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I. xelSekrulebis miznis Secvla (uari, gasvla), rogorc moTxovnis Sewyvetis safuZveli.

1. xelSekrulebidan gasvla (uari) da xelSekrulebis moSla (Sewyveta). maTi urTierTmimarTeba.

1.1.Ogasvlisa da moSlis samarTlebrivi Sedegebi.

samoqalaqo brunvis stabiluroba da marTlwesrigi uTuod

gulisxmobs umTavresi principis _ valdebulebis Sesrulebaze

calmxrivad uaris Tqmis dauSvebloba da valdebulebis realuri

Sesruleba _ ganuxrel dacvas.

movalis mier valdebulebis Sesruleba saxeze iqneba maSin,

rodesac igi zedmiwevniT zustad Seasrulebs xelSekrulebiT

gaTvaliswinebul valdebulebas, ise rogorc es kreditorTan

SeTanxmebiT iyo gaTvaliswinebuli: daTqmul dros, daTqmul adgilas,

srulad da jerovnad.1

magram am principis dacva yovelTvis ar aris SesaZlebeli da amis

mizezi SeiZleba sxvadasxva iyos (obieqturi, an subieqturi) 2 . aseT

SemTxvevaSi samoqalaqo kodeqsis normebi SesaZleblobas aZlevs

monawiles uari Tqvas (gavides xelSekrulebidan), an

SewyvitosM(moSalos) xelSekruleba. is samarTlebrivi Sedegebi,

romelic SeiZleba moyves xelSekrulebidan gasvlas, uars an Sewyvetas,

gansxvavebulia.

iuridiul mecnierebaSi damkvidrebuli mosazrebis mixedviT

xelSekrulebaze uari (gasvla) da xelSekrulebis moSla (Sewyveta)

erTmaneTisagan sxvadasxva samarTlebrivi SedegebiT gansxvavdebian. uaris

SemTxvevaSi ormxriv restutuciasTan 3 gvaqvs saqme, xolo moSlis

(Sewyvetis) SemTxvevaSi, mxolod momavali droisaTvis wydeba mxareTa

Soris arsebuli samarTlebrivi urTierToba. 4 Tumca, samoqalaqo

1 ix.sk-is 361-e muxlis meore nawili 2 Oobieqturia garemoeba, roca monawileebi miuxedavad imisa, rom ar arRveven xelSekrulebis p irobebs, iZu lebulni

xdeb ian Seqmnili ob ieqturi v iTarebis gamo uari Tqvan xelSekrulebaze .amasTan dakavSirebiT ixileT sk-is 398-e da

399-e muxlebi. subieqturia garemoeba, rodesac monawile ama Tu im mizeziT ar asrulebs xelSekrulebas srulad, an

saerTod ar asrulebs an asrulebs dagvianebiT da a.S. 3 restitucio –laT. aRdgena _ garigebis dadebamde arsebuli samarTlebrivi mdgomareobis aRdgena. 4 ix.l.Wanturia, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni mesame, gamomcemloba `samarTali~,2001

weli, gv.233.

kodeqsis normebis analizi am Sedegebis identificirebis saSualebas

yovelTvis ar iZleva. zogierT SemTxvevaSi, uarisa da moSlis Sedegebi

erTmaneTs emTxveva, an kidev adgili aqvs terminebis da maTi Sinaarsis

aRrevas.

Aase magaliTad, Oormxrivi restitucia, rogorc xelSekrulebaze

uaris samarTlebrivi Sedegi, gansazRvrulia:

sk-is 352-e da Semdgomi muxlebiT (saxelSekrulebo valdebulebaTa daRvevis gamo xelSekrulebidan gasvla);

sk-is 486-e muxliT (roca gayiduli sagnis nawil-nawil miwodebisas miwodebis mxolod erTi valdebulebis Seusruleblobis gamo iqmneba imis saSiSroeba, rom momavali valdebulebebic ar Sesruldeba);

sk-is 491-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT (myidvelis ufleba nivTis naklis gamo `moSalos~5 xelSekruleba);

sk-is 399-e muxlis meoTxe nawiliT (uari grZelvadian urTierTobaze);

sk-is 508-e muxliT (Tu gamyidveli itovebs uflebas, uari Tqvas xelSekrulebaze im SemTxvevisaTvis, roca myidveli ar asrulebs dakisrebul valdebulebebs);

sk-is 541-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT (Tu daqiravebuli nivTi mTlianad an nawilobriv gadaecema damqiravebels dagvianebiT, an Tu SemdgomSi mas waerTva sargeblobis ufleba);

sk-is 644-e muxli (nakeTobis naklis gamo SemkveTis uari xelSekrulebaze)

amasTan, calkeuli saxis urTierTobebSi, xelSekrulebaze uaris

samarTlebrivi Sedegi ukavSirdeba momavali droisaTvis urTierTobis

Sewyvetas. Sesabamisad, adgili aqvs ara ormxriv restutucias, aramed

5 am normis mixedviT Tu vimsjelebT xelSekrulebis moSlis SemTxvevebia: uaric, gasvlac da Sewyvetac!

mxareebs an saerTod ar ubrundebaT ukve ganxorcielebuli Sesruleba,

an ubrundebaT misi nawili:

sk-is 636-e muxli _ SemkveTi uflebamosilia samuSaos dasrulebamde nebismier dros Tqvas uari xelSekrulebaze, magram man unda aunazRauros menardes Sesrulebuli samuSao da xelSekrulebis moSliT miyenebuli ziani.

sk-is 665-e muxli _ turists mogzaurobis dawyebamde nebismier dros SeuZlia uari Tqvas xelSekrulebaze, magram man mogzaurobis momwyobis moTxovnis safuZvelze unda aanazRauros is Tanxa, romelsac es ukanaskneli miiRebda Tavisi momsaxureebis sxvagvarad gamoyenebiT.

sk-is 808-e, 809-e muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebulia mzRvevelis ufleba damzRvevis mier araswori informaciis miwodebis SemTxvevaSi uari Tqvas xelSekrulebaze, magram damzRvevs ar ubrundeba mis mier ganxorcielebuli Sesruleba.

igive samarTlebrivi Sedegi dadgeba damzRvevisaTvis sk-is 845-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli winapirobebis arsebobisas (Setyobinebis ganzrax ar Sesrulebisas).

sk-s 938-e muxlis mesame nawilis danawesidan gamomdinare, erT-erTi monawilis gasvla (uari) erToblivi saqmianobis xelSekrulebidan, ar iwvevs Sesrulebulis ukan dabrunebas! Tu xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebulia monawilis gasvla erToblivi saqmianobis Seuwyvetlad, maSin gamsvleli monawilis wili nawildeba sxva monawileebs Soris. Ggamsvlel monawiles miecema wilis kompensacia fuladi saxiT gasvlis droisaTvis Seusrulebeli garigebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

sk-is 949-e muxlis meore nawiliT gansazRvrulia samisdReSio rCenis xelSekrulebaze uaris Sedegi _ gadacemuli uZravi qoneba ubrundeba sarCens, xolo xelSekrulebis Sewyvetamde 6 gaweuli xarjebi marCenals ar aunazRaurdeba, Tu xelSekrulebiT sxva ram ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli.

6 rogorc vxedavT am SemTxvevaSi kanonmdebeli xelSekrulebaze uars ukavSirebs Sewyvetis samarTlebriv

Sedegebs!

2. xelSekrulebidan gasvlis (uaris) namdvilobis winapirobebi:

xelSekrulebidan gasvlis safuZvlebi da pirobebi ganisazRvreba

kanoniT an mxareTa SeTanxmebiT.

2.1. gasvlis (uaris) kanonismieri winapirobebi

im SemTxvevaSi rodesac ormxrivi xelSekrulebis erT-erTi mxare

mniSvnelovnad arRvevs valdebulebas, meore mxares SeuZlia uari Tqvas

urTierTobis Semdgom gagrZelebaze. Muaris Sedegi ki is aris, rom mas

ukve aRar SeuZlia xelSekrulebis naturiT Sesruleba moiTxovos,

radganac valdebuleba gasvlis gamo Sewyda. marTalia, xelSekrulebidan

gasvlis uflebis realizaciiT adre warmoSobili moTxovna wydeba,

magram imavdroulad adgili aqvs axali valdebulebis warmoSobas da

Sesabamisad, kreditori uflebamosilia movalisagan moiTxovos rogorc

Sesrulebulis ukan dabruneba, ise zianis anazRaurebac7.

xelSekrulebidan gasvlis (uaris) ufleba aRmWurveli uflebaa da

gansxvavebiT moTxovnis uflebebisagan, masze ar vrceldeba

xandazmuloba.8 Sesabamisad, kreditors misi gamoyeneba SeuZlia nebismier

dros kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli yvela samarTlebrivi wanamZRvris

arsebobisas. mxedvelobaSia sk-is 352-e da Semdgomi muxlebi, 405-e da

Semdgomi muxlebi.

xelSekrulebidan gasvlis (uaris) ufleba orsaxovani bunebisaa.

aRniSnuli gamoxatulebas poulobs SemdegSi: erTi mxriv, igi wyvets ukve

arsebul moTxovnas (magaliTad, Sesrulebis Sesaxeb), meore mxriv, ki

warmoSobs axal moTxovnas _ xelSekrulebidan gamsvleli piris

uflebas moiTxovos Sesrulebulisa da meore mxaris mier amiT miRebuli

sargeblis naturiT dabruneba 9 , Tu naturiT dabruneba SeuZlebelia,

maSin mas SeuZlia moiTxovos fuladi anazRaureba 10 . Sesabamisad,

xelSekrulebidan gasvlis Semdeg warmoSobil moTxovnebze gavrceldeba

sk-s 128-e muxliT dadgenili xandazmulobis vadebi11.E

7ix.sk-is 352-e muxlis pirveli nawili 8 ix.saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, l.Wanturia, gamomcemloba samarTali 2001 weli. gv.232 9 ix.sk-is 352-e muxlis pirveli nawili, 10 ix. sk-is 352-e muxlis meore nawili. 11 zurab ZlieriSvili, `nardobis xelSekru lebis samarTlebrivi buneba~, gamomcemloba `merid iani~, Tbilisi 2011

weli,gv.139

xelSekrulebidan gasvla (uari) iwvevs ukve arsebuli urTierTobis

Sewyvetas calmxrivi nebis gamovlenis gziT12 , rac bunebrivia, uaryofiTi

Sedegebis momtani SeiZleba gaxdes meore mxarisaTvis. amitomac

kanonmdebeli gamovlenili nebis samarTlebriv vargisianobas ukavSirebs

mTel rig winapirobebs ix. sqema.

