foundation, one representative of ITTO one representative of INDERENA and the project coordinator.

There will be open the possibility to create a consultative committe to support the project.

7.2. FUTURE OPERATION AND MAINTAINING OF THE PROJECT

The project equipment will be kept in the Park in charge of INDERENA.

After the implementation of the project further training and demonstration activities will be in carried out by INDERENA and the indigenous communities which have been benefiated by the project, with support of Puerto Rastrojo Foundation.

8. OBLIGATIONS AND PREVIOUS REQUIREMENTS.

Currently, the conditions required to start the project are given, in particular the following: infrastructure and basic equipment acquired with national and Parks in Peril funds; base line information about the Park; agreement with local communities for the development of the project; previous agreements and projects between INDERENA and Puerto Rastroj 0 Foundation in the area; funding of a 6 month formulation and organization phase of CEICA and of the information and monitoring center.

16

PART Ill. CONTROLS, REPORTS AND EVALUATION.

1. PROJECT EXECUTION

The present project will be carried out by INDERENA and Puerto Rastrojo Foundation which will name a project director in agreement with ITTO.

A coordination Committee will be created with one representative of Puerto Rastrojo Foundation, one representative of ITTO one representative of INDERENA and the project coordinator.

There will be open the possibility to create a consultative committe to support the project.

2. PROJECT MONITORING

The project is subject to technical monitoring by ITTO.

Evaluation

The project will be evaluated according to ITTO policies at least at an annual level.

Reports

Puerto Rastrojo will send reports on projects advance every year.

The final report will be submitted to ITTO for its review and commentaries and afterwards published so to spread projects results widely ( local communities, governmental institutions, international institutions and agencies, etc.)

17

PART IV. PROJECT BUDGET

1. DETAILED BUDGET (FUNDS REQUESTED FROM ITTO) (US DOLLARS)

YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3

ITEM TIME/ UNIT COST TOTAL TIME/ UNIT COST TOTAL TIME/ UNIT COST TOTAL TOTAL QUANTITY COST QUANTITY COST QUANTITY COST I

(Months) (Months) (Months)

1. PERSONNEL

General Coordinator 6 1. 700 10.200 6 1.800 10.800 6 1.900 11.400 32.400 Consultants * 10 1.500 15.000 10 1.575 15.750 10 1.650 16.500 47.250 Forestry engineer 12 1.330 15.960 12 1.400 16.800 12 1.470 17.640 50.400 Biologist/anthropologist 12 950 11.400 12 1.000 12.000 12 1.050 12.600 36.000 Photointerpreter 12 1.400 16.800 - - - - - - 16.800 Principal indigenous co- 24 380 9.120 24 400 9.600 24 420 10.080 28.800 researchers Indigenous researches 24 237 5.690 24 250 6.000 24 263 6.312 18.002 2 Field helpers 24 237 5.690 24 250 6.000 24 263 6.312 18.002

SUBTOTAL 89.860 76.950 80.844 247.654

2. EQUIPMENT

9.9 HP motor 2 2.000 4.000 4.000 Camera 1 500 500 500 Canoe 2 250 500 500 Dendrological equipment 2 800 1.600 1.600 Handprunners 6 100 600 600 Portable computer 1 2.000 2.000 Software 2.000 2.000

SUBTOTAL 11.200 11. 200

3. LOCAL TRANSPORTATION**

Airtickets 12 200 2.400 10 210 2.100 10 221 2.210 6.710 Air freight 1 ton 200 200 1 ton 210 210 1 ton 220 220 630 Fuel 350 g1s 3 1.050 350 g1s 3.2 1.120 350 gls 3.3 1.155 3.325 ,

SUBTOTAL 3.650 3.430 3.585 10.665

4. WORKSHOPS *** 2 3.000 6.000 2 3.150 6.300 2 3.300 6.600 18.900

;;L~

------------

YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3

5. OFFICE AND FIELD MATERIALS

Stationary and office L.S 500 500 500 500 500 500 1.500 equipment Field work equipment 700 700 700 700 700 700 2.100 Bibliography 500 500 500 500 500 500 1. 500 Photocopies 500 500 500 500 500 500 1.500 Maintenance 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 3.000

SUBTOTAL 3.200 3.200 3.200 9.600

6. ADMINISTRATION AND SECRETARIAT

National administr~tion 3.847 1.637 2.014 7.498 ITTO Monitoring & Evaluatio 5.600 5.600 5.800 17.000 ITTO administration (5%) 6.168 4.856 5.102 16.126

SUBTOTAL 15.615 12.093 12.916 40.624

TOTAL 129.525 101.973 107.145 338.643

* CONSULTANTS: Different specialists in different thematics will be hired to strenghen training and research programms. (Workshops planning, educational materials design, botanists, carthographers, etc).

