ia- metalworks lm grade 7 & 8 p&d

8/22/2019 Ia- Metalworks Lm Grade 7 & 8 p&d

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Table of Contents

LEARNING MATERIALS

METALWORKS


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CONTENTS PAGE

INTRODUCTION---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3

OBJECTIVES OF THIS MODULE----------------------------------------------------------- 3

LEARNING GOALS/TARGETS---------------------------------------------------------------3

LESSON I. USE OF BASIC HAND TOOLS ANDEQUIPMENT-------------------------------------------------------------- 4

1. Classify Hand Tools and Equipment2. Uses of Hand Tools and Equipment3. Maintenance of Basic Hand Tools

LESSON II. PERFORM BASIC MENSURATIONAND CALCULATION------------------------------------------------------ 32

1. Applying Measurement System2. Convert English Units of Measurement

to Metric System3. Perform Basic Ratio and Proportion,

Area and Volume Calculations

LESSON III. APPLY SAFETY PRACTICES-------------------------------------------- 401. Identifying Hazardous Area2. Use of Personal Protective

Clothing and Devices3. Perform Safe Handling of Tools,

Equipment and Materials

LESSON IV. INTERPRET PLANS AND DRAWINGS----------------------------- 561. Alphabet of Lines2. Welding Symbols

3. Meaning and Uses of Welding Symbols4. Job Plan in Metal Works5. Sample Project Estimate

GRASPS TASK DESIGN PROMPTS---------------------------------------------------- 67PERFORMANCE RUBRICS---------------------------------------------------------------- 68SUMMARY---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 69GLOSSARY-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 70RESOURCES----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 72REFERENCES--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 72

TABLE OF CONTENTS


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INTRODUCTION

Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) is one of the subjects being

taught in secondary education. It is aimed at giving lifelong skills to the learners. It

has four components namely Agri-fishery Arts, Home Economics, Industrial Arts andInformation Communications Technology. This module covers one of the mini

courses being offered in Industrial Arts- Metal Works with emphasis on Shielded

Metal Arc Welding (SMAW).

This module is designed for the grade 7 and 8 learners. It will identify their

prior knowledge, test their understanding and learn concepts and skills for them to

be able to do self evaluation. The learner will be challenged to come out as a better

person in their daily lives.

PECs Environment and Market will be taken up for 10 days while the Processand Delivery will cover the concept on shielded metal arc welding for 35 days. Thebasic exploratory course and activities in this module can be of great help in meetingthe standard in the Exploratory Phase of Shielded Metal Arc Welding.

Objectives

At the end of this module, you, as a learner, are expected to:

gain knowledge of the common competencies in metalworks (SMAW)

produce quality, marketable and profitable products/services on existingprocedures and techniques in metalworks (SMAW)

Learning Goals /Targets

Fill out this portion based on what you have read about the characteristics of anentrepreneur. Write the appropriate word/s in the blank that are suited to yourpersonal goals. Focus your goals in learning metal arc welding.

Now that you have an idea of the coverage of this module, set your learninggoal in terms of what you want to attain at the end of your lessons in Metalworks.Next, specify this in terms of the following:

Goal: ____________________________________________

Targets: a. What I want to know: _________________________b. What I want to be able to do: ___________________c. What I want to understand: _____________________d. What I want to produce or understand: _____________

Start writing your own learning goals/targets in your notebook based on the

stated objectives.


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A. Pre-Test 1. Matching TypeDirection: Match column A with column B. Write only the letter ofthe correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.

COLUMN A COLUMN B1. A measuring tool used to measure a. Bench Rule/Ruler

square of an object. b. Cold Chisel2. Tools used for measuring or setting c. Try Square

of distances, and to lay out arcs and circles. d. Flat File3. It is rectangular in shape and tampered e. Divider

slightly in width and thickness and it is f. Push-Pull Rule

commonly used files for general work.4. It is used for chipping flat surfaces, cutting

rivets or metal fasteners, thin sheets, smallbars, and for general purposes.

5. The most common tool used in tool room. Itis made of tempered steel about 1/8 inch thickand wide and 6 to 12 inches long.

LESSON 1

Use of Basic Hand Tools and

Equipment

Activating Prior Knowledge

What do you know about the selection and classification of tools andequipment? Take this test in order to determine yourunderstanding.

LEARNING OUTCOMESAt the end of the lesson, you are expected to be familiar with thefollowing:

1. Classification of hand tools and equipment;2. Uses of hand tools and equipment; and

3. Maintenance of basic hand tools.


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B. Multiple Choice

Directions: Choose the letter of the word being described in each item. Write youranswers on a sheet of paper.1. A tooth cutting tool usually with the solid and adjustable frame.

A. Hacksaw C. Cross Cut SawB. Chisel D. Rip Saw

2. Tool used for loosening and tightening light and heavy nuts and bolts.A. Hacksaw C. HammerB. Screw driver D. Wrench

3. This tool is used to tighten and loosen screws by pushing or pulling screws in arotating manner.

A. Pliers C. CalipersB. Screw driver D. Wrench

1. 1. Classification of Hand Tools in weldingThis lesson is about the proper identification and classification of hand

tools. It covers the proper usage and its basic characteristics.

KNOW

Hand tools are classified into four:

1. Measuring tools2. Cutting tools3. Driving tools and4. Holding tools

1. 2. Uses of Hand Tools

To guide you in identifying common hand tools and their uses, picture andillustration are provided for your.

a. Pull-push rule. This flexible rule when extended will support itself, butmay also be used to measure curved, irregular surfaces. The Steel tape

rule blade is usually inch wide and 72 inches long. The graduation is

Think about this.

2. MEASURING TOOLS


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sixteenths of an inch, except for the first 6 inches which are graduated inthirty-seconds of an inch.

b. Steel tape is similar to a steel tape rule except for its flexible number offeet that are marked on the tape. The tape is 3/8 inch wide and availablein 25 to 100 feet length.

c. Steel rule. This is the most common tool used in the tool room. It is madeof tampered steel about 1/8 inch thick and inch wide and 6 to 12 incheslong. The same style maybe obtained from 1 to 48 inches in length.


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d. Try square is an instrument used to measure and test the squareness ofan object.

e. Combination square. It is a measuring instrument combined with 45,

90 and a protractor.

f. Micrometer calliperIs a precision measuring instrument used to measuredimensions in thousandths of an inch.


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g. Vernier caliper is a precision measuring instrument used to measure theinside, outside diameter, as well as depth of hole and slot.

h.Dividers. These are used for measuring or setting of distances, and to lay

out arcs and circles.

i. Bench Rule/Ruler. It is the most common tool in the tool room and it ismade of tempered steel about 1/8 thick , wide and 6-18 inches long.

A. Hacksaw is a tooth cutting tool usually with a solid and adjustable frame.The main parts arehandles, blade, tightening screw and nuts. The tool ismainly used in cutting metals like plates, pipes, rods, bars, angular, etc.but of minimal thickness, width and length. Sometimes this tool is used for

cutting plastic pipes and other materials that suits its purpose.

1. CUTTING TOOLS


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a.1 Frame. It is the main body of the hacksaw which holds the blade.The different types of frames are the following:

a.1.1. Fixed or solid frames are intended to hold only one size of

blade of about 10 inches long.

a.1.2 Adjustable frame is a frame that can be adjusted to hold

blades of different sizes such as 10, 12 and 14 inches in length.

a.2 Blade. It is made of thin, high grade steel usually 1.27 mm thickand 30.48cm long with an inclined row of teeth serving as cutter.

The two types of blades are:a.2.1 All hardIn this type, the entire blade is hardened andtempered,making it very brittle. Use this type in cutting steel andcast iron.


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a.2.2. Flexible back. In this type, only the teeth portion ishardened and tempered, making the blade springy and lesslikely to break.

The following are the recommended teeth-per-inch of blades for

different kinds of stocks to be cut:a. 14 teeth-per-inch. It is used for brass, aluminum, cast iron and softiron.b.18 teeth-per-inch. It is used for drill rods, mild steel, tool steel andgeneral work

c. 24 teeth-per-inch. It is recommended for thin tubings and pipes.

B. Files aremade of high grade steel which are hardened and tempered.Each file has rows of teeth that form, shape and finish metal by removingsmall chips and smoothing rough edges of the metal surface. They differ inlength, shape, cut and coarseness.

Kinds of files:1. Mill file is a single-cut file used for filing and finishing brass and bronze.