12 lado Wanturia, `Sesavali saqarTvelos samoqalaqo samarTlis zogad nawilSi~,gamomc.`samarTali~, Tb ilisi 1997

weli, gv.316

movalem kreditoris moTxovnas daupirispira Sesagebeli1

,

romelic man ukve waradgina an dauyonebliv waradgens

xelSekrulebaze uaris Tqmis Semdeg (sk-is 405-e muxlis

mesame nawilis ̀ d~ qvepunqti).

valdebulebis darRvevisaTvis kreditori mTlianad an umTavresad

TviTon aris pasuxismgebeli (sk-is 405-e muxlis mesame

nawilis ̀ g~ qvepunqti)

Mmiuxedavad imisa, rom movalem daarRvia gulisxmierebis

movaleoba1

, romelic marTalia, mxareTa mier winaswar ar

yofila gansazRvruli, magram valdebulebis arsidan da

Sinaarsidan gamomdinareobs, kreditors SeiZleba mainc

moeTxovos xelSekrulebis ZalaSi datoveba (sk-is 405-e muxlis

mesame nawilis ̀ b~ qvepunqti)

MTu movales SeuZlia gaqviTvis gziT Seasrulos valdebuleba da

man amis Sesaxeb gasvlis Semdeg dauyonebliv ganucxada

Tu xelSekrulebidan gamsvleli piris mxares monawileobs

ramdenime piri (kreditorTa simravle), maSin uaris Tqmis ufleba

unda ganaxorcielos yvela kreditorma erTad meore mxaris yvela

monawilisaTvis SetyobinebiT (sk-is 357-e muxli)

adgili unda hqondes monawilis mxridan

xelSekrulebiT nakisri valdebulebis darRvevas (405-e

muxli, nawili pirveli)

unda gamoiricxebodes iseTi garemoebebis arseboba,

romlebic abrkoleben xelSekruleb idan gasvlis (uaris) uflebis

ganxorcielebas

monawilem, romlis uflebebic dairRva, calmxrivi

nebis gamovleniT unda Seatyobinos meore mxares

gasvlis uflebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb (355-e muxli)

Tu monawileebs xelSekrulebiT ar ganusazRvriaT

gasvlis vada, maSin gamsvlelma pirma meore mxares

unda misces darRvevis gamosworebis SesaZlebloba

da damatebiTi vada dauwesos, romelic gonivruli

unda iyos1. Tu valdebulebis xasiaTidan gamomdinare

ar gamoiyeneba damatebiTi vada, maSin kreditorma

unda gaafrTxilos movale, rac uTanabrdeba vadis

micemas (405-emuxli, nawili pirveli).

es darRveva mniSvnelovani, anu arsebiTi xasiaTis

unda iyos (405-e nawili mesame, `a~qvepunqti)

saxelSekrulebo valdebuleba, romlis darRvevis gamoc

iTxovs monawile gasvlas, ar unda iyos Sewyvetili

SesrulebiT an sxva safuZvliT

saxeze unda iyos monawileTa Soris dadebuli

ormxriv i da namdvili xelSekruleba. (.405-e muxli, 1

nawili)

xelSekrulebidan gasvlis (uaris) kanonismieri winapirobebi

monawileTa Soris dadebuli ormxrivi13 da namdvili xelSekrulebis arseboba.14

xelSekruleba minimum ori, urTierTSemxvedri, samarTlebrivad

mniSvnelovani 15 calmxrivi nebis _ ofertisa da aqceptis _ Tanxvedris

Sedegia (consensus ad idem). Sesabamisad, yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi

unda Semowmdes SeTanxmdnen Tu ara mxareebi, saamisod gaTvaliswinebuli

formiT, xelSekrulebis yvela arsebiT pirobaze 16 . swored aseTi

SeTanxmebis namdviloba aniWebs xelSekrulebas iuridiul Zalas da

warmouSobs mxareeebs xelSekrulebis saganze urTierTvaldebulebebs.

saxelSekrulebo valdebuleba, romlis darRvevis gamoc iTxovs monawile gasvlas, ar unda iyos Sewyvetili SesrulebiT an sxva safuZvliT.

xelSekruleba, valdebulebis warmoSobis yvelaze gavrcelebuli

safuZvelia, romelic upirveles yovlisa, samoqalaqo urTierTobis

monawileTa nebis Tavisufali gamovlenis Sedegia, mxareTa

avtonomiurobis principis gamoxatulebaa, romlis ZaliTac mxareebi

kisruloben valdebulebas Seasrulon an ar Seasrulon esa Tu is

moqmedeba. nakisri valdebuleba Sesrulebulad da Sesabamisad,

Sewyvetilad CaiTvleba ara marto im SemTxvevaSi, roca movale mas

asrulebs zustad ise rogorc amaze mxareebi iyvnen SeTanxmebuli:

daTqmul dros, daTqmul adgilas da jerovnad 17 , aramed maSinac

rodesac:18

kreditori miiRebs sxva Sesrulebas (novacia), imis gamo, rom kreditori ayovnebs Sesrulebas an rodesac misi

adgilsamyofeli ucnobia, movale moaxdens Sesrulebis sagnis deponirebas, urTirTmoTxovnaTa gaqviTvisas, roca kreditori apatiebs movales vals, roca movale da kreditori erTi da igive piri aRmoCndeba movalis gardacvalebisas, an iuridiuli piris likvidaciisaTvis,

Tu uflebamonacvleoba dauSvebelia.

13 ormxrivi xelSekrulebis monawileebi erTdroulad kreditorebic arian da movaleebic.

14 sk-is 405-e muxlis pirveli nawilis danawesis mixedviT xelSekrulebidan gasvla (uari) SesaZlebelia mxolod

ormxrivi xelSekrulebis arsebobisas.

15 mxareTa yovegvari SeTanxmeba ar Se iZleba xelSekrulebad CaiTvalos, radganac zogjer is SeiZleba atarebdes

jentlmenuri an megobruli SeTanxmebis xasiaTs da ar iyos samarTlebrivad mboWavi.

16 ix.sk-is 327-e da Semdgomi muxlebi.

17 lado Wanturia, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, gamomc.`samarTali~ Tbilisi 2001 weli, wigni

mesame, gv.508

18. x. sk-is.427 da Semdegi muxlebi

Orogorc wesi, zogierTi saxis ormxrivi saxelSekrulebo

valdebulebebi, miuxedavad, xelSekrulebis moqmedebis vadis gasvlisa an

misi dadebisTanave Sesrulebisa, ZalaSi rCebian da warmoadgenen

momavalSi moTxovnis wardgenis safuZvels.

magaliTi:

xelSekruleba, valdebulebis warmoSobis yvelaze gavrcelebuli

safuZvelia, romelic upirveles yovlisa, samoqalaqo urTierTobis

monawileTa nebis Tavisufali gamovlenis Sedegia, mxareTa

avtonomiurobis principis gamoxatulebaa, romlis ZaliTac mxareebi

kisruloben valdebulebas Seasrulon an ar Seasrulon esa Tu is

moqmedeba. sayofacxovrebo teqnikis maRazia à-m~ da `b-m~ dades

SeTanxmeba, romlis mixedviTac à-m~ 4500 larad miyida `b-s~ evropuli

warmoebis, orkameriani macivari AEG. `b-m~ gadaixada macivris Rirebuleba,

xolo maRaziam Tavis mxriv, Seasrula nakisri valdebuleba da gadasca

myidvels syidvis sagani da masTan dakavSirebuli yvela dokumentacia.

erTi Tvis gasvlis Semdeg, macivari mwyobridan gamovida qarxnuli

teqnikuri wunis gamo. `b-m~ moiTxova nivTis Secvla analogiuri,

xarisxiani macivriT. maRaziam ar daakmayofila misi moTxovna, radganac

mas aRar hqonda gayidvaSi analogiuri warmoebis macivrebi. `b-m~

moiTxova naklis gamo xelSekrulebidan gasvla, magram à-m~ uari

ganacxada radganac xelSekrulebiT ar iyo gansazRvruli nasyidobis

sagnis vargisianobis vada da moTxovnis wamoyenebis droisaTvis misi

moqmedeba ukve damTavrebuli iyo.

erTi SexedviT, xelSekrulebiT nakisri valdebulebebi

Sesrulebulia da Sesabamisad, moTxovnas ar unda gaaCndes safuZveli,

magram es mxolod erTi SexedviT, radganac kanonis Tanaxmad 19

gamyidvelis erT-erTi ZiriTadi valdebulebaa myidvelisaTvis

nivTobrivad unaklo nivTis miwodeba. gamyidvelis miTiTeba imaze, rom

xelSekrulebiT macivris xarisxi winaswar ar yofila SeTanxmebuli da

arc vargisianobis vada iyo gansazRvruli, samarTlebriv suraTs ver

Secvlis, radganac `Tu xarisxi ar aris winaswar SeTanxmebuli, maSin

nivTi unaklod CaiTvleba, Tuki igi vargisia xelSekrulebiT

gaTvaliswinebuli an Cveulebrivi sargeblobisaTvis~20.