** LOCAL TRANSPORTATION: Under this heading air tickets from Bogota to Araracuara and back, for the leading team personnel, are considered. The photo interpreter will remain in the project area for a year. Other non local researchers will come back to Bogota every six months. The coordinator'will travel there and back four times throughout the project. Three consultants are expected to travel to the study region every year. This totals 32 air tickets. The fuel here included is necessary to travel along the Caqueta river, from Araracuara to Cahuinari (300 km) and back, and along the Cahuinari river, its affluents and the Miriti river. Air freight includes transportation from Bogota to the study area of equipment, fieldwork fungibles and food item~.

*** WORKSHOPS: Under this heading all costs to prepare, execute and produce workshop reports are included, so as working materials, food supply, transportation costs of invited people, etc.

'19

2. GLOBAL FUNDS REQUESTED FROM ITTO (US DOLLARS)

ITEM TOTAL

l. Personnel 247.654

2. Equipment 11.200

3. Local Transportation 10.665

4. Workshops 18.900

5. Office and field 9.600 materials

6. Administration and 40.624 secretar:j.al

- ITTO administration (5%) - National administration - 1TTO Monitoring and Evaluation

TOTAL 338.643

20

3. GLOBAL FINANCIAL BALANCE DISTRIBUTED BY YEARS (US)

FINANCIAL SOURCES

INDERENA P.R.F. ITTO

YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 1 YEAR ! YEAR 2 I

YE~ 3 I

11.504 14.973 18.764 100.000 129.525 101.973 107.145 Management and harvesting forest

23.644* resources 16.356*

35.148 31.329 18.764 100.000 129.525 101.973 107.145 TOTAL

GRAN TOTAL 85.241 100.000 338.643

P.R.F.: Puerto Rastrojo Foundation

* INDERENA PARKS IN PERIL

21

ANN E X

INFORMATION ABOUT THE PUERTO: RASTRO;rOJ?OU'NDAT"IGN

Puerto Rastrojo Foundation is a non-governmental non-profit organization, constitued by researchers working in the Amazon area of Colombia uninterruptedly since 1975.

Date of establishment:

February 1982 by the Ministry of Education

Volume of annual budget: US $220.000 (1992)

Staff Profile:

General Director: In charge of the development and management of the Foundation. Directly responsible to the Directors Board. Helga Dworschak.

Field Research Director adequate development of all Patricio von Hildebrand.

In charge of the Coordination and research activities in the Field.

Program Officers In charge of the development of specific programs (office and field work). Currently 4 Biologists, 1 Sociologist, 1 Anthropologist. (3 women, 3 men)

Researchers : Responsible for the development of specific research activi ties in the field. Currently 9 Biologists, 1 Anthropologist, 1 Sociologist, 3 Geographers. (8 women, 6 men).

Research Assistants: Assistants to researchers in their specific activities. Number varies according to work necessities. Currently 12 Amazonian Indians highly skilled.

Permanent Consultants: Acting as consultants for specific Programs. Currently a Regional Planner, an anthropologist, a Botanist and Zoologist.

Other researchers, project officer, consultants and research assistants are contracted according to specific needs.

General Secretary Foundation.

In Charge of all administrative aspects of the

Secretary: Acts as receptionist, typist and assists the General Secretary.

Office helper: Miscellany

Accountant Foundation.

. . In charge of

SIZE AND NATURE OF MEMBERSHIP

3 Foundation Founders

all accounting

2 Foundation Member (Elected by Founders) Members constitute General Assembly Of these 3 constitute Executive Board

aspects in the

Members and Founders are chosen according to interest in and furtherance of the quality and seriousness of Foundations' Research Activities.

Puerto Rastrojo Foundation has preferred a small but effective and agile member group.

