ian van beers debra long rasha maal bared · 5 objectives application monitoring treatment...
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Ian van BeersDebra Long
Rasha Maal‐Bared
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Objectives
ApplicationApplication
Monitoring Treatment
Chemical, physical and biological variablesChemical, physical and biological variables
Correlations Predictors
Cryptosporidium and Giardia distribution (2012‐2014)Cryptosporidium and Giardia distribution (2012‐2014)
Spatial Seasonal
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■ U.S. EPA Method 1623 ■ Variables examined
■ Chemical: Orthophosphates, nitrates, ammonia (ppm)■ Biological: Total coliforms and E. coli. ■ Physical : Ambient temperature and rainfall.
■ Statistics (Matched pair t‐test, Spearman correlations, Partial Least Square)
Methods
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Results I. Spatial variation
Protozoa� E.L.�Smith�intake�(#/100L)�
Rossdale�intake�(#/100L)�
p‐values*�(n=21)�
Cryptosporidium� 9.88�±�2.24��(n=�26)�� 6.72�±�1.10�(n=�39)�� 0.056�
Giardia� 33.78�±�43.11�(n=�26)�� 40.00�±�7.42�(n=�39)�� 0.034�
*Paired matched t‐test
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‐20.0‐10.00.010.020.030.040.0
020406080
100120140160180 Air Tem
perature (˚C)#(oo
)cysts/100L
E.L. Smith Crypto/Giardia Levels in Comparison to Ambient Temperature
E.L. Smith Crypto (#/100L) E.L. Smith Giardia (#/100L) E.L. Smith Air Temperature (˚C)
‐20.0‐10.00.010.020.030.040.0
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50
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Air Temperature (˚C)
#(oo
)cysts/100L
Rossdale Crypto/Giardia Levels in Comparison to Ambient Temperature
Rossdale Crypto (#/100L) Rossdale Giardia (#/100L) Rossdale Air Temperature (°C)
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Results III: Correlations
Protozoa� E.L.�Smith�WTP� Rossdale�WTP�
Cryptosporidium�
Giardia�(0.008)��Turbidity�(<�0.0001)�Temperature�(0.0005)�TC�(0.02)�Nitrates�(0.03)�(‐)�
Giardia�(<�0.0001)�Temperature�(0.007)�TCs�(0.001)�E.�coli�(0.01)�Nitrates�(0.02)�(‐)�
Giardia�Temperature�(0.0042)�TC�(0.04)�Nitrates�(<�0.001)�(‐)�
Temperature�(p�=0.002)�Nitrates�(0.0004)�(‐)�
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Results IV: Predictors
Protozoa E. L. Smith WTP Rossdale WTP
Cryptosporidium TurbidityTotal coliformsAmbient tempRainfallE. coli94.02 %*
E. L. Smith CryptoE. L. Smith GiardiaNitratesTotal coliforms Turbidity86.46 %*
Giardia All variables< 55 %
E. L. Smith GiardiaAmbient tempE. L. Smith CryptoNitratesTurbidity 94.70 %*
*Cumulative % variation explained by first 5 variables by Partial Least Square Analysis
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• Urban, non-point sources may contribute to Giardia prior to the Rossdale.
• Presence of Giardia was more difficult to predict and exihibited less correlations.
• Monitoring some water quality variables upstream of treatment plants could be used to indicate changes in (oo)cyst numbers.
Conclusions
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• Rian Dickson• Preety Busawon• Pearl Poon• Steve Craik• QA and Environment laboratory staff
Acknowledgments