19 ix. sk-is 487-e muxli.

20ix. sk-is 488-e muxlis pirveli nawili.

erT-erT saqmeze 21 , uzenaesma sasamarTlom mTlianad gaiziara

qvemdgomi sasamarTlos mier gakeTebuli Sefasebebi da ase ganmarta sk-is

405-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebi: `aRniSnuli normis

gamoyenebisas aucilebelia, rom mxareTa Soris xelSekruleba iyos

ZalaSi.... sakasacio sasamarTloc iziarebs saapelacio sasamarTlos

mosazrebas imis Taobaze, rom mxareTa Soris arsebuli xelSekruleba

2003 wlisaTvis ukve Sewyvetili iyo. aseT dros ki, rogorc ukve

aRvniSneT, dauSvebelia xelSekrulebis Sesrulebaze uaris Tqma~22.

adgili unda hqondes monawilis mxridan xelSekrulebiT nakisri valdebulebis darRvevas23 . termini `valdebulebis darRveva~ moicavs valdebulebis Seusruleblobis yvela SemTxvevas24.

saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis darRvevas adgili eqneba im

SemTxvevaSi rodesac:

a) valdebuleba saerTod ar sruldeba da movalis mier misi Sesruleba/an drouli Sesruleba ukve SeuZlebelia.

b) valdebuleba dagvianebiT sruldeba. c) valdebulebis Sesruleba arajerovania.

es darRveva mniSvnelovani, anu arsebiTi xasiaTis unda iyos. am

garemoebis dadgena yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi darRvevis xasiaTis gaTvaliswinebiT unda moxdes; arsebiTad CaiTvleba valdebulebis iseTi darRveva, rodesac: movale ar/an nawilobriv asrulebs ZiriTad valdebulebas da amis gamo SeuZlebelia faqtobrivi Sesrulebis daniSnulebisamebr gamoyeneba an ikargeba momavalSi misi Sesrulebis imedi, anda kreditorisaTvis azri dakarga Sesrulebam25.

monawilem, romlis uflebebic dairRva, calmxrivi nebis gamovleniT26 unda Seatyobinos meore mxares gasvlis uflebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb.

21 ix saqme #331-734-05, 2007 wlis 8 ianvris ganCineba, http:www.supremecourt.ge/civilcases/.

22 SeniSvna: vfiqrob ufro zusti formulireba iqneboda Semdegi: aRniSnuli normis gamoyenebisas aucilebelia, rom

saxelSekrulebo valdebuleba, romlis darRvevisaTvisac moiTxovs mxare gasvlas, ZalaSi iyos~

23 `saxelSekru lebo valdebulebis~ darRvevis erTiani cneba ar arsebobs, magram misi Sinaarsis dadgenisas unda

vixelmZrvaneloT sk-is 361-e muxlis meore nawiliT dadgenili principebiT.

24 doqt. hain biolingi, peter lutringhausi, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis calkeuli moTxovnis safuZvlebis analizi.

Tbilisi, 2005 weli. gv.26

25 zurab ZlieriSvili, `nardobis xelSekruleb is samarTlebrivi buneba~, gamomcemloba `merid iani~, Tbilisi 2011

weli,gv.140

26 calmxrivi nebis namdvilobisaTvis aucilebelia meore mxaris informireba, rac imas niSnavs, rom gamovlen ili

neba meore mxares unda miuvides. amasTan dakavSirebiT ixileT, sk-is 51-e muxli.

Tu monawileebs xelSekrulebiT ar ganusazRvriaT gasvlis vada, maSin gamsvlelma pirma meore mxares unda misces darRvevis gamosworebis SesaZlebloba da damatebiTi vada dauwesos, romelic gonivruli unda iyos27 . Tu valdebulebis xasiaTidan gamomdinare ar gamoiyeneba damatebiTi vada, maSin kreditorma unda gaafrTxilos movale, rac uTanabrdeba vadis micemas.

amasTan dakavSirebiT, sasamarTlo praqtikidan moviyvan magaliTs28:

2004 wlis 11 ivniss mxareebma dades uZravi qonebis nasyidobis

xelSekruleba. xelSekrulebis sagans warmoadgenda Tbilisis erT-erT

ubanSi mdebare sacxovrebeli bina. xelSekrulebis fasi Seadgenda 14 000

aSS dolars. myidvelze sakuTrebis ufleba gadavidoda fasis srulad

gadaxdis Semdeg. igi sajaro restrSi aRiricxa binis mesakuTred

SezRuduli uflebiT. SeTanxmebuli fasis naxevari, 7000 aSS dolari,

gadaxdili iqna xelSekrulebis xelmowerisTanave. darCenili 7000 aSS

dolari myidvels unda gadaexada 2004 wlis 25 dekembers. man (myidvelma)

valdebuleba ar Seasrula. myidvelma sasamarTlos mimarTa da moiTxova

gamyidvelisa da misi ojaxis wevrebis binidan gamosaxleba da binis

mflobelobaSi gadacema. Tavis mxriv, gamyidvelma Segebebuli sarCeliT

moiTxova xelSekrulebidan gasvla da binaze sakuTrebis uflebis

dabruneba im safuZvliT, rom myidvelma SeTanxmebul vadaSi ar gadaixada

binis fasi mTlianad, moTxovnis wamoyenebis droisaTvis ki mas ukve

daekarga interesi darCenili nawilis Sesrulebisadmi, radganac

gaizarda qonebis sabazro Rirebuleba.

sasamarTlom daakmayofila sarCeli. Segebebuli sarCeli ki

uaryofili iqna Semdegi motivebiT. `samoqalaqo kodeqsis 405-e muxlis Tanaxmad Tu xelSekrulebis erTi mxare arRvevs ormxrivi xelSekrulebidan gamomdinare valdebulebas, maSin xelSekrulebis meore mxares SeuZlia uari Tqvas xelSekrulebaze valdebulebis SesrulebisaTvis mis mier damatebiT gansazRvruli vadis uSedegod gasvlis Semdeg. rogorc saqmis masalebiT irkveva, z. gobroniZes 2004 wlis 25 dekembridan xelSekrulebis Sesruleba T. baxtaZisaTvis dRemde ar mouTxovia. arc damatebiTi vada ganusazRvria misTvis. xolo is garemoeba, rom binebis fasi gaizarda da amitom Sesrulebam azri dakarga misTvis, ar SeiZleba gmoyenebuli iqnes xelSekrulebidan gasvlis winapirobad, miTumetes rom xelSekrulebidan gasvlis sakiTxi z. gobroniZem

27 vadis gonivruloba yovel konkretul SemTxvevazea damokidebuli. Mvadis xangrZlivobis gansazRv ra unda

moxdes ise, rom movales obieqturad gaaCndes SesaZlebloba Seasrulos valdebuleba.

28 ix.saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2008 wlis 26 noembris ganCineba saqmeze #as -547-780-08.

daayena mxolod da mxolod sasamarTloSi da mxolod maSin, rodesac aRiZra T. baxtaZis sarCeli ukanono mflobelobidan nivTis gamoTxovis Taobaze. palata ganmartavs, rom uZravi qonebis fasi yovelwliurad ganicdis cvlilebebs, amitom igi ar SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes xelSekrulebidan gasvlis winapirobad~.

unda gamoiricxebodes iseTi garemoebebis arseboba, romlebic abrkoleben xelSekrulebidan gasvlis (uaris) uflebis ganxorcielebas. kerZod:

Tu xelSekrulebidan gamsvleli piris mxares monawileobs ramdenime piri (kreditorTa simravle), maSin uaris Tqmis ufleba unda ganaxorcielos yvela kreditorma erTad meore mxaris yvela monawilisaTvis SetyobinebiT (sk-is 357-e muxli).

MTu movales SeuZlia gaqviTvis gziT Seasrulos valdebuleba da man amis Sesaxeb gasvlis Semdeg dauyonebliv ganucxada kreditors (sk-is 358-e muxli)29.