2. Flat file is usually rectangular in shape and tapered slightly in width andthickness. It is one of the most commonly used files for general work.


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3.Square file is intended for filing square or rectangular holes.

4.Round file is used primarily for enlarging holes.

5. Half-round file is used for filing curved or concave surfaces.

6. Triangular file is used for filing surfaces that meet at least 90. It isexclusively used for sharpening wood saws and for smoothening rectangularopening. It is also known as a three square file.


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C. Cold chisel.A wedge-shaped tool used to shear, cut, and chip metalTypes of cold chisel and their particular functions:

1. Flat chiselis used for chipping flat surfaces; cutting off rivets or metalfasteners, thinsheets, and small bars; and for general purposes. Its cutting

edge ranges from 13 to25mm.

2. Cape chiselhas a narrow edge suited for cutting narrow grooves or slots.

3. Diamond-point chisel has a diamond-shaped cutting edge intended tocut V grooves

4.Round-nose chiselhas a round nose cutting edge for cutting round andsemi-Circular grooves.

d. Scraperis used in removing points, burrs and sharp edges from metalsurfaces and similar parts. This tool is made of hardened steel of variousshapes that fit according to each purpose. There are bearing scrapes, flat,sharper, three-connected scraper.

Below are types of scrapers and their uses:

1. For the removal of the high spots on metal surface.


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2. For scraping the surface of cylindrical bearing when fitting shafts intoplace.

3. For the removal of burrs and sharp internal edges from soft brushing andsimilar parts.

e. Punches are used for permanent markings on the surface of metals.

Kinds and uses of punches

1.Prick punchA small center punch which is also known as a layoutpuncher. Its point is placed at an angle of 30 degrees.


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2. Center punch has one end guard to a 90 degrees conical point.

a. Hammers

a.1. Ball peen hammer is used for straightening bending and deformingmetals. It has two faces. One is flat used in striking cold chisels and punches.The other side, the peen, is rounded for bending and shaping metals. A Ballpeen hammer generally has a wood or fiberglass handle measuring 10-16inches long. The Head weight ranges from 2-48 oz. A 20 oz hammer is goodfor general purpose.

a.2. Chipping hammer is used for removing slag on weld. It has two faces,on one side and round pointed on the other side.

3. DRIVING TOOLS


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b. Wrench

It is used for loosening and tightening light and heavy nuts and bolts.There are different kinds and sizes of wrenches designed according to usesand functions.

b.1. An adjustable wrench has a movable jaw which is adjustable tofit various sizes of nuts.

b.2 A heavy type of adjustable wrench is the monkey/pipe wrench.

b.3 Oxy acetylene wrench- A type of wrench used for tightening hoseand fitting connection on oxy-acetylene unit.

b.4 An open-ended wrench is a multiple gauged wrench that is madeto fit one size of nut or bolt. This is the most inexpensive type ofwrench and is quite efficient in ordinary situations.


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Single ended

Double -ended

b.5 A closed-end wrench is similar to a single ended wrench, but as itentirely encloses a nut, there is a little danger of the wrenchslipping off the nut or the jaws spreading apart.

Single-ended

Double-ended

b.6 Socket wrench is a tool with a usually interchangeable socket to fitover a nut or bolt.


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c.Screwdriveris hand tool that is designed to turn screws. The blade ismade of steel attached to one end of a wooden or plastic handle. Theother end is flattened to fit slots in the heads of screws on bolts. Theother kinds of screw drivers are called a Phillips screw driver andhelical-ratchet screw driver.

Phillips Flattened Helical-ratchet

Philips

Flattened

Hellical ratche

A. Clamps are made of different sizes and appearance that are fitted to itspurpose. These devices have been designed to hold work pieces securelywhile performing the following operations like grinding, bending, fitting andcutting of metals. Some types of clamps and metal vises are:

a.1. Tool maker clamp is used for holding small parts both at thebench and at the machine. This tool is also known as a parallel clamp.

4. HOLDING TOOLS


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a.2 C-Clamp is an all-purpose clamp that is generally used for allkinds of work.

a.3 Drill vise is a sturdy steel vise with movable jaws that easily goesback or forth by raising the handle.

a.4 Machinist vise is a work holding tool for machining activity.


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a.5 Handvise V block with clamp is used to hold metal stocksfor small machining operations.

a.6 Vise Grip is a tool used to grip the stock tightly enough tohold the object.

a.7. Tong is used to hold the metal to be forged and must beheld securely while working.

a.8 Pliers are used for holding, cutting and twisting wires.

Slip joint pliers/ Combination Pliers

Mechanical Pliers


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Long Nose PliersSide Cutting Pliers

PROCESS

1.3. Maintenance of Hand Tools

1. lubricating2. tightening/ loosening3. sharpening

4. simple repair5. cleaning

Maintenance of hand tools and machines are both concerns of arepair technician in the welding shops and/or in the welding production.The activities should be on schedule and with proper coordination withthe production people. The terms repair and maintenance workmean differently. Repair, usually focuses on the program of works donein the operation of power plants in machines that are in trouble ofstopping its function. While the term maintenance means ascheduled or a planned visit of tools or equipment for inspection and

from there, reports and recommendations are developed and the nexttasks to be decided such as cleaning, application of lubricants,dismantling and others. Some of the simple maintenance activities forhand tools, and the maintenance schedule should be posted in avisible corner of the shop where everybody can read it.

Lubricating. A task performed in the shop/production through theapplication of lubricant to the identified parts of barrels, rollers, springs,bearing,bolts and nuts, and other automotive parts.

Tightening/Loosening. In an assembly of structures, we have tools

for fittings that need to be tightened and loosened so that they do notpose risks to safety. The proper procedures in loosening /tightening


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bolts and nuts and other fittings should be followed in order to maintainits thread.

Tool for hand Sharpening. Some tools need to be sharpened such asblades of knife, cold chisel, punches and many others. To do handsharpening for hand tools requires techniques and application. In somemulti knives or cutters, manufacturers produce knife sharpening systemto hold or clamp the blade for ensuring strong blade to stone contactduring sharpening and also provided with course to fine honing stones.For cold chisels and punches, the right file-size and grades are usedfor repairing the defective anvil curve.

Simple Repair. Repair practices of hand tools should be availableanytime. A regular or annual check-up of the hand tools should be

made in order to detect the condemnable and replaceable units.

Cleaning. This is a simple process that can be applied to hand tools.The removal of dents/marks and the application of oils should beperformed for the convenience of handling and maintenance of toolsand equipment.

Remember this: There are Four Safety Implementation for ProperStorage of Hand Tools/Equipment

Clearly label machinery, equipment, part, jigs, tools, and their locations,so that everything is understandable, and visible to everyone at aglance.

Dont pile up jigs, tools, and materials without separators (shelves).They should be picked up and stored.

Rearrange machinery and equipment to make smooth production flow,when necessary.

Maintain the space around the fire extinguishers and evacuationpassages free.


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Self-Check 1. How much have you learned?

Directions: Identify the hand tools to the picture in Column B by connecting

them with an arrow.

A B

1. Phillips screw

2. Box wrench

3.Scraper

4.Square file

5.C-clamp6.Steel tape

7.Cold chisel

8.Machinist vise

9.Ball peen hammer

10.Hand vise

11.Open- ended

wrench

12.Hack saw

13.Steel rule

14.Helical-ratchet

screw driver

15.Chipping hammer


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SelfCheck 2. Multiple Choice

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Use a separate sheet ofpaper for your answers.1. Process applied to hand tools to extend its life span.

A. CleaningB. Simple repairC. LubricatingD. Overhauling

2. It is a task performed in the shop through the application of lubricantsubstance to the identified parts of barrels, rollers, springs, bearing, boltsand nuts and other automotive parts to lessen friction.

A. Cleaning

B. Simple repairC. LubricatingD. Overhauling

3. Which among the following practices is applied when a bench vise isresting or malfunctioning?


4. The best remedy in handling a broken ball peen hammer isA. Cleaning

B. Simple repairC. LubricatingD. Overhauling

5. After using the hacksaw, what maintenance activity should be the best stepto be followed?


Lesson 1. 3.1 Defective and Non-defective Hand Tools

There are many ways of identifying hand tools. One of these is toidentify them according to their function. However, awareness of defectiveand non-defective hand tools is a concern of workers/welders to be effectivein their jobs.

Below are the recommended practices to identify defective and non-defective hand tools.


