if?) Has the smell of....,.:;..:~/

something ever made youthink of a spring day? Dosome scents make youhappy? Do others relaxyou?

"'2'. Believe it or not, scentsi"jcan change the way aperson feels. Each dayscientists learn more aboutthis. They have people sniffdifferent odors. Then theyask what each smell ~--------reminds them of or how it makes them feel. Now scientists aretrying different scents to make people feel better.

3) Scientists now understand what certain odors do. One thingthey know is that lemons remind people of things that are freshand clean. So people who make cleaners and soaps for the homeoften put lemon scent in them.

'4 The smell of vanilla helps people relax. Its scent may bepiped into the air in hospitals. A peppermint scent keeps peopleawake. This may be used in office buildings. People need to besharp when they're working. Cinnamon and apple smellsremind many people of their homes. Some stores put thesescents in the air to make people comfortable. That way they'llwant to buy something.

, 5) And why shouldn't smells make you feel good? When itcomes to scents, the nose knows'!

Circle the right answer for questions 1-5. Write your~"''''\answer to question 6 on a blank piece of paper,

3. Which paragraph tells how scientists learn about odors?A 1 c 3B 2 D 4

. 4. The smell 01, peppermint helps people stay __A homeB cleanC awakeD relaxed

5. The article does not say, but you can decide that cinnamon and appleremind people of their homes because __A cooking goes on thereB cleaning goes on thereC they smell like a hospitalD all homes smell like cinnamon

. "~ What is your favorite smell? What does it remind you of? How does it~l1?:ake you feel?

·'5'P \\ t:z> J

Mary Eliza Mahoney wasborn in 1845. She alwayswanted to bea nurse. Itwas hard for her to find anursing school, though.Nurses' training had justgotten started. And therewere no African Americannurses. Finally, a Bostonschool let Mary Eliza in.

Mary Eliza worked hardin nursing school. She was ~- _one of the best in her class. ~~She wanted to be a good nurse. Mary Eliza also wanted to set an.example. Then other African Americans would be able to trainas nurses. Her idea worked. Soon five more black women gotinto nursing school.

In 1879, Mary Eliza finished school. It should have been easyfor her to get a job in a hospital. But it wasn't. In those days,hospitals wouldn't hire African American nurses. Instead, MaryEliza worked as a nurse in people's homes. She also helped starta special group. They fought for jobs and fair pay for blacknurses. Today, thousands of African Americans are hospitalnurses. In a way, they have their jobs because of Mary ElizaMahoney.

-------------- ---Circle the right answer for questions 1-5. Writ~ your ~.answer to question 6 on a blank piece of paper. -,

10 The article does not tell about __A Mary Eliza's careerB African American women

c doctorsD nursing school

2. Which word in paragraph 3 means "work to do"?A job (: .schoolB nurse D hospital

3. What happened last in the life of Mary Eliza Mahoney?A She finished nursing school.B Black nurses were hired in hospitals.C She worked as a nurse in people's homes.D Five other black women got into nursing school.

Write a list of words that you think tell what kind.of person MaryEliza Mahoney was. .

~'. Mary Eliza worked as a nurse in people's homes because __fA the pay was betterB she did not finish school( hospitals would not hire herD there were no hospitals near her

5. Train can have the following meanings. Mark the meaning usedin paragraph 2.A become something by studying and practicingB group of railroad cars pulled by an engineC direct the growth of somethingD make prepared for a test

Early settlers in Americagrew angry with a small,fat animal. It looked like asquirrel with a short tail.The animal dug up theirfields and hurt their plants.Native Americans hadnamed this animal "thedigger." The settlers called itthe groundhog.

The groundhog digs upfields to make a home forits winter sleep. It chooses asandy place where the rainwater dries up quickly. Then it digs atunnel with several rooms. These rooms are higher than thetunnel. Even if water runs into the tunnel, the rooms stay dry.

'--------

Groundhog holes always have two entrances. Some havemore. The front entrance is wide and ringed with earth. Agroundhog can jump in quickly if it has to. The back "door" ishidden in grass. It may be as for as 30 feet from the frontentrance.

Other animals like the plan of the groundhog home. Oneman watched a groundhog's home over the winter. He foundthat the hole was also used by a rabbit, a skunk, a raccoon, anda family of faxes.

