i. the evolution of bacteria © i.methicillian- resistant staphylococcus aureus the evolution of...
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I. Methicillian-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
THE EVOLUTION OF BACTERIA©
Increase In Community-Associated Staph Infections Involving Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
02 Jun 2007
'Superbugs' Could 'Dwarf' AIDS, FluCHICAGO and NEW YORK, June 22, 2006
(CBS) Public health officials are becoming increasingly alarmed by the growing number of illnesses caused by antibiotic-resistant staph bacteria.
Drug Resistant Staph Bacteria a Global ProblemWednesday, June 21, 2006
Sunday, Jun 18, 2006
Surviving the New Killer BugA nasty, drug-resistant staph infection--the kind usually seen in hospitals--is racing across the U.S.By CHRISTINE GORMAN
MSNBC.com
Drug-resistant germs on the rise, doctors warn Study: More Americans acquiring hard-to treat staph infections The Associated PressUpdated: 1:59 p.m. ET April 8, 2005
'Superbugs' spread fear far and wide
Drug-resistant staph infections no longer threaten just hospital patients,
for reasons unknown, they're striking even healthy children and adults
Staph infections spreading across the United States as key antibiotic loses punchPosted: Wednesday, Jun 21, 2006 - 03:04:36 pm CDT
ASM: Resistant Staph Bacteria Survive on Bed Linen for Days, Keyboards for WeeksBy Katrina Woznicki , MedPage Today Staff WriterReviewed by Robert Jasmer, MD; Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
Source News Article: CNN, MSNBC, Yahoo! News
HICPAC/SHEA Guidelines Debate
New Research Estimates MRSA Infections Cost U.S. Hospitals $3.2 Billion to $4.2 Billion AnnuallyPosted on: 05/16/2005
National Prevalence Study of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in U.S. Healthcare FacilitiesJune 25, 2007, 12:01 am EDT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In October and November 2006, the Association for Professionals in Infection and Epidemiology (APIC) conducted a national MRSA
prevalence study. … Data show that 46 out of every 1,000 patients in the study were either infected or colonized with
MRSA. This rate is between 8 and 11 times greater than previous MRSA estimates. Source: Association for Professionals in Infection and Epidemiology (APIC)
II. MRSA ENTERS THE COMMUNITY
STAPH
MRSA
CA-MRSA
(Staphylococcus aureus) In existence for as long as we know, very
common and normally harmless. Approx. 35% of population are carriers
(Methicillian-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) Also called Hospital Acquired (HA-MRSA). Traditionally confined to healthcare settings, first
identified in the 1960’s. Requires use of “last resort” antibiotics.
(Community Acquired - Methicillian-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus) Identified in late 1990’s. No healthcare exposure necessary. Infects normally
healthy people. Penetrates skin through open wounds and abrasions. Evolving rapidly. Produces deadly toxin (panton-Valentine leukocidin) in bones, joints,
bloodstream and major organs. Current est. up to 52 million carriers - today.
Often the symptoms are initially described as “spider
bites”. Red bumps on the skin or red, dry, chapped skin.
Left untreated, these infections soon become far more severe, invading the
body’s organs and bloodstream. At this point,
these infections are life threatening.
Following photos are very graphic
CA-MRSA can develop into pneumonia, “flesh eating” bacteria, cause blood toxicity, septic shock
and eventually organ failure.
MRSA has developed a resistance to the most common antibiotics, such as;
Penicillin
Keflex
Cephalexin
Late 1990’s, MRSA infections were identified in non-healthcare environments, such as:
Schools
Correctional facilities
Athletic teams
Health and fitness clubs
Military housing
Other areas of close quartering
APIC estimates that currently up to 5% of the population carries MRSA in their noses –
POSSIBLY AS MANY AS 52 MILLION PEOPLE WORDWIDE
Source: APIC (Association for Professionals in Infection and Epidemiology)
MRSA spreads in the community through:
Skin-to-skin contact
Cuts and open wounds
Abraded or chaffed skin
Exacerbated by:
Poor hygiene
Overcrowded living conditions
Communal or shared items
Main risk factors: Age
Living Conditions
Weakened Immune System
Activities (ie. contact sports, frequent skin abrasions, exposure to bodily fluids, …)
Sharing personal items (ie. Towels, uniforms, clothing, athletic gear, razors, …)
Contact with healthcare workers
Recent hospitalization
Use of certain antibiotics
III. WHAT IS NEXT?
Avian (bird) flu
SARS
Clostridium difficile (C. Diff.)
E. Coli
Hepatitis A & B
HIV
Herpes
Salmonella
Parvo virus
The next pandemic?
IV. PROACTIVE APPROACH
“Best offense is a good defense”
Where do you need protection?Wherever MRSA thrives!
•HANDS & SKIN
• BED LINENS, COMFORTERS, BLANKETS &
PADDING
•SHOWERS, LOCKER ROOMS, EXERCISE
& THERAPY EQUIPMENT
• UNIFORMS & TOWELS
• CAFETERIA, COMPUTER
ROOM, CLASSROOM …
How do we stop cross-contamination and infection from bacteria, viruses, spores, fungus …?
CLEAN
SANITIZE Hands and skin with residual sanitizer
Hard surfaces treated with active anti-microbial
Washable textiles with residual, self-sanitizing finish
Wash hands
Wash environmental contact surfaces
Wash clothing, linens, towels, uniforms, equipment…
At the source - we prevent the spread!
HANDS & SKIN
FDA Approved
Alcohol-free
Non- flammable
No water or towels required
Non-sticky and won’t dry out skin
Does not remove protective body oils
Greaseless, no-drip FOAM
Residual anti-microbial activity
Efficacy increases with use
Benzalkonium Chloride-based products exhibit increased efficacy with use. Ethyl Alcohol-based products decline in performance!
Ethyl Alcohol-based products fall below FDA Minimum Standards within 3 - 4 uses!
SURFACESSureClean™ Hard
Surface Disinfectant and Sanitizer EPA Registered
Disinfectant, Sanitizer, Mildewstat, Fungicide
Kills 99.9%, or more of infectious bacteria
Broad spectrum (HIV, VRE, MRSA, HBV, HCV, Herpes (Type 1 & 2), Strep, Avian Influenza A)
No rinsing required
Convenient, Ready-to-use spray
Non-acid formulation contains no bleach, phenolics or phosphates
Effective in hard water (up to 400 ppm)
CLOTHING, BED LINENS, UNIFORMS, TOWELS, …
BacStop™
Fabric Sanitizer & Bacteriostat
EPA Registered
Liquid fabric sanitizer and mildewcide
Self-sanitizing finish (continually kills minimum of 99.9% of newly acquired bacteria)
Continues working after textiles are laundered (creates a Zone of Inhibition)
Eliminates odors due to bacterial growth
Easy to use, final rinse treatment
Infectious Bacteria
Zone of Inhibition
Treated Fabric
Textiles treated with BacStop™ retain a self-sanitizing condition, creating a Zone of Inhibition around the surface area of the textile. Bacteria do not replicate on the surface – and therefore die.
Program for Infection Control
Pro-Tex™ Foaming Hand & Skin Sanitizer
SureClean™ Hard Surface Disinfectant and SanitizerBacStop™
Fabric Sanitizer & Bacteriostat
DeScent™ Concentrated odor neutralizer
An once of prevention