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a. Visual inspectionDefective tools can easily be distinguished from the functional ones

through visual inspection. The physical appearance of tools will describe suchcharacteristics as dullness, sharpness, dismantled parts, and uneven teeth ofthe cutting tools.

2. FunctionalityAnother way is to check the quality of the manufactured tools. Is it

already susceptible to wear and tear? Has it already exceeded its service life?Has it passed the manufacturers quality control test? A few pieces of thehand tools issued in the shop can be subjected for condemnation and nolonger serviceable. Some hand tools issued for years in shops and few piecesof these can be subjected for condemnation.

3. Performance:Performance of hand tools is determined not only during the actual use but

also after use to find out whether the hand tools are still worth using.

3. Service spanHand tools are issued to a shop teacher at one time. However, this must

be recorded to determine when it was received and how long the tools havebeen kept in the shop. A hand tool which is too old is unsafe for both thestudents and workers. Such tool should be marked defective and segregatedfrom the good ones.

Activity 1. Listing of defective and Non-defective Hand Tools and Equipmentin the Shop

Name of Hand Tools andEquipment

Descriptive Status

Defective Non-Defective


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Self-Check 1.2

Direction: Choose the letter of the word/s that best complete each statementbelow.

1. Defective hand tools are kept and ___________.A) marked as defectiveB) mixed together with non-defective toolsC) put anywhere in the shopD) sold in the junk shop

2. One way of checking whether hand tools are defective or non-defectivethe___________.

I. length of service

II. trade mark of the manufacturerIII.. physical appearance

A. 1 only C. 111 onlyB. 11 only D. 1, 11, and 111

3. Which is determined after the operation of a hand tool is tested ?A. Service spanB. PerformanceC. Physical appearanceD. Repair Maintenance

4. All defective hand tools with major defects are subject to _________.I. RepairII. CondemnationIII. Display/sample

A. 1 only C. 111 onlyB. 11 only D. 1, 11, and 111

5. Service span of a tool pertains to _________.A) maintenance scheduleB) determining when the tool is acquiredC) functionality of a toolD) defectiveness of a tool

WHAT DO YOU NEED TO KNOW?


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LESSON1.3 2. Procedures in Mounting Blade to the Metal Frame

1. Select the correct type of blade.2. Attach the blade to the frame by pointing the teeth away from the handle.3. Tighten the wing nut of the handle until the blade is tight enough.

Safety Measures:Tighten the wing nut securely enough to prevent from buckling and breaking.

What you should do in Fixing Stock in Metal Vise and Operation

Position?1. Fasten the stock in vise with lay-out line as close as possible to the end ofthe used vise jaws.

2. Stand with your feet 25 to 30 centimeters apart and one foot forward.3. Lean the body a little forward as shown in the drawing.


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Lesson 1.3.3. Steps in Sawing the Stock

1. Start the saw by guiding the blade with the thumb of your left hand whiletaking one or two light strokes with your right hand.2. Move the saw with a light steady and even motion of about 40 to 50 strokesper minute.3. Apply pressure during the forward stroke and release during the returnstrokes.4. Hold the stock with your left hand to avoid cuts upon sawing with your righthand

Lesson 1.3.4. Steps in Bending 90 with a Ball Peen Hammer

1. Force the metal over the vise jaws using your left-hand.

2. Strike it several times near the hand with flat head of a hammer.

Lesson1.3. 5. Steps in Squaring off a 90 Bend

1. Place the metal in the bench vise and tighten strongly.

2. Strike the metal with the flat head of a hammer in the direction of the arrowas indicated.


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Circular Bend1. Place the metal over a pipe or round bar and clamp in a bench vise.

2. Strike the metal with a glancing blow using the flat head of a hammer

until the desired curve is obtained.

Lesson1.3 6. Cold Chisel

Cold Chisel is used for cutting and chipping cold metals.


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The illustration above presents the Two Hands Positioning in using thecold chisel which shows the proper grip in using the tool. For heavy work,hand gripping of tool should be strong and tight; for fine and small work, holdthe tool lightly.

Look at the person work with the ball peen hammer and the chisel, as shownin the illustration above. A cold chisel will cut metals only if you strike it withthe flat head of a ball peen hammer. The complete safety protection deviceand the body position when performing the task (chiseling) are also shown.

Lesson 1.3 7. Wrench

A Wrench is used for loosening and tightening light and heavy nuts and bolts.

There are various kinds and sizes of wrenches designed according to use andfunction. It is a steel tool with movable jaws.

A repair worker often uses tools to remove and replace damaged parts. Thewrenches are used to tighten and loosen the nut and bolts that hold the partsin place. Other tools are used to hold parts for cutting, welding and other

works.


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A Wash type of wrench is usually used for only one or two different jobs. TheFigure above shows a repair worker using a box of wrench and an open-endwrench to remove a deck lid bolt in an automobile. The ends of the wrenchare offset (the hand is lower than the handle). In this way, the workers handis above the surface of any object as the nut of bolt is turned.

A combination wrench of open-end and a box-end will have an advantage onbox-end over open lid. A box-end wrench has complete contact with six pointson the bolt head. This completely surrounds the grip of the bolt head or nutallowing less chances of wrench slippage.


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Lesson 1.3.8. Screw Drivers

Lets do it!

Directions: Below are required competencies in the use of hand tools andequipment. Please indicate your responses on either Yes or No. Write a check (/)mark on the space provided.

Yes No

1. Can select correct type of blade of a hacksaw.

2. Can move the body a little forward while sawing the metal.

3. Can apply pressure during forward stroke and release in returnwhile sawing.

4. Can strike the metal with flat head of a hammer.

5. Can use wrench in loosening and tightening nuts and bolts.

6. Can use types of screw drivers correctly.

7.Can perform actual operations of hand tools by following safety

practices8. Can hold cold chisel properly while hammering with a hammer.

9. Can follow steps in rounding stock with the use of a hammer.

10. Can assemble and disassemble properly some movable handtools.

Fig.1

Focus on what have you learned

Are you ready to answer the following checklist?

Fig. 2Fig.3


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REFLECT AND UNDERSTAND

The Metric System is known as the most common measurementsystem used in most places of the world. There are common prefixes used torepresent as multipliers. For example, in a distance of 2,000 meters can alsobe expressed as 2 Kilometers. The English System on the other hand is alsoknown as the British (US) System likewise commonly used anywhere in theworld. This system uses the Inch, Foot and Pound as the basic unit of

measurement. It is commonly used by Engineers, Architects, Surveyors,Draftsmen etc. For better understanding of the systems one must be familiarwith the conversion of the English units of measurement to metric system andvice versa by applying the appropriate conversion factors and procedures.

2.1. Applying Measurement System

1. Measurement Systems

The basic measurement in the English system is the Yard divided into Feet

and Inches abbreviated as follows: Yard Yd. , Feet Ft. , and Inches as In. TheMetric System or the Systems International (SI) use Meter as the basic unit of

What do you need to know in Mensuration and

Calculation in Shielded Metal Arc Welding

LESSON 2

Perform Mensuration and Calculations

LEARNING OUTCOMES:At the end of the lesson, you are expected to be familiar with the following:

1. Application of Measurement System2. Convert English System of Measurement to Metric System

3. Perform Basic Ratio and Proportion, Area and VolumeCalculation


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measurements divided into Decimeters, Centimeters, and Millimeters with thefollowing abbreviations when used.

UNIT ABBREVIATIONS UNIT ABBREVIATION

Meter m Centimeter cm

Decimeter dm Millimeter mm

Measuring accurately is a skill that should be developed. Inaccuratemeasurements would mean waste of time, effort, materials and the quality of thefinish product. The skill in measuring starts with the ability to read and interpretthe systems of measurement. The measuring tool available in the workshopcontains the English System on one side and the Metric System on the other. Inthe English System, the inch is divided into 16 graduations. The first graduationreads 1/16, the second 2/16 or 1/8, the third as 3/16 and so on.

A- English SystemExamples: 1/16, 5/16, 9/16, 13/16, 1/8, 1/4,3/8, 1/2, 5/8, 3/4, 7/8, 1 Inch or2/16, 6/16, 10/16, 11/16, 14/16, 1 foot, 1 yard, and etc.

B- Metric SystemThe Metric System (Systems International-SI) Centimeters is divided into ten(10)Graduations where the first graduation reads 1 millimeter, the second 2millimeters, the fifth 5 millimeters or .5 centimeter and so on.