Orde the right answer for questions 1-5. Write yom .answer to question 6 on a blank piece of paper,

I. The article does not tell about the __ ofa groundhog.A tailB color

(: homeIt) digging

,2. Which word in paragraph 3 means "way to get in"?A holes C backl8 front 1D)entrance

3t Which paragraph tells which other unimeris may use the groundhog'shome?A 1iBl 2

( 3~ 4

4}. The groundhog digs rooms higher than the tunnel so it can __A stay dryB trap faxes( jump in quicklyD hide from faxes

5). The article does not say, but you can decide that a groundhog makestwo entrances __fA to let in air~ to let in water(; so other animals can get in

so it won't get trapped inside

Farmers have tried many things to keep groundhogs from digging uptheir fields. Nothing seems to work. What do you think might work?

,.,

(~!) Some women in Japanhave unusual jobs. Theyare pearl divers. They diveto the bottom of the sea foroysters. The pearls areinside t!?:~oysters' shells.These women are calledama. This means "womenof the sea" in Japanese.Their mothers andgrandmothers were diversbefore them. Some umudive in shallow water. They ~are kachido. That means "walking people." Others go out to seain boats. They dive in deeper water. These women are funado.That means "ship people."

:I,~) Ama use just a few tools when they dive. They carry knives tocut the oysters from the rocks. Ama wear goggles over their eyes.They tie stones around themselves to make their bodies heavy.And they have a rope lifeline tied around them. But the ama donot have tanks of air. These women hold their breath under thewater. Each time they dive, they stay down for a full minute.Then they tug on their lifelines, and someone pulls them up.Ama may dive 100 times each day.

3 The ama have been diving for about 2,000 years. But nowcity jobs look better than diving jobs to many young girls. Theymay not follow their mothers into the sea. This ancient jobmight come to an end.

-----'"

Cirde the right answer for questions 1=5. Write your .answer to question 6 on a blank piece of paper,

I. The funado dive __Ii in deeper waterlB in shallow waterC 2,000 times a dayD for buried treasure

20 \t~ich word in paragraph 2 means "pull hard"?A carry c cutB dive II) tug

\\

\\

\~o Tohelp them sink to the bottom of the sea, ama __

A tie stones around themselvesrB take deep breaths(. pull on a ropeD wear goggles

41-0 The article does not say, but you can decide that __/A ama don't allow men to help them1m ama can't swim wellC most umu are heavy~ ama have a hard job

~o Over can have the following meanings. Mark the meaning usedin paragraph 2.A endedB larger than

(on top of~ above

~._What do you think you'd have to do to train to be an ornu?

"\.' ~.)\ .. ;a,'\",,,.-/'

The snake charmer from Indiaplays his flute. A cobra risesslowly from its basket. Peoplestand back from the poisonoussnake. The snake charmer keepsplaying. His body 'moves backand forth. The snake moves withhim. It seems to dance to themusic. Does the music have thepower to tame this dangerousanimal?

This is all an act. And it's notas dangerous as it looks. For onething, the snake's poison has beenremoved. The snake can't hear,either. So it isn't really dancing.The music is just to please the people watching the trick. ~",

The snake would just as soon nap in its basket. With the flute,the charmer blows air onto the snake's back. This makes theanimal rise. The snake thinks the flute might be an enemy. So itwatches the flute and moves with it. But the charmer must keepthe snake moving. He can't let it lose interest. If it does, it willsink back into its basket. Also, the charmer must not frightenthe snake or it will try to get away.

The snake charmer's power over the snake doesn't come fromhis music. It comes from what he knows about snakes.

Cin:le the right answer for questions 1-5. Write your-·answer to question 6 on a blank piece of paper.

1. The snake moves back and forth because it __A. gets scaredB seeks the lightc likes the musicD follows the flute

20 Which word in paragraph 1means "not wild"?A. flute C tameB forth D power

~o Which paragraph tells why the snake isn't dangerous?Ale 38 2 D 4

4t. The snake will sink back into its basket if it __fA. gets hungryB loses interest(: sees the fluteD gets frightened

§. Sink can have the following meanings. Mark the meaning usedin paragraph 3.fA. something to hold in water~ slope graduallyc grow weakerD fall slowly

Which wild animal would you choose to have power over? Why?