Mmiuxedavad imisa, rom movalem daarRvia gulisxmierebis movaleoba30 , romelic marTalia, mxareTa mier winaswar ar yofila gansazRvruli, magram valdebulebis arsidan da Sinaarsidan gamomdinareobs, kreditors SeiZleba mainc moeTxovos xelSekrulebis ZalaSi datoveba (sk-is 405-e muxlis mesame nawilis `b~ qvepunqti).

valdebulebis darRvevisaTvis kreditori mTlianad an umTavresad TviTon aris pasuxismgebeli. magaliTad, samSeneblo masalis (cementis) miwodebis xelSekrulebis dadebisas mxareebi SeTanxmdnen, rom gamyidveli miwodebas ganaxorcielebda myidvelis (kreditoris) mier gansazRvrul adgilas. am ukanasknelma ar Seasrula valdebuleba da ar acnoba gamyidvels Sesrulebis adgili, romlis gamoc gamyidvelma daTqmul vadaSi ver miawoda xelSekrulebis sagani myidvels (sk-is 405-e muxlis mesame nawilis `g~ qvepunqti)31.

movalem kreditoris moTxovnas daupirispira Sesagebeli32, romelic man ukve waradgina an dauyonebliv waradgens xelSekrulebaze

29 ix.sk-is 442-447-e muxlebi 30 sk-is 316-e muxlis meore nawilis danawesis mixedviT gansakuTrebuli gulis xmierebis movaleoba mxareTa mier

zneobrivi normebis dacvasa da urTierTpativiscemas gulis xmobs. am saxis valdebuleba arc ZiriTadi da arc

damatebiTia. misi warmoSobisaTvis ar aris aucilebeli mxareTa Soris winaswari, specialu ri SeTanxmebis arseboba,

Tumca maT Soris arsebuli urTierToba TavisTavad gulisxmobs erTi mxaris movaleobas ar Selaxos meore mxaris

uflebebi da safrTxe ar Seuqmnas mis qonebriv interesebs. M 31 AamasTan dakavSirebiT ixileT sk-is 406-e muxli. 32 mxedvelobaSia movalis materialur-samarTlebriv i Sesagebeli, romelic xels uSlis, mudmivad an droebiT aferxebs

xelSekrulebaze uaris Tqmis uflebis ganxorcielebas.

uaris Tqmis Semdeg (sk-is 405-e muxlis mesame nawilis `d~ qvepunqti).33

2.2. gasvlis (uaris) saxelSekrulebo regulireba.

monawileebs SeuZliaT gamoiyenon xelSekrulebis Sinaarsis

gansazRvris Tavisuflebis principi da urTierTSeTanxmebiT kanonisagan

gansxvavebulad moawesrigon xelSekrulebidan gasvlis safuZvlebi da

am uflebis ganxorcielebis pirobebi. MmaT aseve, SeuZliaT SezRudon an

saerTod gamoricxon am uflebis gamoyeneba.

magaliTad:

Tu gamyidveli ganzrax ar dumda nivTis naklis gamo, xelSekrulebiT SeiZleba SeizRudos an gamoiricxos gamyidvelis pasuxismgebloba naklis mqone nivTis gayidvisas (sk-is 497-e muxli).

Tu menarde mis mier damzadebuli nakeTobis nakls ganzrax ar dafaravs, mas SeuZlia miuTiTos im SeTanxmebaze, romelic gamoricxavs an zRudavs SemkveTis uflebebs nakeTobis naklis gamo (sk-is 654-e muxli)

Tumca, zogierT SemTxvevaSi kanoni ar aZlevs uflebas monawileebs

Seitanon xelSekrulebaSi pasuxismgeblobis SemzRudavi an gamomricxavi

debulebebi.

magaliTad:

sk-is 541-e muxlis pirveli da mesame nawilebis mixedviT, Tu daqiravebuli nivTi mTlianad an nawilobriv gadaecema damqiravebels dagvianebiT, an Tu SemdgomSi mas waerTva sargeblobis ufleba, maSin mas SeuZlia uari Tqvas xelSekrulebaze vadis dacvis gareSe. sacxovrebeli sadgomis qiravnobis SeTanxmeba, romelic krZalavs an zRudavs am uflebas, baTilia.

erToblivi saqmianobis monawiles ar SeiZleba aekrZalos an SeezRudos erToblivi saqmianobis xelSekrulebidan gasvlis ufleba (sk-is 938-e muxlis meoTxe nawili).

Tu standartuli debulebis safuZvelze SemTavazeblis mier ZiriTadi valdebulebis darRvevisas, meore mxares, romelic fizikuri piria da ar misdevs samewarmeo saqmianobas, erTmeva an

33 ix.573-e muxli

ezRudeba ufleba uari Tqvas xelSekrulebaze, maSin aseTi SeTanxmeba baTilia (sk-is 348-e muxli `z~ qvepunqti).

xelSekrulebis miznis Secvla (uari, gasvla), rogorc moTxovnis Sewyvetis safuZveli.

1. xelSekrulebis moSlisa (Sewyvetis) da xelSekrulebidan gasvlis (uaris) urTierTmimarTeba. 1.2. gasvlisa da moSlis samarTlebrivi Sedegebi

2. xelSekrulebidan gasvlis (uaris) namdvilobis winapirobebi: 2.1 gasvlis (uaris) kanonismieri winapirobebi

2.2 gasvlis (uaris) saxelSekrulebo regulireba.

II. kazusi da samarTlebrivi daskvna

I.Sesavali

saxelSekrulebo Tavisuflebis farglebSi moqmedi samarTlebrivi

urTierTobis monawileni rogorc wesi, keTilsindisierad da jerovnad

asruleben xelSekrulebis pirobebs, rac warmoadgens normaluri da

stabiluri samoqalaqo brunvis safuZvels. zogadi wesis mixedviT,

saxelSekrulebo urTierTobis monawiles ar SeuZlia calmxrivad uari

Tqvas/an moSalos xelSekruleba.

M magram rogor unda moiqces am urTierTobis monawile maSin,

rodesac meore mxare arRvevs nakisr valdebulebas da igi amiT

zaraldeba? _ magaliTad, Tu damqiravebels ar gadaecema qiravnobis

sagani, an Tu SemkveTma menardisagan ver miiRo damzadebuli nakeToba,

an msesxebeli ar abrunebs vals da a.S.

rasakvirvelia, dazaralebuls ar SeuZlia, TviTneburi zomebis

miRebis gziT, aiZulos arakeTilsindisieri mxare Seasrulos

valdebuleba, radganac aRniSnuli ewinaaRmdegeba Tanamedrove

marTlwesrigsa da brunvis usafrTxoebas. man warmoSobili konfliqturi

situaciis mosagvareblad unda gamoiyenos kanoniT dadgenili wesi da

davis gadasawyvetad unda mimarTos sasamarTlos, Tu ar CavTvliT im

sagamonakliso SemTxvevebs, romelsac iTvaliswinebs samoqalaqo kodeqsis

116-e, 117-e da 118-e muxlebi34 .

swored sasamarTloa is organo, romelmac warmoSobili dava unda

gadawyvitos (moiyvanos dava udavoobis mdgomareobaSi) da gansazRvros

mxareTa ufleba-movaleobebi. Tumca, sasamarTlosaTvis mimarTvamde,

dazaralebuli rogorc wesi, daxmarebisaTvis iuridiuli profesiis sxva

warmomadgenlebsac mimarTavs, romlebic erTvebian warmoSobili

konfliqtis mogvarebaSi.A

aqedan gamomdinare, iuristis (samarTalmcodnis) profesiuli

saqmianoba mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli cxovrebiseuli situaciebis, maT

Soris kerZosamarTlebrivi urTierTobidan 35 gamomdinare konfliqturi

SemTxvevebis, gadawyvetasTan, rac gamoxatulebas misi, rogorc

profesionalis, unar-Cvevebisa da Teoriuli codnis praqtikul

realizaciaSi konkretuli samarTlebrivi amocanis gadawyvetis dros

poulobs.

sxvadasxva `cxovrebiseul~ situaciebSi, romlebic Cveni

yoveldRiuri yofis Semadgeneli nawilia, garkveva da erTaderTi

samarTlebrivad dasabuTebuli daskvnis gamotana zogjer TviT umaRlesi

kategoriis iuristisaTvisac ki sirTuleebTanaa dakavSirebuli, radganac

TiToeul aseT konfliqtur SemTxvevas aratipurobisa da

ganumeoreblobis daRi aziT. amitomacaa, rom kerZosamarTlebrivi

SemTxvevis gadawyvetaSi monawile iuristebis pasuxismgeblobis done

gansakuTrebiT maRalia; udavoa, rom maT mier miRebul

gadawyvetilebebzea damokidebuli, rogorc fizikuri, ise iuridiuli

pirebis bedi, maTi qonebrivi da araqonebrivi uflebebi, ekonomikis

stabiluroba, avtorTa da gamomgonebelTa interesebi, investiciebis

mozidva da a.S. Sesabamisad, maTi profesiuli momzadebis done da

samarTlebrivi azrovnebis siRrme, xels uwyobs da ufro metic, umetes

SemTxvevaSi ganapirobebs kidec sasamarTlo davaze samarTliani da

kanonieri gadawyvetilebis miRebas.

34 es normebi dazaralebuls aniWeben uflebas saTanado winapirobebis arsebobisas, moigerion marTlsawinaaRmdego

Tavdasxma da Tavisi uflebebis dasasacavad mimarTon TviTdaxmarebas. 35 `kerZosamarTlebrivia pirTa Tanasworobaze damyarebuli urTierToba, romelSic individis nebis avtonomiis

realizeba uzrunvelyofilia s xva piris Sesatyvisi boWviT~ ix. daviT kereseliZe `kerZo samarTlis uzogadesi sistemuri

cnebebi~ evropuli da SedarebiTi samarTlis instututis gamomcemloba, Tbilisi 2009, gv.80.

samarTlebrivi azrovneba warmoadgens praqtikosi iuristis

inteleqtualur saqmianobas, romelic uTuod gulisxmobs mis winaSe

mdgomi konkretuli amocanis gadawyvetas samarTlebrivi saSualebebisa

da argumentebis gamoyenebis gziT.

azrovnebis samarTlebrivi xasiaTi saxezea maSin rodesac igi:

jer erTi, mimarTulia samarTlis SesaZleblobebis gamoyenebiT

samarTlis normebis realizaciisaken, meorec _ dasaxuli mizani miiRweva

samarTlebrivi saSualebebisa da iuridiuli meTodebis36 gamoyenebiT da

mesame _ konkretuli situaciis (SemTxvevis) gadawyvetis dros

gaTvaliswinebulia samarTlis mier dadgenili qcevis zogadi xasiaTis

wesebi.

samarTlebrivi azrovnebis procesis sirTule ganpirobebulia

dinamikiT, romelic ramdenime urTierTdakavSirebuli etapisagan Sedgeba:

pirveli etapi _ esaa konkretul saganTan, romelic gansazRvravs

meTods 37 , dakavSirebuli problemis gamovlena, gaazreba da im amocanis

mkafiod formulireba, romlis gadawyvetiskenacaa mimarTuli

samarTlebrivi azrovneba.

meore etapi _ esaa samarTlebrivi Sedegis, romelic normis

qmedebis Semadgenlobidan gamomdinareobs da warmoSobs zogad da

individualur valdebulebebs 38 , gansazRvrisaTvis samarTlebrivi

saSualebebisa da meTodebis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobis analizi

kanonmdeblobaSi arsebuli SezRudvebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

Mmesame etapi ki esaa _ saboloo gadawyvetilebis misaRebad daskvnis

optimaluri variantis arCeva.

konkretuli samarTlebrivi SemTxvevis (situaciis) iuridiuli

damuSavebis dros cxovrebiseul faqtobriv garemoebebs samarTlis

normiT (normebiT) gaTvaliswinebuli abstraqtuli faqtobrivi

wanamZRvrebi unda Seesabamebodes. saubaria e.w. subsumciis, anu

iuridiuli kvalifikaciis meTodze. pirvel rigSi, SerCeuli samarTlis

normis (normebis) e.w. `vargisianobis~ Seswavlis mizniT unda Semowmdes

moqmedebs Tu ara igi misi gamoyenebis dros, xom ar aris Setanili

damateba an cvlileba, xom ara aqvs miniWebuli ukuqceviTi Zala da.S.