Objectives and activities of the organization:

The purpose of the Foundation is to find and promote alternative methods for the use and management of threatened ecosystems in such a way that social needs are satisfied while preserving the biological diversity and natural exuberance.

Within this general purpose the Foundation has oriented its activities towards research, the protection of natural resources and the improvement of social welfare through the sustainable utilization of the environment.

In the last 10 years Puerto Rastrojo Foundation has developed the following projects:

Comparative studies on the regeneration of tropical rainforest in natural gaps and swidden agriculture opened areas: Structure, diversity and dynamics of secondary growth forest; productivity and decomposition of litter; soil characteristics and evolution; hydrological balances; fruit and seed dispersal. 1980-1985.

Indian Participation in Amazonia development : Basic elements to develop a local and autonomous economic model; local impact and effects on indigenous communi ties; seasonal and spatial use of natural resources; hunting and fishing techniques; evaluation of

23

swidden cultivation; cultural background of natural resources management. 1984-1987.

Conservation and management of the Giant River Turtle (Podocnemis expansa) on the Caqueta River, Amazonas, Colombia: Reproductive biology, nesting beaches, demography; artificial and natural incubation, embryological development, feeding habits, migration routes; indigenous traditional knowledge; socio-cul tural importance of the turtle; ethnohistory of turtle exploitation; main habitats (rio Cahuinari); basic management plan for the turtle. (INDERENA, indigenous communities, FBPR). 1983 to date.

Structuring of Ecological information on the Colombian Amazon region with emphasis in the Caqueta area: The study of natural and man made disturbances and its significance to the dynamics management of the rainforest; the importance of the concept of patchy environments for sound ecological management, plans in the Amazon. Indigenous territories use and management of natural resources and the consolidation of indian resguardos. 1987-1988.

Conservation, sustainable development and cultural flourishment in the lower Caqueta area of the Colombian Amazon Active participation of indigenous people in all research programs; indigenous participation in reports and documents necessary to declare new indian resguardos (territories); local discussions and joint activities around following issues: the existence of indigenous resguardos, management strategies, health problems and possible solutions, education problems and possible alternative solutions, the conservation and management of natural resources; alternative economic alternatives for indigenous communities. Local indigenous projects to strengthen autonomy and consolidation of communities. 1988 to date.

Importance of flooded vegetation for fish populations in the Colombian Amazon: Description, productivity, and alimentary products of forest. Feeding and reproducti ve habits of fish species. Primary productivity, in aquatic ecosystems of the Amazon. Management strategy for flooded forests and fish populations with local inhabitants participation. 1988 - 1990.

Ecological description and management plan for the Cahuinari National Park, Amazon, Colombia : Geographical description of the park. Description of main vegetation units. Identification and description of main lakes. Cultural zonification of the national park by ethnic groups. Definition of the pilot management plan for the park (INDERENA, indigenous communities, FBPR). 1990 to date.

WHAT HAS BEEN ACHIEVED BY PUERTO RASTROJO FOUNDATION

Scientific Understanding

Studies on the regeneration process of the forest in areas submi tted to slash and burn agriculture (Resguardo de Miri ti ) .

Studies on the utilization of the forest by the Indian communities (Resguardo de Miriti).

Studies on the cosmology of the different indigenous communities and their social organization.

Impact of market economy on the indigenous model of use of the Tropical Rainforest.

Mapping and ground truth (vegetation, topography, soils and floodability) of main ecological units of the Cahuinari national Park.

Relations between locally consumed fish population and the flooded forest.

Reproductive biology of the giant river turtle (Podocnemis expansa) .

Cultural, social and economical importance of the giant river turtle for local populations.

Land and protected areas management

General management plan for the Cahuinari National Park.

Strengthening and management (Yaigoje, Miriti, Cordoba, photography interpretation participation in ground truth

basis of Indian Resguardos Comeyafu) through aerial and Indian communities

surveys.

Zonification of Resguardos into parcialidades (smaller, terri torial uni ts ) under specific Indian communi ties responsibility and definition of natural resources management based on cultural norms and official colombian laws.

CuI tural zonification cultural, historical territories.

of the Cahuinari National Park and maps of different indian tribes'

Promotion of small management projects defined and developed by indian communities.

Conservation based development :

Rescue and application of traditional agricultural practices among the Matapi Indian tribe.