BASE UNIT OF MEASURE

Unit Metric Symbol Quantity

Meter m Length

Gram g Mass

Secondsec Time

Ampere amp Current

TABLE OF EQUIVALENTS (ENGLISH TO METRIC AND VICE VERSA)

UNIT OFMEASURE

EQUIVALENT UNIT OFMEASURE

EQUIVALENT

millimeter,mm 0.03937 inch inch 2.54 centimeters

centimeter, cm 0.3937 inch foot 12 inches

decimeter, dm 3.937 inches yard 36 inches3 feet

meter, m 39.37 inches3.28 feet

1.09361 yard

furlong 220 yards

kilometer 0.62137 mile

1000 meters1093.61 yards

mile 1760 yards

5280 feet


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2.2. Convert English Units of Measurement to Metric System

Acivity 1. Convert English Unit of Measurement to Metric System

Directions: give the conversion of the following units.

1. 5 Meters = _______ Inches2. 35 Centimeters = _______Feet3. 18 Feet =_______Meter4. 20 Inches =_______Millimeter5. 180 Centimeters =_______YardDirections: Convert the following units of measurement. Use a separatesheet of paper for your answer.

1. 5 Meters = _______ Inches2. 35 Centimeters = _______Feet3. 18 Feet =_______Meter4. 20 Inches =_______Millimeter5. 180 Centimeters =_______Yard

Activity 2.Sample computationsDirections: Below are the procedures in the computation of fractions. study

them.

Multiply the numerator of one fraction by the numerator of the otherfraction.Do the same with the denominators. Reduce the answer to the

lowest term as required.

Example: 3 / 5 x 1 / 5 = 3 / 25 - Multiply the numerators( 3 x 1 = 3) to get 3 then Multiply denominators ( 5 x 5 = 25) to get25, thus 3 / 5 x 1 / 5 = 3 / 25

Activity 3. Plus and Minus. This will let you compute a number horizontallyand vertically.Directions: Fill in each empty box with plus, minus or equals sign ( + ) ( - ) or( = )

70 50 120

50 20 30

20 70 90

Activity 4. Sample of Metric to English Conversion To convert meters to feet, divide the length in meters by 3.28a- 12 meters to =_______ feet

= 12meters multiplied by 3.28 ft/meter= 39.36 feet


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To convert meter to inches, multiply the length in meters by 39.37b- 2 meters to =______ inches

= 2 meters multiplied by 39.37 inches per meter= 78.74 inches

2.3. Perform Basic Ratio and Proportion, Area and VolumeCalculation

Activity 1. Finding the Ratio and Proportion

Ratio and Proportion

The ratio of two numbers is a comparison of two quantities. It is expressedas the indicated quotient of two numbers called TERMS of the ratio. The ratioof C to D maybe expressed as C :D, read as C is to D, C/D or C D. The

numbers 4/6, 6 : 9, 8 : 12 or 14 : 21 have the same value as the ratio is 2 : 3.When the ratios are between measurements, the term of the ratio must beexpressed in the same units. The three angles of a triangle are usuallyexpressed as 1 : 2 : 3, read as 1 is to 2 is to 3. If the sum of the angles of atriangle is 180 degrees, the measurement of each angle can be determinedusing the following procedure.

Examples:I. Find the measurement of each angle of a triangle, if the ratio of the anglesof a triangle is 1 : 2 : 3 and the sum of the is 180 degrees.

Solution:Let X = measurement of the first angle2X = measurement of the second angle3X = measurement of the third angleX + 2X + 3X = 180 degrees sum of the 3 angles of a triangle6X = 180 degrees - sum of XsX = 30 degrees - measurement of the first angle2X = 2 (30) = 60 degrees measurement of the second angle3X = 3 (30) = 90 degrees measurement of the third angle

II. Find the ratio of 4 hours to 2 days.= 4 hours to 2 days

= 4 hours to 48 hours= 1:12 (dividing 4 and 48 by 4)

Activity 2. Finding the AreaArea is the number of unit squares equal to the surface of an object.

For example, a standard size of a piece of plywood contains 32 square foot(sq. ft.). Because it measures 4 feet by 8 feet so, 4 x 8 = 32 square feet. Areais expressed in square inches, square feet and other units of measure. Asquare inch measure 1 x 1 or each equivalent. A square foot contains 144square inches by multiplying 12x 12 = 144 sq. inches. The area of any planefigure can be determined by applying the proper formula.


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1. Area of CircleWhen the diameter of a circle is known, the circumference is found by usingthe following formula.

C= D Where: C= Circumference = 3.1416

D = Diameter

Example:1. What is the circumference of a 20 diameter circle?

Solution: C = DC = 3.1415 x 20C = 62.832 inches

2. Circumference of a Circle (Diameter)a. When the diameter is known, the circumference of a circle is found

by applying the following formula.C = 2 r Where: C = Circumference2 = Constant = 3.1416r = Radius

Example:b. What is the circumference of of a 10 radius circle?

Solution: C = 2 rC = 2 x 3.1416 x 10C = 62.832 Inches

3. Area of Circle (Diameter)When the diameter of a circle is known, area of a circle is found byapplying the following formula:

orA = 0.7854 x DWhere: A = Area

0.7854=ConstantD = Diameter Squared

Example:

What is the area of a 28 diameter circle?Solution: A = 0.7854 x D

A = 0.7854 x (28 x 28)A = 0.7854 x 784A = 615.75 Square Inches

4. Area of Circle (Radius)When the radius is known, the area of a circle is found by applying

the following formula.A = r Where A = Area = 3.1416

r = radius squared


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Example:

What is the area of a 14 radius circle?

Solution: A = r

A = 3.1416 x (14 x 14)A = 3.1416 x 196A = 615.754 sq. inches

5. Area of square or a rectangleThe area of square or a rectangle can be found by applying this

formula.A = L x W Where A = AreaL = LengthW = Width

Example:

What is the area of a 22 x 16 storage room?Solution: A = L x W

A = 22 x 16A = 352 sq. ft.

6. Area of a TriangleThe area of a triangle can be found by using this formula.

A = b h Where A = Area = Constant

b = baseh = height

Example:

6. What is the area of a triangle with a 10 base and 12 height?Solution: A = b hA = x (10 x 12)A = x 120A = 60 sq. inches

Activity 3. Finding the VolumeVolume is the three- dimensional size of an object measured in

cubic units. For example, the volume of a standard size of concreteblock is 1,024 cubic inches, because 8 x 8 x 16 is equal to 1,024 cu. in.Volume is expressed in cubic inches, cubic feet, cubic yards and otherunits of measure. A cubic inch measures 1 x 1 x 1 or its equivalent. Acubic foot contains 1,728 cubic inches because 12 x 12 x 12 = 1,728cu. In. A cubic Yard contains 27 cu. Ft. because 3 x 3 x 3 = 27 cu. Ft.

The Volume of a solid figure can be determined by applying the properformula.


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1. Finding the volume of a rectangular solidThe volume of a rectangular solid can be found by applying thefollowing formula.

V = L x W x H Where V = Volume

L = LengthW = WidthH = Height

Example:

What is the volume of a 24 x 12 x 8 rectangular solid?Solution: V = L x W x HV = 24 x 12 x 8

V = 2,304 cu. Inches

Activity 5. Finding the volume of a cylinderWhen the diameter of a cylinder is known, the volume can be found byapplying the following formula.

V = 0.7854 x D x h Where V = Volume0.7854 = ConstantD = Diameter squaredh = Height

Example:What is the volume of a tank that is 4ft. in diameter and 12 feet inlength?

Solution: V = .7854 x D x hV = .7854 x (4 x 4) x 12V = .7854 x 16 x 12V = 150.79 cubic feet (cu.ft.)

Activity 6. Sample Estimates Project Cost based on Project Plan. The

table of specification below is a sample of estimates that will serve asguide in the computation of your projects. Take note of the prevailingprices in the prices of materials in the locality.

NO. DESCRIPTION QUANTITY UNIT PRICE TOTALCOST

1 Round Bar, 10 mm x 20 ft 2 pcs 65.00/pc P 130.00

2 E-6013 Welding Rod kls 120/kl 30.00

3 Sand Paper 1 pc 15.00/pc 15.00

4 Enamel Paint 60 ml 90.00/pc 90.00

TOTAL COST P165.00


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Activity 7. Listing of English and Metric Units of measurement aspresented in the table of specification . Use the figure as illustrated.below.

Activity 8. MINUTE PAPERDirections: Fill out this minute paper to evaluate how far you have gone with thelesson.