36 ` meTodi niSnavs miznisaken mimaval gzas~_ rainhold cipeliusi `iuridiu li meTodebis moZRvreba~ meaTe

gadamuSavebuli gamocema 2006 weli, licenziis mflobeli qarTul gamocemaze GTZ 2009, jgufi `siesta~ gv.1. 37 ix. r.cipeliusi iqve. 38 iqve

mxolod amis Semdeg unda moxdes misi(maTi) gamoyeneba gramatikuli,

istoriuli, sistemuri da Teleologiuri ganmartebis gziT39.

samarTlis normebi, romlebic sxvadasxva saxis urTierTobebis

mosawesrigeblad unda iqnas gamoyenebuli, gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan

funqciuri daniSnulebisa da gansxvavebuli Sedegebis mixedviT. nawili

normebisa Seicaven moTxovnis safuZvels, anu ganekuTvnebian

samarTlebrivi Sedegis ganmsazRvrel normaTa ricxvs 40 da pasuxs

iZlevian kiTxvaze: vin vis, ras Txovs da ris safuZvelze?

Tumca, mxolod am saxis normebis gamoyeneba ar iqneba sakmarisi

imisaTvis, rom srulyofili da saboloo daskvna gakeTdes moTxovnis

safuZvlianobasTan dakavSirebiT. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs: moTxovnis

damabrkolebeli, Semwyveti da Semaferxebeli normebi. am saxis normebis

urTierTgamijvna da analizi, SesaZleblobas iZleva Tavidan iqnas

acilebuli Secdomebi da damajereblobis maRali xarisxiT iqnas

dasabuTebuli iuridiuli daskvna konkretul SemTxvevasTan

dakavSirebiT.

Sesabamisad, moTxovnis safuZvlianobis Semowmeba materialuri

samarTlis normebis misadagebis TvalsazrisiT Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT

unda movaxdinoT:

pirvel rigSi unda Semowmdes warmoeSva Tu ara kreditors movalis

mimarT is moTxovna 41 , romelic konkretul SemTxvevaSi warmoadgens

misTvis samarTlebrivad ganpirobebul interess _ Sesabamisad, unda

Semowmdes is normebi, romlebic abrkoleben moTxovnas, miuxedavad imisa,

rom samarTlebrivi Sedegis ganmsazRvreli yvela faqtobrivi wanamZRvari

mocemulia; magaliTad, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis 42 54-59-e, 66-e

muxli, 320-e, 322-e, 336-e, 394(1), 973-e da a.S

39 `gramat iku li ganmarteba orientirebulia im faqtobrivi elementebis sityvier formulirebaze, romelic aris ganmartebis

sagani. amasTan, mniSvnelovania ara mxolod zogadi mniSvneloba, aramed sxva specifikuri datvirTvac. gramat iku li

ganmarteba … aris yvela s xva ganmartebis amosavali wertili da maTi farg lebis gamsazRvreli. istoriuli ganmartebis

farglebSi xdeba kanonmdeblis nebis gamokvleva kanonis miRebis momentisaTvis. sistemur ganmartebas safuZvlad

udevs erTiani marTlwesrigis idea, romlis mixedviT samarTlis arc erTi norma ar ewinaaRmdegeba meores.

Teleologiuri ganmarteba gulis xmobs samarTlebrivi normis arsiasa da miznis Ziebas. amasTan, gadamwyvetia ara

kanonmdeblis neba kanonis gamocemis momentisaTvis, aramed dRevandeli perspeqtiva~ ix. sandra henSeli,

samoqalaqo kazusebis damuSavebis meTodika~, Tbilisi 2009 gamomcemloba `siesta~gv.57-63 40ix. sandra henSeli, samoqalaqo kazusebis damuSavebis meTodika~, Tbilisi 2009 gamomcemloba `siesta~gv.43 41 moTxovna _ piris (kreditoris) uflebaa sxva pirisagan (movalisagan) moiTxovos raime qmedebis

(moqmedeba/moqmedebisagan Tavis Sekaveba) Sesruleba saxelSekru lebo an kanonismieri valdebulebis safuZvelze.

ix.saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis 316-e muxlis pirveli nawili. 42 SemdgomSi sk

Tu moTxovnis warmoSoba saxeze iqneba, maSin unda gadavideT

Semdgom etapze da SevamowmoT moTxovnis Semwyveti normebi _ am saxis normebi warmoSobil (ukve arsebul) moTxovnas safuZvels aclian

(spoben) an cvlian imdagvarad, rom misi wardgena Tavdapirveli saxiT

kreditors ukve aRar SeuZlia; magaliTad, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo

kodeqsis 427-e da momdevno muxlebi, 352-e da momdevno muxlebi, 198-e da

momdevno muxlebi, 203-e muxli da a.S.

moTxovnis Semaferxebeli normebis Semowmeba mesame etapia _ am

saxis normebi xels uSlian kreditors im moTxovnis realizaciaSi,

romelic warmoiSva da ar Sewyvetila. mxedvelobaSia droebiT _

Sesrulebis vadis dadgoma43, sk-is 369-e, 163-e muxlis mesame nawili, me-500,

776-e, 894-e da me-900 muxlebi) da mudmivad Semaferxebeli _ sk-is 128-e da

momdevno muxlebi (xandazmuloba)44.

SevexebiT moTxovnis Sewyvetis erT-erT safuZvlis _

xelSekrulebidan gasvlis (uaris) _ saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsiT

regulirebel normebsa da praqtikaSi maTi gamoyenebis Taviseburebebs.

II. kazusi da samarTlebrivi daskvna

à~-s (fizikuri piri) surda binis SeZena Tbilisis erT-erT

prestiJul ubanSi mSenebare mravalbinian saxlSi.

2008 wlis 18 maiss man erT-erT samSeneblo kompaniasTan (`b~),

romlis Sesaxebac gazeT `sityva da saqmeSi~ ganTavsebuli reklamidan

Seityo, werilobiTi formiT dado xelSekruleba, romlis mixedviTac es

ukanaskneli kisrulobda valdebulebas, 2009 wlis 18 oqtombrisaTvis

mis mier q. TbilisSi aSenebul mravalbinian saxlSi, à~-sTvis aeSenebia da sakuTrebaSi gadaeca xuToTaxiani bina, saerTo farTiT 216 kv.m. Tavis

mxriv, à~ valdebuli iyo xelSekrulebis xelmoweridan erTi Tvis

vadaSi gadaexada binis Rirebuleba _ 80 000 aSS dolari.

43 ix.sk-is 366-e muxli _Tu valdebulebis SesrulebisaTvis gansazRvru lia dro, maSin saeWvoobisas ivaraudeba, rom

kreditors ar SeuZlia Sesrulebis moTxovna am vadamde--- Tumca, am wesidan gamonakliss uSvebs sk-is 367-e

muxli, romelic miuxedavad vadis daudgomlobisa, mainc unarCunebs moTxovnas kreditors; Tuki movale amcirebs

Sepirebul uzrunvelyofas an/saerTod ver warmoadgens mas, an kidev Tu saxezea misi gadaxdisuunarooba/an

mosalodneli gadaxdisuunaroba. 44moTxovnis xadazmuloba gulis xmobs mis aranamdvilobas kanoniT dadgenili vadis gasvlis Semdeg- amis gamo

kreditors erTmeva ufleba moTxovnis sasamarTlosadmi wardgenis gziT daikmayofilos Tavisi interesi.

à~-m nakisri valdebulebis Sesrulebis mizniT, gayida Tavisi

Zveli bina 89 000 aSS dolarad da erT TveSi mTlianad dafara

asaSenebeli binis Rirebuleba. man, binis aSenebamde, sakuTrebaSi da

Sesabamisad, mflobelobaSi gadacemamde, iqirava bina imave ubanSi, TveSi

600 aSS dolarad.

kompaniam dadgenil droSi valdebuleba ver Seasrula, Seqmnili

finansuri problemebis gamo ver daamTavra binis mSenebloba. man

valdebuleba arc damatebiTi eqvsTviani vadis micemis Semdegac

Seasrula.

2010 wlis 28 maiss à-mM~ werili gaugzavna `b-s~ da moiTxova: mis

mier kompaniisaTvis gadaxdili 80 000 aSS dolaris, miRebuli sargeblis

16 000 aSS dolarisa da miyenebuli zianis 12 000 aSS dolaris (mis mier

gadaxdili qiris) gadaxda.