Organization and development of rubber taping activities by Yucuna, Matapi, Tanimuca and Letuama Indian tribes.

Management of giant river turtle population with the participation of local communities.

Communication

Results of research activities have been broadly difused in the area, explained to local inhabitants and discussed with them.

Issues on legal aspects, indian rights, pressure and destructive impacts of the Tropical Rainforest, ecological importance of specific faunal and flora elements, have also been thouraighly discussed with local inhabitants.

Indian tribes concepts and approaches to the environment have been gathered and discussed with local inhabitants within a wider scenario.

Through these activities public awareness has been generated and has been fundamental in gaining local inhabitants participation in all our other activities.

Policy :

Results of our research have been instrumental for the creation of Indian resguardos and the National Parks in the study area.

Furthermore this has allowed us to participate in the definition of laws peartaining to fisheries in the area and to participate in the definition of environmental aspects in the new Constitution of Colombia.

OTHER IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION :

Puerto Rastrojo Foundation includes a specific component for Personnel Formation in all its Programs and Project. In this way over 40 Graduate Professionals (3 Sociologist, 6 Anthropologist, 3 Soil Scientists, 2 Geographers, 3 Social Workers, 6 Botanists, 5 Zoologists, 2 Climatologists, 3 Economists, 5 General Biologists, 2 Ecologists, etc •.. ) have been trained through our proj ects. Many of them currently work for governmental institutions, for impact assessment companies or act as International Consultants in the area of Natural Science. Special emphasis is given to women and at indigenous people to acti vely participate in all research and decision making levels.

Furthermore the Foundations' Directors have directed over 12 graduate thesis, developed within the Foundation for Universities such as Universidad Nacional, Universidad de los Andes, Universidad Javeriana. Through different projects 5 scientists have developed their masters or doctoral thesis for Universities such as Tubingen Universitat, Germany; University of Amsterdam (Holland) and New York State University (In Process).

Finally it might be of interest to mention that Puerto Rastrojo Foundation permanently interacts and has established specific agreements to complement efforts with the following institutions.

FUNDACION NATURA:

CECOIN:

ETNOLLANO:

FDTA:

FUNDEPUBLICOS:

INDERENA:

Agreement to carry out "Parks in Peril" Programm in the Cahuinary National Park

Centro de Cooperaci6n al Indigena (NGO)

NGO Working for over 10 years in education and health issues with Indian Communities in the Amazon and Orinoco Regions.

Fundaci6n para el Desarrollo de Tecnologias Apropiadas. NGO working on developing apropiate instruments and work technics both for scientists, National Parks employees and fieldworkers in general as well as for local communities in the Andean and Amazon Regions.

NGO addressing legal environmental management actions (Class Action).

issues through

related popular

National Institute for Natural Resources (GO).

DIVISION DE ASUNTOS INDIGENAS: Indian Affairs National Secretariat (GO)

AWARDS

Puerto Rastrojo Foundation and its members have received the following awards

Guggenheim award 1980

Colombian National award in Ecology : 1st Prize 1990 Alton Jones Foundation award for biogeography studies 1990 Order of the Green Cross-Santiago de Cali 1991.

28

~

t I

I -. , tn.".,t-J'>' --. ... ) .J . .. . .

"

~. TSlKA'AMfNA INfJ+

.~~:'+.!:J

\ \.

-....:;:::::::-......::....--::--.-.: -=- -. -, , •. , .. u ,. " .•. j .. s.;;~~· ,: ... " ~ :.:.,

LA TIER.RA DE LOS ANTIGUOS

-..... .........

MA fA H"tsT6 Klco 1 CULTU~L TtL If-Rl\jTo1\io Tf\A ~:)lC.l()NAL r\"IR.ANA ~ 13oR.-A-

(.>

CLAV€S P£L MAfA

• GC:NTE. I. (CLAN ~,) ••• 'j) CLAN riW-lC IPAL .

...:- CA f' lTAI'l lA 'A sl'no SA6RA"PO

(TlfNL DU£~O ESfIRjTUAL) CAMINO. YAR.AD€RO

Mapa N 6. Mapa historico- cultural de 105 territorios tradicionales Bora-Mirana (Fuente:Bermudez,1991)

~~

H ~I

i; ~:. eJ