( _________________________________________ )T o p i c / L e s s on

Name of Student : __________________________ Date : ___________________Year and Section __________________________ Teacher: __________________After the lesson / activity/ discussion on ________________________________,I have learned that:1. _______________________________________________________________

2. _______________________________________________________________

3. _______________________________________________________________

But Im a little bit confused about:1. _______________________________________________________________

2. _______________________________________________________________

3. _______________________________________________________________

I still want to learn more on:1. _______________________________________________________________

ENGLISH

___________________

METRIC

___________

UNIT OF

MEASURE


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2. _______________________________________________________________

3. _______________________________________________________________

After the lesson / activity / discussion, I feel ______________ because of thefollowing reasons:1. _______________________________________________________________

2. _______________________________________________________________

3. _______________________________________________________________

LESSON 3

APPLY SAFETY PRACTICES

Congratulations! You did a great job!

Rest and relax meantime before moving on to the next lesson.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to be familiar with the following:

1. Identifying hazardous area.2. Use of personal protective clothing and devices.3. Perform safe handling of tools, equipment and materials.


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Lets see how much you already know:

Getting acquainted of the safety precautions will guide you with the commonstandard in shielded metal arc welding.

Activity 1. Preparing Welding MaterialsDirection: From the story below, list down your observation and make a note on the

handling and preparation of those materials. Write a check (/) mark on theappropriate column as to whether it is properly or improperly illustrated.

THINK ABOUT THIS

Short Story

This story is based on the Welding Shop of Mang Amang. One day,

a farmer named Calo brought a dismantled hand tractor harrow to the shop

of Mang Amang. After a couple of hours of testing and checking, he

noticed that his welding machine was still not repaired. The wiring

installation could not be repaired since the brother of Mang Amang

borrowed the needed tools and some of the other tools in the shop were

defective.


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Use this blank space below for your observation and you may refer to theshort story above.

Name of Tools/Equipment Handling/Preparation of MaterialsProper Improper

________________________ __________ ______________

________________________ __________ ______________

________________________ __________ ______________

________________________ __________ ______________

Self-check 3.1

Directions: Match the statement in Column A from column B. Write youranswers on the space provided with.

Column A Column B_____ 1. The most common andpainful injuries that occur inthe welding shop._____ 2. An immediate care given toa person who hasbeen injured or suddenly became ill._____ 3. A symbol used to indicate apotentially hazardoussituation which, if not avoided , could

result in death orserious injury._____ 4. Mandatory rules andstandards set and enforced toeliminate or reduce hazards in theworkplace._____ 5. It is used to protect our faceand eyes from the arcrays and heat and the spatter fromthe molten metal.

a. Welding shields/helmetb. Occupational safety healthstandardc. Burnd. First aide. Cautionf. Hazard

Are you ready to know more on how to weld properly and safely?Proceed to the next lessons!


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3.1 Identifying Hazardous Area3.1.1. Environmental Hazards

a. Physical Hazards. Hazards due to the transfer of energy between anobject and a worker.

Excessive noise

Inadequate illumination

Extreme temperature

Extreme pressure

Vibration

Radiation

Inadequate ventilation

Cluttered area

Ignorance or carelessness of the worker

b.. Chemical Hazards. These hazards arise from inhaling chemical agents in

the form of vapor gases, dust, fumes, mist, or by skin contact with thesematerials.

Mist Fine particles of a liquid float in air

Gases- substances in gaseous state but are always airborne atroom temperature.

Vapor- results when substances that are liquid at room temperatureevaporate.

Dust- solid harmful substances are ground, cut or crushed bymechanical actions.

Fumes- gas is condensed in air, chemically changed and becomes

fine solid particles which float in air.

Four Possible Routes of Entry of Chemical Hazards1. Inhalation- breathing in toxics is the most common anddangerous route.2. Ingestion- toxics enter through the gastrointestinal tract.3. Absorption- toxics pass through skin into the bloodstream.4. Injection- toxics may be injected into the body (needles, etc..)-

the least common, yet most direct route of entry.

c.Biological Hazards. Hazards caused by living organisms which

include insects, molds, fungi, viruses, and bacterial contamination;from defects in sanitation and housekeeping procedures, such as inthe provision of potable water, removal of industrial wastes andsewage, food handling , and personal cleanliness.

Agents of Biological Hazards

Bacteria simple, one-celled organisms that may or may not beharmful.

Viruses organisms that depend on a host cell for development orreproduction

Fungi may be small or large parasitic organisms growing in a

living or dead plant or animal Rickettsia rod-shaped microorganisms that are smaller than


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bacteria and depend on a host for development or reproduction.Microorganisms transmitted by fleas, ticks, and lice.

Common Health Problems from Biological Hazardsa. Tuberculosis (TB)

b. Tetanusc. Viral Hepatitisd. HIV/AIDSDiseases caused by virusa. Upper Respiratory Tract Infectionb. Hepatitis B Infectionc. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)d. Rabies

d.Ergonomic Hazards. Hazards commonly seen in the workplace,which are Improperly designed tools or work areas, improper lifting orreaching, poor visual conditions or repeated motions in an awkwardposition that may be responsible for fatigue, stress and strain andmay lead to accidents in the occupational environment.

Ergonomics is the study of designing equipment and devices that fitthe workers.

Effects of Ergonomic Hazardsa. low productivityb. high rate of errorsc. material wastage and equipment

Health Problems caused by Ergonomicsa. musculoskeletal problemsb. vascular problemsc. visual problemsd. hearing problemse. skin problemf. psychological problems

Welding Safety and Reminders:1. Electric shock maybe caused by open and not properly insulated cable,

workers are advised to regularly check electrical wiring connection.

a. Check primary circuit wiring connection


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b. Check welding cable for crack or cut insulation

b. Do not put welding cables around the part of your body.

2. Arc rays can damage both eyes and skin, so wear proper protectiveclothing and filter lenses.

3.BURN CAUSED BY LIGHT

Ultra violet light- can cause first degree or second degree burn tothe eyes and skin

Infrared wave that is felt as heat

Visible light- light that we see-producer of varying quantities and color

4.Fumes and Gases- Use proper ventilation and position yourself out of

the fume flow.


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The bigger the diameter of the electrode, the more ventilation is

required.

Dangerous powder dust comes from weld fumes filtered duringwelding

5. Fire and explosion- may result from faulty welding operation .Alwaysunderstand the environment where you are welding and never take anythingfor granted.


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Proper procedure for welding in a tank

6.Compressed gas- must be handled in such a way as to preventpersonal or equipment damage.

7. Face and eye protection - must be worn at all times in theworkplace. This Includes safety goggles and full -faced mask.

Self-Check 3.2How much have you learned in these hazards?Let us see!

Direction: Read and analyze the questions carefully. Write only the letter ofthe best answer in your paper.1. Which hazards are due to transfer of energy between an object and aworker?

A. Chemical hazardsB. Physical hazardsC. Biological hazardsD. Ergonomics hazards

2. Which kind of hazard causes deadening of a welders hand because ofunadvisable position during welding?


3. Impact resulting from being struck by and struck against objects may causeserious accidents which one is referred to?


4. By what process do toxics pass through gastrointestinal organ?A. IngestionB. InhalationC. AbsorptionD. Injection

5. People who work with animals, animal products or animal wastes have agreater risk of infection because of_______.

A. Chemical hazardsB. Physical hazards

C. Biological hazardsD. Ergonomics hazards


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3.2. Use of Protective Clothing and devices.

a. Protection Clothing against sparks and hot metals.

Source:http://nasdonline.org/static_content

b. Wear correct eye, ear, and body protection.

Personal Protective Equipment

1. Welding shield/helmet is used to protect our face and eyes from arcrays and heat, and the spatter from molten metal. The arc is viewedthrough a filter which reduces the intensityof radiation but allows a safeamount of light to pass for viewing the weld pool and end of theelectrode.
http://nasdonline.org/static_contenthttp://nasdonline.org/static_contenthttp://nasdonline.org/static_content


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2.Helmet type welding shield is more convenient to use because it allowsboth hands to work freely.

3. Hand-held shield allows only one hand to work freely.

4.Leather jacket is made of chrome leather and prevents the entry ofsparks between our clothes and body.


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5.Leather apron is made of chrome leather and provides a welder with

complete protection of his chest to the mid calf from sparks and hotmetal.

6.Welding gloves/gauntlet is made of chrome leather and protectsour hands from heat, spatter, and radiation.