`b-m~ moTxovna ar cno.

man Tavis 2010 wlis 2 ivnisis sapasuxo werilSi miuTiTa, rom

xelSekrulebisOMstandartuli pirobiT à-s~ xelSekrulebaze uaris

ufleba aqvs mxolod im SemTxveaSi, Tu igi kompanias SesTavazebs binis

gadaxdisunarian sxva myidvels. garda amisa, `b~ acxadebs, rom mas vadis

gadacilebaSi brali ar miuZRvis, radganac armatura da sxva samSeneblo

masalebi momwodeblisgan dadgenil vadaSi ver miiRo. amis mizezi ki is

iyo, rom bankma droulad ar gamouyo krediti masalebis SesaZenad.

rogor unda gadawydes dava?

kazusis amoxsnis sqema:

saboloo werilobiTi daskvnis Sedgenamde, kazusi (samarTlerivi

SemTxveva) sqematurad unda amoixsnas. aseTi midgoma SesaZleblobas

iZleva winaswar iqnas gansazRvruli moTxovnis yvela SesaZlo

samarTlebrivi safuZveli da Semowmdes am normis (normebis) yvela

faqtobrivi wanamZRvris arseboba, romlebic ganapirobeben konkretul

samarTlebriv Sedegs. 45 TiToeuli faqtobrivi wanamZRvris Semowmebis

Sedegi mkafiod da lakonurad unda aisaxos TezisebSi. amasTan, Tavi

unda avaridoT kazusSi moyvanili samarTlebrivad aramniSvnelovani

45 mxedvelobaSia iurid iuli kvalifikacia (subscumcia), romelic Tavis TavSi gulis xmobs kazusSi mocemuli konkretuli

faqtebis misadagebas konkretuli samarTlis normis SemadgenlobiT gansazRvrul garemoebebTan.

faqtebis Sefasebas, radganac maT araviTari zegavlena ar SeiZleba

hqondeT saboloo Sedegze.46

mocemuli kazusis mixedviT à-s~ moTxovna `b-s~ mimarT

damyarebulia xelSekrulebidan gasvlaze da mis Sedegebze.

moTxovnis safuZveli: samoqalaqo kodeqsis 352-e muxlis pirveli nawili,

405-e muxlis pirveli nawili da 407-e muxli.

1. xelSekrulebidan uaris (gasvlis) moTxovna.

Aa) moTxovnis warmoSoba

samarTlebrivi wanamZRvrebi: à-sa~ da `b-s~ SorisDsamarTlebrivad namdvili nardobis

xelSekruleba, romliTac `b~ iRebs valdebulebas, auSenos da

sakuTrebaSi gadasces ̀ a-s~ xuToTaxiani bina. (+)

sk-is 405-e muxlis pirveli nawilis winapirobebi:

_`b-s~ mxridan ormxrivi xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebili valdebulebis darRveva47: _ vadis gadacileba (+). sk-is me-400-e muxlis à~ qvepunqtis mixedviT movalis mier vadis gadacilebad iTvleba Tu igi SesrulebisaTvis dadgenil droSi ar asrulebs valdebulebas. `b-s~ valdebuleba unda Seesrulebia 2009 wlis 18 oqtombrisaTvis. man gadaacila vadas. _ à~-s mier nebis gamovlena (+) à~ `b-sadmi~ 2010 wlis 28 maiss gagzavnil werilSi naTlad da mkafiod gamoxatavs, rom mas ar surs xelSekrulebis SenarCuneba48. _ `b-s~ mier ̀ a-s~ werilis miReba (+) man (`b~) 2010 wlis 2 ivniss sapasuxo werili gaugzavna ~a-s~. _à-s~ mier gansazRvruli damatebiTi, eqvsTviani, vadis uSedegod gasvla49 (+)

xelSekrulebaze uaris gamomricxavi garemoebebi:

o sk-is 405-e muxlis mesame nawilis winapirobebi: 46 cxovrebiseul situaciebSi p irebi, romlebic samarTlebrivi daxmarebisaTvis mimarTaven iuristebs, yovelTvis ver

axerxeben TavianTi samarTlebriv i interesisa da masTan dakavSirebuli faqtebis gasagebad da mkafiod formulirebas.

amitomac, zogjer isini iseT faqtebze SeiZleba amaxvilebdnen yuradRebas, romelsac samarTlebrivad araviTari

mniSvneloba ar gaaCniaT. 47 “xelSekruleb is darRveva”_ movale xelSekrulebas saerTod ar asrulebs, asrulebs nawilobriv, an dagvianebiT, an ise

ara rogorc es mxareTa mier iyo gansazRvruli. 48 . xelSekruleb idan gasvla(uari) calmxriv i nebis gamovleniT xorcieldeba. sk-is 51-e muxlis Tanaxmad misi

namdviloba pirdapir kavSirSia meore mxaris mier mis miRebasTan. 49 damatebiTi vadis xangrZlivoba konkretuli darRvevis xasiaTisa da Sesasrulebeli valdebulebis Taviseburebis

gaTvaliswinebiT unda ganisazRvros. am dros kreditori unda xelmZRvanelobdes princip iT: `mTavaria valdebulebis

Sesruleba da ara pasuxis mgebloba SeusruleblobisaTvis~-ix. b.zoiZe, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari,

wigni mesame, Tbilisi 2001 weli, gv.434.

_ darRvevis umniSvnelo xasiaTi (_) nardobis xelSekrulebaSi nivTis damzadeba da masze sakuTrebis uflebis gadacema warmoadgens menardis ZiriTad valdebulebas. Sesabamisad, b~-s mxridan adgili aqvs saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis arsebiT darRvevas, radganac man dadgenil vadaSi ar Seasrula igi. _ sk-is 316-e muxlis meore nawilis moTxovnebis darRveva50 (_) fabula ar Seicavs miTiTebebs amasTan dakavSirebiT. _valdebulebis daRvevisaTvis `a~ mTlianad an umTavresad TviTon aris pasuxismgebeli (_) fabula ar Seicavs miTiTebebs amasTan dakavSirebiT. _ MOmoTxovnas upirispirdeba Sesagebeli, romelic `b-m~ ukve waradgina an dauyonebliv waradgens xelSekrulebaze uaris Tqmis Semdeg (_)51 . erTi SexedviT, `b-s~ SesagebliT SezRudulia ~a-s~ gasvlis ufleba. magram es SezRudva ZalaSi ar aris, radganac `a~ fizikuri piria da xelSekrulebis es debuleba standartulia. sk-is 348-e muxlis `z` qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, xelSekrulebis standartuli piroba, romlis mixedviTac xelSekrulebis ZiriTadi valdebulebis darRvevisas, meore mxares erTmeva an ezRudeba ufleba uari Tqvas xelSekrulebaze, baTilia im fizikuri pirebis mimarT, romlebic ar misdeven samewarmeo saqmianobas.

o sxva safuZvlebi:

_ sk-is 357-e mixedviT pirTa simravlis SemTxvevaSi xelSekrulebaze uaris ufleba unda ganaxorcielos yvelam erTdroulad (_) _ sk-is 358-e muxlis danawesis mixedviT uari dauSvebelia, Tu movales SeuZlia gaqviTvis gziT Seasrulos valdebuleba da gasvlis Semdeg dauyonebliv ganacxadebs valdebulebois gaqviTvis Sesaxeb (_).

b) moTxovnis Sewyveta

fabula ar Seicavs moTxovnis Semwyvet garemoebebze miTiTebas.

`b-s~ gancxadeba, rom mas vadis gadacilebaSi brali ar miuZRvis,

radganac man krediti ver miiRo bankisagan droulad, romlis

gamoc armatura da sxva samSeneblo masalebi momwodeblisgan

50 kanonmdeblis es daTqma samoqalaqo brunvis stabilurobisa da usafrTxoebis principis gamoxatulebaa. mxareeb i

valdebulni arian iTanamSromlon erTmaneTTan da ar SeuSalon xeli erTmaneTs nakisri valdebulebebis SesrulebaSi. 51mxareTa SeTanxmebiT pasuxis mgeblobis gamoricxva, an SezRudva moqmedi samoqalaqo kodeqsis normebiT

dasaSvebia, garda im SemTxvevebisa, rodesac valdebulebi darRveva ganzraxi moqmedebis Sedegia. amasTan,

dakavSireb iT ixileT: sk-is 395-e muxlis pirveli nawili, 497-e muxli da a.S. Sesabamisad, xelSekru lebidan gasvlis

(uaris) safuZvlebi SeiZleba ganisazRvros xelSekrulebiTac da es ufleba gamoiricxos an SeizRudos.

dadgenil vadaSi ver SeiZina, samarTlebrivad mniSvnelovani ver

iqneba.52

g) moTxovnis ganxorcielebadoba

fabulis Tanaxmad ar arsebobs garemoebebi, romlebic droebiT an

mudmivad aferxeben moTxovnis ganxorcielebas.53

Sedegi: à-s~ ufleba aqvs uari Tqvas `b-sTan~ 2008 wlis 18 maiss

dadebul xelSekrulebaze da moTxovos gadacemuli sargebelTan

erTad.

2. xelSekrulebaze uaris gamo zianis anazRaurebis moTxovna.

a) moTxovnis warmoSoba.

sk-is 407-e muxlis wanamZRvrebi:

_ à-s~ mier nardobis xelSekrulebaze uaris namdviloba (+)

_ xelSekrulebis darRvevis ̀ b-s~ braliT gamowveva54 (+)

_ zianis arseboba (+). fabulis mixedviT à~ qiriT cxovrobda da

yovelTviurad ixdida 600 aSS dolars.