Source:http://img.diytrade.com/cdimg/340379/1362621/0/1133753301/Welding_gloves.jpg

7. Face shield is best for general protection because it can be worn

under an arc welding helmet.


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8. Leggings are made from leather to protect the legs and feet.

9. Protective sleeves are made from leather to protect the arms.

10.Protective covers are made from light asbestos coated withaluminium to protect the whole body during welding.


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11.Safety Shoes- have heat resistant soles and impact resistant toes.Some safety shoes have metal in soles, while others protect workers

from different types of electrical hazards.

Safety goggle- is used when grinding and chipping off slag on a welded partof metal.

Earmuffs- are used for ear coverings and are connected by a flexible bandand wornas protection against extreme noise.

Earplugs- are devices that are meant to be inserted in the ear canals toprotect the wearer's ears from loud noise or intrusion.


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Respirators- are an apparatus worn over the mouth and nose or the entireface toprevent the inhalation of dust, smoke, or other noxious substances.

HOW MUCH HAVE YOU LEARNED?

Let us take a look at the Protective gadgets and equipment forwelding. Write the name of each item pointed by an arrow.

3.3. Safe handling of tools, equipment and materials withOccupational Health and Safety (OHS) standard

Occupational Safety and Health StandardsIntroduction

Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHS) are

mandatory rules and standards set and enforced to eliminate or reduceoccupational safety and health hazards in the workplace. OSH


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Standards aim to provide at least the minimum acceptable degree ofprotection that must be granted to every worker in relation to dangersof injury, sickness, or death that may arise by reason of his or heroccupation. The provision of OSHS by the government is an exerciseof police power, with the intention of promoting the welfare and well-

being of workers.

Coverage and Scope of OSHS

All establishments, workplaces, and undertakings are covered.Including agricultural enterprises whether operating for profit or not,except:

1. Residential places exclusively devoted to dwelling purposes.2. Those directly engaged in land, sea and air transportation

their dry dockets, garages, hangers andmaintenance, and repair shops and offices are also covered.

3. The activities of a lease regarding the safety of a miningclaim or lease, including mines safety, mineral conservation,and pollution in establishments or work placesfalling under the mining industry.

Minimum Standards on Safety and Health in the Workplace.

The OSHS requires every company to keep and maintain its workplace

free from work hazards that are likely to cause physical harm to theworkers or damage to property.

The following must be provided by the school; Appropriate seats, lighting, and ventilation. Adequate passageways, exits, and firefighting equipment Separate toilet facilities and lockers for men and women. Appropriate safety clothing like protective gear, masks,

helmets, safety boots, coats,or goggles. Medicines, medical supplies, or first-aid kits. Free medical and dental services and facilities.

Safety Measures to be observed within the Premises ofEstablishments

Building premises shall have adequate fire, emergency or danger signsand safety instructions of standard colors and sizes visible at all times.

Other visible signs that may be needed to direct the drivers ofmotorized vehicle such as STOP, YIELD, and DO NOT ENTER,properly positioned within the compound of the establishment toincrease safety especially during the night.

Handicapped employees shall be restricted only to designatedworkplaces. For as practicable and feasible reasons, they shall be

provided with facilities for safe and convenient movement within theestablishment.


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Good housekeeping shall be maintained at all times throughcleanliness of buildings, yards, machines, equipment, regular wastedisposal, and the orderly arrangement of process operations, storageand filing materials.

Adequate dressing rooms, lockers rooms, comfort rooms and

lavatories separate for male and female workers shall be provided

Self-Check 3.3 Multiple Choice

Directions: Read and analyze each statement carefully. Choose thebest answer and write the letter only in your paper. .1. Safety standards are mandatory rules set and enforced to

eliminate or reduce,A. welding defectsB. welding injuriesC. welding problemsD. hazards

2. The governments purpose of creating Occupational Safety andHealth Standards is to______.

A. produce quality outputB. produce safety personnelC. promote welfare and well-being of workers

D. protect the rights of the workers against abusive employers.

3. Under Rule 1100.01 of the gas and electric arc welding operations,welders are_______.

A. provided with PPE by employersB. provided with exhaust and ventilated systemC. protected from any violations against their rightsD. prohibited from working in areas prone to combustiblematerials.

4. Rule 1100.02 states that workers must be

A. provided with PPE by employersB. provided with exhaust and ventilated systemC. protected from any violations against their rightsD. prohibited from working in areas prone to combustiblematerials

5. Concerning welding or cutting in confined spaces under Rule1100.03, welders are

A. provided with PPE by employersB. provided with exhaust and ventilated systemC. protected from any violations against their rights

D. prohibited from working in areas prone to combustiblematerials


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4.1. Alphabet of Lines

Lines are the bases of all drawing. They are used from simple drawingsto the difficult ones. Practice, exercise and correct use of techniques in the

making of lines will give students experience in technical sketching.Moreover, constant practice will help students develop skills in makinglines and using of pencils.

LESSON 4

INTERPRET PLANS AND DRAWINGS

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to be familiar with the following:

1. Alphabet of Lines

2. Welding Symbols

3. Meaning and Uses of Symbols


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There are several different types of lines used on a print andeach has different meaning. To be able to interpret a print, the readershould have knowledge of these lines. These lines are called alphabetof lines.

1. Object Line. Thick solid line used to show the visible shape of theobject.

___________________________

2. Hidden Line. Broken line of medium thickness and used to show theedges and outlines not visible to the eye.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ----3. Center Line. Fine, broken line made up of a series of short and longdashes alternately spaced. To show the center of circles, arcs, andsymmetrical objects and to aid in dimensioning the parts of the object.

__ _____ __ _____ __ ______ __


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4. Extension Line. Fine lines that extend from the object with a slightbreak between and it is used to show dimensioning points.

5. Dimension Line. Lines used to indicate the measurement ofobjects. It consists of three parts: arrowheads, fine line, and number ormeasurement. The fine lines have the same thickness or weight as theprojection line. The arrowheads are short heavy strokes (called flares)placed at the extremities of this fine line. The shape of an arrowhead islike the point of an ordinary pen. The number or figure is usuallypositioned at the middle of the fine line and its axis is perpendicular toit.

6. Leader Line. Fine, straight line with an arrowhead or round solid dotat one end and usually drawn at an angle. Points directly to a surfacefor the purpose of dimensioning or adding a note. A dot may be used atthe end of the straight line where reference is made to a surface area.

Cutting Plane Line. A thick broken line made up of a series of onelong and two short dashes alternately spaced. The arrowheads areplaced at right angles to the cutting plane line. The purpose of this lineis to indicate where an imaginary cut is made through the object. The

arrow points in the direction in which the section should be viewed.Letters next to the arrowheads identify the section in cases where morethan one section is shown on the drawing. These lines are orientedvertically, horizontally, or at the actual angle at which the part is drawn.

7. Section Lines. Series of fine lines-solid or solid and brokenarranged in specific patterns. They may be shown either straight orcurved. When shown straight, they are usually drawn at a 450 angle. Itis used to indicate the imaginary cut surface referred to by thecutting plane line.


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8. Chain Line. Heavy, broken line made up of a series of long andshort dashes alternately spaced. It is used to indicate the location andextent of a surface.

__________ ____ __________

1. Short Break Line. Heavy, irregular line drawn freehand used to show a shortbreak to conserve space on a drawing.

2. Long Break Line. Ruled, light line with freehand zigzags used to show a longbreak to conserve space on a drawing.

13. Phantom Line. Light, broken line made up of a series of long and two shortdashes used to show alternate positions of a part; to show relationship of existingpart to new part; and to show machined surfaces.

__________ __ __ ________ __ __ __________

CAN YOU NOW DESCRIBE THE DIFFERENT LINES?Answer the following questions properly.Self-Check 4.1 Multiple Choice:

Direction: Identify what is referred to in each of the statements belowthen write only the letter of the best answer on a separate sheet.1. Fine lines with arrowheads usually touch the extension lines andshow distance given by the dimensions.

a. Hidden Lines c. Extension Linesb. Dimension Lines d. Cutting Plane Lines

2. The purpose of this line is to indicate where an imaginary cut ismade through the object.

a. Hidden Lines c. Extension Linesb. Dimension Lines d. Cutting Plane Lines

3. Series of fine lines-solid or solid and broken arranged in specific

patterns used to represent various kinds of materials.a. Chain Line c. Section Lineb. Break Line d. Phantom line

4. Fine lines that extend from the object with a slight break betweenand it is used to shown dimensioning points.

a. Chain Line c. Section Lineb. Object Line d. Extension Line

5. Used to show the visible shape of the object.a. Chain Line c. Section Lineb. Object Line d. Extension Line


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4.2 Welding Symbols

Location of Elements: The elements of a welding symbol havestandard locations with respect to each other.

Location Significance of Arrow: The arrow element in a weldingsymbol in conjunction with the reference line determines the arrow sideand other side of a weld. The symbol depicting an arrow side weld isalways placed below the reference line. The arrow side is alwaysclosest to the reader when viewed from the bottom of the drawing. Theweld symbol depicting other side weld is placed above the referenceline, away from the reader. Welds on both sides of a joint are shown byplacing weld symbols on both sides of the reference line. Some weldsymbols have no arrow or other side significance. However,supplementary symbols used in conjunction with these weld symbolsmay have such significance. For example, welding symbols forresistance spot and seam welding have no side significance, butGTAW, EBW, or other spot and seam welds may have arrow and otherside.

The term weld symbol and welding symbol have differentmeanings. A weld symbol indicates the required type of weld. Thewelding symbol includes the weld symbol and supplementaryinformation. A complete welding symbol consists of the followingelements:

o Reference line

o Arrowo Basic weld symbolo Dimensions and other datao Supplementary symbolo Finish symbolo Tailo Specification, process and other references

In your welding work, you may be required to work from thesedrawings; therefore you should understand the use and meaning ofthese symbols.


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4.3. Meaning and Uses of Symbols

An arc welding symbol consists of the main four parts1. A reference line2. An arrow.

3. A basic welding symbol4. A tail

The basic symbol indicates the type of weld.

1. The reference line is a line connected to the arrow. The position of thebasic symbol above or beneath this line determines the location of theweld. The reference line is always drawn parallel to the bottom edge ofthe drawing, or to the base line of a particular view.

2. The arrow indicates the position of the weld; it is drawn at an angle fromthe end of the reference line to one side of the joint. This side is called thearrow side of the joint. The opposite side is called the other side of the joint.Arrow Location.

Welds on the arrow side of the joint are shown by inverting the weld symboland placing it beneath the reference line.


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Form of Weld Weld Symbol Sectional Representation

Bead

Fillet

Square Butt

Single V Butt

Single Bevel Butt

Single U Butt

Single J Butt

Double V Butt

Double U Butt

Plug and Slot

Stud


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Surfacing

Suggested Activity: Filling-up the Job Plan in Shielded Metal Arc Welding (Metal

Works-Flower Pot Stand or Dust Pan)Directions: 1. Indicate the necessary information on the blanks provided.

2. Follow the procedures and working drawing in developing patterns.

JOB PLAN IN METAL WORKSFlower Pot Stand/Dust Pan

JOB PLAN NO. _____

NAME OF PROJECT

NAME:_____________________________ DATE STARTED:______________

YR/SECTION_________________ DATE FINISHED:_______________________

I. OBJECTIVES;_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

II. TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALSNEEDED:______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________.III. REFERENCES;_________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

IV. BILL OF MATERIALS:

QUANTITY DESCRIPTION UNIT COST TOTAL


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V. JOB SKETCH PLAN / WORKING DRAWING:For Simple Flower Pot Stand

8

812 round bar @

10mm

4

2

For Dust Pan

FOLDING/BENDING

STEPS

ISOMETRIC DRAWING

DUST PAN

FOLDING/BENDING RIVETING WITH METAL HANDLE


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VI. PROCEDURES:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

VII. EVALUATION TOOL: PERFORMANCE BASED USING CRITERIA

VIII. ASSIGNMENT/AGREEMENT:_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

IX. COMMENTS/SUGGESTIONS:______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

NAME OF TEACHER:____________________________________________DATE SIGNED:___________________________________

SAMPLE FORMAT FORJOB PLAN IN METAL WORKS

Simple Flower Pot Stand

JOB PLAN NO. 2NAME OF PROJECT: Assembling/Welding ofSimple Flower Pot Stand

NAME:MAR DELA CRUZDATE STARTED:September 3, 2012YR/SECTION: NARRA DATE FINISHED: September 5, 2012

I. OBJECTIVES:1. Cut the round bar as specified in the

procedure/illustration;2. Measure and mark the height and lenght of simple

Flower pot stand;

3. Weld and check the layer of beads and slagsII. TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS NEEDED:

Arc Welding Machine and its accessoriesProtective equipmentPush-Pull Rule/Metal RuleHacksawPliersVise Grip

III. REFERENCES;1. Job Plan No. 1. Drawing/ Illustration of

Simple Flower Pot Stand2. Basic Manual in Metal Arc Welding


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IV. BILL OF MATERIALS:

QUANTITY DESCRIPTION UNIT COST TOTAL

2 pcs Round Bar #10mm x 20ft. 65.00 P130.00

5 pcs Welding Rod, 6013 5.00 25.00

1 pc Hacksaw Blade 65.00 65.00

TOTAL P 220.00

V. PROCEDURES:1. Set-up and check the electrical connection of welding

machine.

2. Cut the Round bar according to the specification below:a. Four (4) pieces - 12 Round bar #10b. Four (4) pieces- 6 Round Bar #10

(For the Bottom)c. Four (4) pieces- 8 Round Bar #10 (For the UpperPart)

3. Follow the measurements in the illustration and use amarker on the portion to be welded.

4. Weld the round bar accurately5. Remove the slags and check the joints of the welded

part.

6. Observe safety precuations while working.

VI. EVALUATION TOOL: PERFORMANCE BASED USING RUBRIC(Refer to the Rubric in the assessment of the project)

VII. ASSIGNMENT/AGREEMENT:If the project is unfinished, the teacher will make an agreement tothe learner to continue their work in the following day.

VIII. COMMENTS/SUGGESTIONSSuggestion/s will be recorded and posted in the accomplishment

chart of the learner.

NAME OF TEACHER: __________________

DATE SIGNED: _______________________


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GRASPS TASK DESIGN PROMPTS

This GRASPS Task design aims to determine the learners Goal in meetingthe problem, Role in performing the job, Audience(Customer/Client)to beconvinced, Situation which is focus on context and challenge, Products,

Performance and Purpose for a products to be developed, and Standards andCriteria for Success for the performance and products standards. Provide thenecessary information on the blank space below.

GoalYour task is to make a flower pot stand/dust pan.

The goal is to produce quality and marketable simple flower pot stand/dustpan.

The challenge is to produce a working plan based on the Job Plan andspecification.

RoleYou have been asked to design a pattern metal crafts to develop a flower potstand/dust pan.

Audience (Customer/Client)The target Customers are the students, teachers and members of the

community.

SituationThe challenge involves dealing with the prospective end users and businessentrepreneurs in the locality.

Product, Performance and PurposeYou will create a design of flower pot stand/dust pan. In order to produceproducts which are useful to consumers.

Standards and Criteria for SuccessYour product must meet the following standards and it must be functional, accurate

and cost efficient.


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In determining learners knowledge and achievement, below is the criteriaof

performance.

PERFORMANCE RUBRICS

CATEGORY/DIMENSIONEXPERT

4PRACTITION

ER3

APPRENTICE2

NOVICE1

ACCURACY Allmeasurements wereexact.

Mostmeasurements were exact.

Somemeasurements were not

exact.

Almost allthe

measurements were not

exact.

APPLICATION OFPROCEDURE

Efficientlyapplied theprocedures

Acceptableapplication ofprocedures

Inconsistentapplication

ofprocedures

Unacceptable application

ofprocedures

PROPER USE OFTOOLS

AND MATERIALS

Used thestandard

toolseffectively

withconfidence

Used thedesired toolsappropriately

Used thetools with

the advice ofothers

Inappropriately utilizedthe toolsIn metal

crafts

SAFETY WORK HABITS Observed

the safetypractices at

all times

Observed

safetypractices most

of the time

Observed

safetypractices forsometimes

Observed

safetypracticesonly one

time

TIME MANAGEMENT Activitytasks

completeda day

before thetarget

completion

date.

Activity taskscompleted

before on time

Activitytasks

completedjust on time

Activitytasks

completedafter the

allotted time

Rating Scale:

POINTS EARNED NUMERICAL RATING DESCRIPTIVE RATING

17-20 90 and above Advance

13-16 85-89 Proficient

9-12 80-84 Approaching Proficient

5-8 75-79 Developing

1-4 74 and below Beginning


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TRANSFER

The learners should produce quality and marketable sheet metal

products based on the pattern.