_ pirdapiri mizezobrivi kavSiri xelSekrulebis darRvevasa da

damdgar zians Soris (+)

b) moTxovnis Sewyveta

fabula ar Seicavs moTxovnis Semwyvet garemoebebze

miTiTebas. `b-s~ gancxadeba, rom mas vadis gadacilebaSi brali

ar miuZRvis, radganac man krediti ver miiRo bankisagan

droulad, romlis gamoc armatura da sxva samSeneblo

masalebi momwodeblisgan dadgenil vadaSi ver SeiZina,

samarTlebrivad mniSvnelovani ver iqneba

g) moTxovnis ganxorcielebadoba

fabulis Tanaxmad ar arsebobs garemoebebi, romlebic droebiT

an mudmivad aferxeben moTxovnis ganxorcielebas.

52 amasTan dakavSirebiT ix. sk-is 397-e muxli 53 xelSekrulebaze gasvlis (uaris) ufleba aRmWurveli uflebaa da masze ar vrceldeba xandazmuloba. 54 amasTan dakavSirebiT ix.sk-is 395-e muxlis pirveli nawili.

Sualeduri Sedegi: à-s~ ufleba aqvs moiTxovos `b-sgan~

xelSekrulebaze uaris gamo ziani.

saboloo Sedegi: sk-is 352-e muxlis pirveli nawilis, 405-e muxlis

pirveli nawilisa da 407-e muxlis safuZvelze à-s~ SeZlia `b-sgan~

moiTxovos mis mier kompaniisaTvis gadaxdili 80 000 aSS dolaris,

miRebuli sargeblis 16 000 aSS dolarisa da miyenebuli zianis 12

000 aSS dolaris (mis mier gadaxdili qiris) gadaxda.

samarTlebrivi daskvna:

à-s~ moTxovnebi ̀ b-s~ mimarT:

I. xelSekrulebidan gasvla da `b-sTvis~ gadacemuli 80 000 aSS

dolarisa da miuRebeli sargeblis _ 16 000 aSS dolaris _

dabruneba.

moTxovna SeiZleba efuZvnebodes sk-is 352-e da 405-e muxlis pirvel

nawilebs.

1. moTxovnis warmoSoba

moTxovnis warmoSobis winapirobaa à-sa~ da `b-s~ Soris

ormxrivi 55 da namdvili xelSekrulebis dadeba. xelSekruleba

dadebulad iTvleba, Tu mxareebi SeTanxmdebian mis yvela arsebiT

pirobaze saamisod gaTvaliswinebuli formiT 56 . iuridiul

literaturaSi damkvidrebuli mosazrebis mixedviT xelSekruleba

mxareTa nebis gamovlenis Sedegia57 , anu erTi mxare eTanxmeba meore

mxaris mier gamoTqmul winadadebas 58 (oferta+aqcepti). am

SemTxvevaSi saxezea sk-is 629-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli

samarTlebrivi urTierToba _ nardobis xelSekruleba. nardobis

xelSekrulebis sagans, rogorc wesi, warmoadgens individualurad

gansazRvruli nakeTobis damzadeba da misi pirobebi gansazRvraven

SekveTili nakeTobis damzadebis samuSaoTa Sesrulebis procesSi

monawileTa urTerTobas 59 . rogorc kazusidan Cans, oferenti iyo

`b~, romelic gazeTSi ganTavsebuli gancxadebiT sTavazobda pirebs

xelSekrulebis dadebas. igi kisrulobda binis aSenebisa da masze

55 ormxrivia xelSekruleba, romlis monawileebi erTdroulad kreditorebic arian da movaleebic. 56 ix.sk-is 327-e muxli. 57 konrat cvaigerti, hain kotci `SedarebiTi samarTalmcodneobis Sesavali kerZo samarTlis sferoSi~, Targmani

ekaterine sumbaTaSvilis, Tbilisi 2001 weli , gamomcemloba jisiai, tomi II, gv.42. 58 ix.sk-is 329-e da Semdegi normebi. 59 zurab ZlieriSvili, `nardobis xelSekrulebis samarTlebrivi buneba~,gamomc.`meridiani~, Tbilisi 2011 weli, gv.41

sakuTrebis gadacemis valdebulebas, sapasuxo Sesrulebis _

safasuris gadaxdis sanacvlod. à~ daeTanxma mis mier

SemoTavazebul pirobebs da Tavis mxriv, ikisra valdebuleba erTi

Tvis vadaSi gadaexada `b-sTvis~ 80 000 aSS dolari. nardobis

xelSekrulebis namdviloba mxareTa Soris sadavo ar aris. kazusi

ar Seicavs iseT garemoebebze miTiTebas, romlebsac moqmedi

samoqalaqo samarTlis normebi ukavSireben xelSekrulebis

aranamdvilobas60. (+)

sk-is 352-e da 405-e muxlis pirveli nawilebiT gaTvaliswinebuli

winapirobebis arsebobisas à-s~ SeuZlia uari Tqvas

xelSekrulebaze da moiTxovos rogorc gadacemulis, ise `b-s~ mier

miRebuli sargeblis dabruneba:

a) `b-s` mier xelSekrulebiT nakisri valdebulebis darRveva _

saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis darRvevas adgili aqvs maSin,

roca igi ar sruldeba an sruldeba arajerovnad 61 . umniSvnelo

darRveva (araarsebiTi darRveva) gasvlis uflebas ar

warmoSobs 62 . mocemul SemTxvevaSi, `b-s~ mxridan adgili aqvs

ZiriTadi valdebulebis _ nivTis damzadebisa da gadacemis _

valdebulebis darRvevas, rac eWvgareSea, mniSvnelovani

darRvevaa da Sesabamisad, à-s~ aniWebs uflebas calmxrivi

nebis gamovleniT uari Tqvas xelSekrulebaze (+).

b) à-s~ mier gamovlenili calmxrivi neba 63 namdvilia, radganac

man werilobiTi formiT Seatyobina meore mxares Tavisi

ganzraxvis Sesaxeb, riTac Seasrula sk-is 355-e muxliT

gansazRvruli samarTlebrivi moqmedeba; Sesabamisad, man naTlad

da mkafiod gamoxata, rom aRar unda `b-sTan~ urTierTobis

gagrZeleba.

g) sk-is me-400-e muxlis à~ qvepunqtis mixedviT movalis mier vadis gadacilebad iTvleba, Tu igi SesrulebisaTvis dadgenil droSi ar asrulebs valdebulebas. `b-s~ valdebuleba unda Seesrulebia 2009 wlis 18 oqtombrisaTvis. man gadaacila vadas. à-m~, xelSekrulebidan gasvlis Sesaxeb 2010 wlis 28 maisis Setyobinebamde, gaakeTa e.w. `gamafrTxilebeli gasrola~ 64 da damatebiTi eqvsTviani vada misca `b-s~ valdebulebis Sesasruleblad, `b-m~ valdebuleba arc damatebiTi vadis ganmavlobaSi Seasrula.

60 ix. sk-is 54-e da Semdgomi muxlebi (garigebis dadebis zogadi pirobebi) 61 zurab axvlediani, `valdebulebiTi samarTali~, Tbilisi 1999 weli, gamomcemloba `samarTali~, gv.55 62 ix.sk-is 405-e muxlis meore nawilis ~a~ qvepunqti. 63 ix.sk-is 51-e muxli. 63. ix. h.biolingi, p.lutringhausi, l.SatberaSvili saqarTvelos sk-is calkeuli moTxovnis safuZvlebis sistemuri analizi Tbilisi, 2005 weli gv.32.

kazusis mixedviT ar arsebobs garemoebebi, romlebic gamoricxaven

à-s~ uflebas uari Tqvas xelSekrulebaze, rac gaTvaliswinebulia sk-is 405-e muxlis mesame nawiliT da 357-e, 358-e muxlebiT. Sualeduri Sedegi: amrigad, à~ sk-is 352-e da 405-e muxlis pirveli nawilis safuZvelze uflebamosilia uari Tqvas

xelSekrulebaze da moiTxovos `b-sgan~ 80 000 aSS dolaris (mis mier gadaxdili Tanxis) da sargeblis 16 000 aSS dolaris dabruneba.

2. moTxovnis Sewyveta kazusis fabula ar Seicavs moTxovnis Semwyvet garemoebebze miTiTebas.

ramdenad axdens gavlenas à-s~ uflebaze uari Tqvas

xelSekrulebaze, `b-s~ mier SesagebelSi miTiTebuli garemoebebi imis

Sesaxeb, rom xelSekrulebisOMstandartuli pirobiT à-s~ xelSekrulebaze uaris ufleba aqvs mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi

kompanias SesTavazebs binis gadaxdisunarian sxva myidvels65 da an is,

rom mas vadis gadacilebaSi brali ar miuZRvis, radganac armatura da

sxva samSeneblo masalebi momwodeblisgan dadgenil vadaSi ver miiRo,

rac ganapiroba iman rom bankma droulad ar gamouyo krediti

masalebis SesaZenad?