Make a display and exhibit of flower pot stand/dust pan.

SUMMARY

Shielded Metal Arc welding is the process of joining metals together with the

use of flux coated electrodes and welding machines on a prescribed voltage that

produces layers of slag brought about by the filler metal and atmospheric shielding.

The environment and market, process and delivery and the knowledge,process, understanding and transfer of technical and practical information /skills

were focused on the relevant features in the context and framework of TLE-

Industrial Arts, especially in Metal Works-Shielded metal Arc Welding.

The exploratory concepts and basic competencies in Shielded Metal Arc

Welding for the learners was anchored on how to use, classify and maintain the

basic hand tools and equipment, the importance of estimating and calculating the

right measurement of a given data, the safety practices, the interpretation of plans

and drawing and the ability of the learner in applying the basic principles in

producing metal craft projects in shield metal arc welding.

Finally, this module was designed to be learners-centered by having various

activities that enabled the learners to have basic knowledge on metal crafts e.g.,

constructing a simple flower pot stand or dust pan. Criteria assessment method and

GRASPS design prompt have been the basis in evaluating the performance of the

learner in this exploratory course.


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GLOSSARY

Adjustable wrench- a tool with movable jaw which makes it adjustable to varioussizes of nuts

Arrow side- a weld symbol that is written above the reference line.Bacteria simple, one-celled organisms that may or may not be harmful.Ball peen hammer- a tool for straightening bending and deforming metalsBiological hazards- hazards caused by living organisms which include insects,

molds, fungi, viruses, and bacterial contamination.Both side- a weld symbol that is written above and below the reference line.Chipping hammer- used for removing slag on weld and with two faces, the tapered

from one side and round pointed on the other side.Cold chisel- a wedge-shaped tool used to shear, cut and chip metal.Concave- a curve inwardConvex- a curve outward

Drawing - illustrating objects using drawing instrumentsEnglish systemthe system that uses inch, foot and pound as units ofmeasurement

Ergonomic hazards- hazards are commonly seen in the workplaces which areimproperly designed tools or work areas

Files- made of high grade steel hardened and tempered. A file has rows of teeth thatform, shape and finish metal by removing small chips and smoothing

rough edges of the metal surfaceFuel is a flammable / combustible substance used to maintain fire, as coal, wood,

oil, or gas, in order to create heat or power.Hacksaw - a tooth- cutting tool usually with a solid and adjustable frame

Initial triage and tagging- sorting patients into categories of priority for care andtransport based on the severity of injuries and medical emergency.

Leather jacket-is made of chrome leather and prevents the entry of sparks betweenthe clothes and body.

Lubricating- a process of maintenance wherein oil is put in between moving parts ofa tool or equipment to prevent the tool from rust or damage

Metric systemsystem that uses millimeter, centimeter and meter as units ofmeasure.

Mandatory signs- regulatory signs which indicate that an instruction must be carried

out.Maintenance- following routine procedures to keep the tools or equipment at its

most efficient conditionMaterials handling- a technique which include the art of lifting, placing, storing or

movement of materials through the use of appropriate handlingequipment and men.

Measuring tools- tools used to measure the dimension of an object or metalMicrometer caliper- a precision measuring instrument used to measure dimensions

in thousandths of an inchOther side- a weld symbol that is written above the reference line.OSHS- Occupational Safety and Health StandardsPhysical Hazards- hazard due to the transfer of energy between an object and a

worker.


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Pliers- a tool for holding, cutting and twisting wiresPPE- Personal Protective Equipment.Prohibition signs- are regulatory signs which indicate that an action or activity is

not allowed.Protective sleeves are made from leather to protect the arms.

Proportion - the equality of two ratios.Punches-tools- used for permanent marking on surface of metalRatioa comparison of two quantities.Reference Line- a line that is drawn horizontally forming an obtuse angleRegulatory Signs- signs contain instructions that need to be complied with them

constitutes an offense under law, standing orders, company policy.Safety inspection- the process of locating and reporting existing and potential

condition that may cause accidents.Safety Shoes- safety shoes have heat-resistant soles and impact-resistant toes.Scraper- a tool for removing points, burrs, and sharp edges from metal surface and

similar partsScrew driver- a hand tool that is designed to turn screws. The blade is made of

steel, attached to one end of which a wooden or plastic handle.Sketching- is also known asfreehand drawing.Symbol - a figure or character used in place of a word or group of words.Tail- is a part of an arrow symbol on a welding blueTightening/ loosening- a process where tools and equipment are adjusted based

on standard procedure.Tolerance- the total amount of variation permitted for the design size of a partTry square- an instrument used to measure the squareness of an object.Vernier caliper- a precision measuring instrument used to measure the inside,

outside diameter, as well as depth of hole and slotWeld joints- refer to how the parts to be welded are assembled prior to welding.Welding gloves/gauntlet- made of chrome leather and protects the hands from

heat,spatter, and radiations.Welding shield/helmet- used to protect our face and eyes from the arc rays

and heat, and the spatter from the molten metal.Warning Signs- signs which warn of hazard or hazardous condition that is likely to

be life-threatening.Welding spats- made of chrome leather and protects the feet from spatter.Weld symbol- indicates a require type of weld and supplemental implementationWeld symbols-miniature drawing of the metal edge preparation prior to welding

which provide the means of placing complete welding information on adrawing.Wrench- used for loosening and tightening light and heavy nuts and bolts


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RESOURCES:

Reference Text, Teaching Guide, Module and ManualLap Top, LCD Projector, CDs and USB FlashdrivePower Source/Generator/AVRSMAW Welding Tools and Equipment

REFERENCES:

1. Internet-Wikipedia2. Longman (1976). Industrial Arts, Book Four. Woodwork, Metalwork and

Related Drafting.

3. TESDA (2012). K-12 Basic Education Curriculum TLE Learning Module inShielded Metal Arc Work (SMAW) for Grade 7and Grade 8

4. SEDP Manual in Arc Welding.5. Unpublished Basic Manual in Metal Arc Welding

Bibliography

All brand names, trademarks, trade names, and WebPages used in this LearningMaterial (LM) are owned by their respective holders. The Publisher and the Authorsdo not represent nor claim ownership over them.

While every effort and precaution have been made to ensure complete and accurateinformation with reference to the materials presented in this LM, the Publisher andAuthors can neither guarantee nor be held legally responsible for any mistake inprinting or faulty instructions in the LM.

The Publishers and Authors appreciate receiving notice of any errors or misprints.


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Acknowledgement

This is to acknowledge the different practitioners, experts, and specialists whomade this learning materials and teaching guides for grade 8 possible.

Writers ( INDUSTRIAL ARTS)1.Joel Castillo T-I FFHNS

2.Lamberto Dionisio HT-VI Guiguinto NVHS

3.Marlon Ocampo T-I PFNHS

4.Robert Palma T-I FFHNAS

5.Cris Dioso T-I Taytay NHS

6.Romeo Vicmudo EPS-I Div. of Neuva Ecija

7.Antonio Blanco Jr. MT-I OCNHS

Language Editor

Paraluman R. Giron Retired Regional Director,

CALABARZON

Sta. Ana Manila

Perla Cuanzon Retired Regional English Supervisor Las Pinas City

Ofelia C. Flojo Retired Regional English Supervisor Rizal

Lando T. Guzman Ateneo de Manila

Consultant

Maria Teresa A. Namoro,Ed.D.

Asst. Chief. SED DepEd-NCR

Reviewers

1.Robert Daquil HT-VI Manila HS

2.Leonilo Santelices MT-I Balingasa HS

3.Fernando Dela Cruz Guiguinto NVHS

4.Arnel Anonical Tanay NHS5.Marlon Malaluan T-I BANAHIS

6.Alexandria Kalalo T-I BANAHIS

7.Antonio Blanco Jr. MT-I OCNHS

Lay-Out Artist/Illustrator

Arcos, Henry Allen M. Bulado, Brenn R. Guiao, Arlene A.

Pili, Francis C. Pili, Noel C. Saladas John S.

Management Team

1.Dr. Lolita M. Andrada Director, BSE

2.Ms. Bella O. Marinas Chief,SDD-OIC

3.Dr. Jose D. Tuguinayo, Jr. Supervising EPS4.Cristeta M. Arcos EPS II

5. Albert Erni EPS II

6.James Julius M. Liquigan EPS II

7. Milambiling, Owen M. SEPS

ia- metalworks lm grade 7 & 8 p&d

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