a. rasakvirvelia, monawileebs SeuZliaT gamoiyenon xelSekrulebis Sinaarsis gansazRvris Tavisuflebis principi da urTierTSeTanxmebiT kanonisagan gansxvavebulad moawesrigon xelSekrulebidan gasvlis safuZvlebi da am uflebis ganxorcielebis pirobebi. MmaT aseve, SeuZliaT SezRudon an saerTod gamoricxon am uflebis gamoyeneba. 66 magram xelSekrulebaSi Setanili movalis pasuxismgeblobis gamomricxavi an SemzRudveli amgvari debulebebi, yovelTvis ar aris namdvili. mxedvelobaSia, mewarme subieqtebis mier saxelSekrulebo

riskebis 67 klientebze gadatanis mizniT aramarTlzomieri

daTqmebis Setana xelSekrulebebSi. isini moqnilad iyeneben

TavianT sabazro Zalauflebas, klientebis gamoucdelobas da

65 Cvens sinamdvileSi arc Tu iSv iaTia amgvari daTqmebis gamoyeneba xelSekru lebebSi mewarme subieqtebis mier

fizikuri pirebis mimarT. 66 magaliTad sk-is 497-e muxlis danawesis Tanaxmad, Tu gamyidveli ganzrax ar dums nivTis naklis gamo,

xelSekrulebiT SeiZleba SeizRudos an gamoiricxos gamyidvelis pasuxismgebloba naklis mqone nivTis gayidvisas. 67 konrat cvaigerti, hain kotci `SedarebiTi samarTalmcodneobis Sesavali kerZo samarTlis sferoSi~, Targmani

ekaterine sumbaTaSvilis, Tbilisi 2001 weli , gamomcemloba jisiai, tomi II, gv.18-19

aiZuleben maT daeTanxmon winaswar Sedgenil standartul

pirobebs. sk-is 342-e muxlis pirveli nawili xelSekrulebis

standartul pirobad miiCnevs debulebas, romelic winaswar aris

Camoyalibebuli da gamiznulia mravali xelSekrulebis dasadebad.

yovel SemTxvevaSi, mocemuli kazusis mixedviT am debulebis

SemuSavebaSi à-s~ monawileoba ar miuRia. marTalia, mas hqonda

SesaZlebloba gacnoboda mis Sinaarss da daeTanxma kidec, magram

es sulac ar niSnavs imas, rom es debuleba upirobod namdvilia

da ar saWiroebs Semowmebas. sk-is 347-e da 348-e muxlebi adgenen im

standartuli debulebebis baTilobas. romlebsac SemTavazebeli

iyenebs im fizikuri pirebis mimarT, romlebic ar misdeven

samewarmeo saqmianobas. mocemul SemTxvevaSi, radganac

xelSekrulebidan gamsvleli mxare, à~, fizikuri piria, sk-is 348-e

muxlis `z~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad baTilia xelSekrulebis is

debuleba, romliTac izRudeba misi ufleba uari Tqvas

xelSekrulebaze ̀ b-s~ mier ZiriTadi valdebulebis darRvevisas.

b. rac Seexeba `b-s~ mtkicebas imis Taobaze, rom mas brali ar miuZRvis valdebulebis darRvevaSi, radganac armatura da sxva samSeneblo masalebi momwodeblisgan dadgenil vadaSi ver miiRo, rac ganapiroba iman rom bankma droulad ar gamouyo krediti masalebis SesaZenad, samarTlebriv suraTs ver Secvlis, radganac, sk-is 397-e muxlis Tanaxmad, `b~ pasuximgebelia SesrulebisaTvis maSinac, roca Sesrulebis sagani sxva pirisagan unda mieRo da ver miiRo, Tuki xelSekrulebidan an sxva garemoebebidan sxva ram ar gamomdinareobs.

3. moTxovnis ganxorcielebadoba


mudmivad aferxeben moTxovnis ganxorcielebas.68

Sualeduri Sedegi: à~ sk-is 352-e da 405-e muxlis pirveli nawilis

safuZvelze uflebamosilia uari Tqvas xelSekrulebaze da moiTxovos

`b-sgan~ 80 000 aSS dolaris (mis mier gadaxdili Tanxis) da sargeblis

16 000 aSS dolaris dabruneba. mocemul SemTxvevaSi sargeblis

gansazRvrisas mxedvelobaSi unda iqnas miRebuli is Semosavali,

romelic `b-m~ miiRo à-s~ mier gadaxdili 80 000 aSS dolaris

68 xelSekrulebaze gasvlis (uaris) ufleba aRmWurveli uflebaa da masze ar vrceldeba xandazmuloba.

gamoyenebiT. man unda gadauxados à-s~ sabanko urTierTobebSi

anabrebisaTvis dadgenili wliuri saprocento ganakveTis 10%-is

gaTvaliswinebiT 24 Tvis sargebeli _ 16 000 aSS dolari.

II. à-s~ moTxovna `b-s~ mimarT xelSekrulebaze uaris gamo zianis anazRaurebis Taobaze.

moTxovna SeiZleba gamomdinareobdes sk-is 407-e muxlis danawesidan.

1. moTxovnis warmoSoba

moTxovnis warmoSobisaTvis aucilebeli wanamZRvrebi:

a) xelSekrulebidan gasvlis (uaris) safuZvlebis arseboba

(iz.zemoT +).

b) `b-s~ braleuli da marTlsawinaaRmdego moqmedebis Sedegad à-

sTvis~ zianis miyeneba:

_ `b-s~marTlsawinaaRmdego, anu aramarTlzomieri moqmedeba (+).

`b-s~ moqmedebas marTlsawinaaRmdego xasiaTs aniWebs is, rom man

daarRvia nardobis xelSekrulebidan gamomdinare à-s~ relatiuri

uflebebi _ar auSena SeTanxmebul vadaSi sacxovrebeli bina da ar

gadasca masze sakuTrebis ufleba _ Sesabamisad, man amiT xelyo

sxvisi samarTlebrivi sikeTe, risTvisac man unda agos pasuxi.

_ zianis arseboba.

à-~ 2009 wlis oqtombridan, im droidan, rodesac mas unda

gadacemoda xelSekrulebis sagani, agrZelebda binis daqiravebas da

yovelTviurad ixdida 600 aSS dolars TveSi, rac warmoadgens

zians, radganac rom ara `b-s~ mier saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis

darRveva, à~ ar gaxdeboda iZulebuli gaegrZelebina qiriT

cxovreba.

Sesabamisad, ziani romelic xelSekrulebis SeusruleblobiT à-

s~ miadga, samarTlebrivad mniSvnelovani 69 da daculia 70 da unda

aanazRauros `b-m~.

_ mizezobrivi kavSiri (+)

sk-is 412-e muxlis danawesis mixedviT anazRaurebas eqvemdebareba

mxolod is ziani, romelic warmoadgens zianis gamomwvevi

69 samarTlebrivad mniSvnelovnad ar CaiTvleba ziani, romelic damaxasiaTebelia samoqalaqo brunvisaTvis, e.w.

monawileTa saxelSekrulebo riskebi. 70 b.zoiZe, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni mesame, gamomcemloba `samarTali~, Tbilisi 2001,

gv.366

moqmedebis uSualo Sedegs. amasTan, ziani `b-saTvis~ winaswar,

xelSekrulebis dadebis droisaTvis 71 savaraudo unda yofiliyo.

amrigad, rom ara `b-s~ mier nakisri valdebulebis darRveva, `a~

qiris saxiT ar gadaixdida 12 000 aSS dolars da Sesabamisad, ar

dadgeboda zianic, anu saxezea pirdapiri mizezobrivi kavSiri `b-s~

mier saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis darRvevasa da damdgar zians

Soris.72

_ `b-s~ brali zianis miyenebaSi (+)

Cven davadgineT, rom `b-s~ moqmedeba marTlsawinaaRmdegoa, es ki

imas niSnavs, rom misi moqmedeba braleulicaa, radganac mis qmedebaSi

ar arsebobs saqmiani brunvisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Cveuli

yuradRebianobisa da gonivruli windaxedulobis xarisxi 73 . mocemul

SemTxvevaSi is garemoeba, rom `b-m~ armatura da sxva samSeneblo

masalebi momwodeblisgan dadgenil vadaSi ver miiRo, bankis mier

kreditis droulad gamouyoflobis gamo, samarTlebrivad Sedegis

momtani ver iqneba, radganac, sk-is 397-e muxlis Tanaxmad, `b~

pasuximgebelia SesrulebisaTvis maSinac, roca Sesrulebis sagani sxva

pirisagan unda mieRo da ver miiRo, Tuki xelSekrulebidan an sxva

garemoebebidan sxva ram ar gamomdinareobs.

2. moTxovnis Sewyveta kazusis fabula ar Seicavs moTxovnis Semwyvet garemoebebze miTiTebas. 3. moTxovnis ganxorcielebadoba


mudmivad aferxeben moTxovnis ganxorcielebas.

71 71 b.zoiZe, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni mesame, gamomcemloba `samarTali~, Tbilisi

2001, gv.465 72 zogierT samarTlebriv sistemaSi am TvalsazrisiT `aucilebeli pirobis~ Teoria arsebobs, romlis Tanaxmadac

nebismieri piroba damdgari Sedegis mizezia, Tuki ig i isea dakavSirebuli am SedegTan, rom misi ararsebobis

SemTxvevaSi es Sedegi ar dadgeboda. iqve. gv.369 73 konrat cvaigerti, hain kotci `SedarebiTi samarTalmcodneobis Sesavali kerZo samarTlis sferoSi~, Targmani

ekaterine sumbaTaSvilis, Tbilisi 2001 weli , gamomcemloba jisiai, tomi II, gv.180.

saboloo Sedegi: sk-is 352-e muxlis pirveli nawilis, 405-e muxlis

pirveli nawilisa da 407-e muxlis safuZvelze `a-s~ SeZlia `b-sgan~

moiTxovos mis mier am ukanasknelisaTvis (kompaniisaTvis)

gadaxdili 80 000 aSS dolaris, miRebuli sargeblis 16 000 aSS

dolarisa da miyenebuli zianis 12 000 aSS dolaris (mis mier

gadaxdili qiris) gadaxda.

i. xelsekrulebis miznis secvla (uari, gasvla), rogorc ... · pdf filei. xelsekrulebis miznis...

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