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    Comparison OfComparison Of

    Nationalized Banks WithNationalized Banks With

    Private banksPrivate banks

    Name:- Atul SharmaName:- Atul Sharma

    Sandeep BistSandeep Bist

    Roll No- 109Roll No- 109

    MBAMBA

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    What are nationalizedWhat are nationalized

    banksbanks

    Nationalized banksNationalized banks are thoseare thosebanks which arebanks which are owned byowned bygovernmentgovernment and also known asand also known aspublic banks.public banks.

    Nationalized banksNationalized banks dominatedominate thethebanking system in India.banking system in India.

    The history of nationalised banks inThe history of nationalised banks in

    India dates back toIndia dates back to mid-20thmid-20thcenturycentury, when, when Imperial BankImperial BankofofIndia wasIndia was nationalisednationalised (under the(under theSBI Act of 1955) and re-christened asSBI Act of 1955) and re-christened as

    State Bank of IndiaState Bank of India (SBI) in(SBI) inJulyJuly

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    Then onThen on 19th July 196019th July 1960, its, its sevenseven

    subsidiariessubsidiaries were also nationalised withwere also nationalised withdeposits overdeposits over 200 crores.200 crores.

    TheseThese subsidiariessubsidiaries of SBIof SBI werewere(a)(a)

    State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur (SBBJ),State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur (SBBJ),(b)(b) State Bank of Hyderabad (SBH),State Bank of Hyderabad (SBH), (c)(c)State Bank of Indore (SBIR),State Bank of Indore (SBIR), (d)(d) StateState

    Bank of Mysore (SBM),Bank of Mysore (SBM), (e)(e) State Bank ofState Bank of

    Patiala (SBP),Patiala (SBP), (f)(f) State Bank ofState Bank ofSaurashtra (SBS),Saurashtra (SBS), (g)(g) and State Bank ofand State Bank of

    Travancore (SBT).Travancore (SBT).

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    However, theHowever, the major nationalisationmajor nationalisationof banks happened inof banks happened in 19691969 by theby the

    then-Prime Ministerthen-Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.Indira Gandhi.

    The majorThe major objectiveobjective behindbehind

    nationalisationnationalisation was to spreadwas to spreadbanking infrastructure in rural areasbanking infrastructure in rural areas

    and makeand make cheap financecheap finance available toavailable to

    Indian farmersIndian farmers..

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    TheThe nationalised 14 majornationalised 14 major

    commercialcommercial banks were:- Allahabadbanks were:- AllahabadBank, Andhra Bank, Bank of Baroda,Bank, Andhra Bank, Bank of Baroda,Bank of India, Bank of Maharashtra,Bank of India, Bank of Maharashtra,Canara Bank, Central Bank of India,Canara Bank, Central Bank of India,

    Corporation Bank, Dena Bank, IndianCorporation Bank, Dena Bank, IndianBank, Indian Overseas Bank, OrientalBank, Indian Overseas Bank, OrientalBank of Commerce (OBC), Punjab andBank of Commerce (OBC), Punjab andSind Bank, Punjab National BankSind Bank, Punjab National Bank

    (PNB), Syndicate Bank, UCO Bank,(PNB), Syndicate Bank, UCO Bank,Union Bank of India, United Bank ofUnion Bank of India, United Bank ofIndia (UBI), and Vijaya Bank.India (UBI), and Vijaya Bank.

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    In the yearIn the year 19801980, the, the second phasesecond phase ofof

    nationalization of Indian banks took place, innationalization of Indian banks took place, in

    whichwhich 7 more banks7 more banks werewere nationalisednationalised withwith

    deposits overdeposits over 200 crores200 crores. With this, the. With this, the

    GovernmentGovernment of India held a control overof India held a control over 91%91%of the banking industry in India.of the banking industry in India.

    AfterAfter thethe nationalisationnationalisation of banks there was aof banks there was ahugehuge jump in thejump in the deposits and advancesdeposits and advances withwith

    the banks. At present, thethe banks. At present, the State Bank of IndiaState Bank of Indiais the largest commercial bank of India and isis the largest commercial bank of India and is

    ranked one of theranked one of the top fivetop five banks worldwide. Itbanks worldwide. Itserves 90 millionserves 90 million customers through a networkcustomers through a network

    ofof9,000 branches.9,000 branches.

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    List of nationalized banks inList of nationalized banks in

    IndiaIndia

    Allahabad BankAllahabad Bank Andhra BankAndhra Bank Bank of BarodaBank of Baroda Bank of IndiaBank of India Bank ofBank ofMaharashtraMaharashtra CanaraCanaraBankBank Central Bank of IndiaCentral Bank of India Corporation BankCorporation Bank Dena BankDena Bank

    Syndicate BankSyndicate Bank UCO BankUCO Bank Union Bank of IndiaUnion Bank of India United Bank of IndiaUnited Bank of India VijayaVijayaBankBank IDBI BankIDBI Bank

    Indian Overseas BankIndian Overseas Bank Oriental Bank of CommerceOriental Bank of Commerce Punjab andPunjab andSindSindBankBank

    Punjab National BankPunjab National Bank State Bank of Bikaner & JaipurState Bank of Bikaner & Jaipur

    State Bank of HyderabadState Bank of Hyderabad State Bank of India (SBI)State Bank of India (SBI) State Bank ofState Bank ofIndoreIndore State Bank ofState Bank ofMysoreMysore State Bank ofState Bank ofPatialaPatiala State Bank ofState Bank ofSaurashtraSaurashtra

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    Advantages of nationalizedAdvantages of nationalized

    banksbanks

    Removal of industrial monopolyRemoval of industrial monopoly: Before: Beforenationalization of banks credit was concentrated to fewnationalization of banks credit was concentrated to fewhands and this formed industrial monopoly. No personhands and this formed industrial monopoly. No personthan big industrialist could get loan and advances.than big industrialist could get loan and advances.

    Credit facility to agricultureCredit facility to agriculture: Agriculture sector is: Agriculture sector is

    back bone of India. This sector was neglected andback bone of India. This sector was neglected andthere was no credit facility available to agriculturethere was no credit facility available to agriculturesector before nationalization.sector before nationalization.

    Credit facility to small industriesCredit facility to small industries: Nationalization: Nationalizationwas necessary because small scale industry waswas necessary because small scale industry wascompletely neglected by the private banks.completely neglected by the private banks.

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    Collection of savingCollection of saving: The private banks: The private banks

    did not attract more saving as nationalizeddid not attract more saving as nationalized

    banks could. So the banks were nationalizedbanks could. So the banks were nationalized

    for increasing the habits of savings.for increasing the habits of savings.

    Protection of black moneyProtection of black money: In order to: In order toavoid income tax, the people kept blackavoid income tax, the people kept black

    money with banks. The tax collection wasmoney with banks. The tax collection was

    not possible. For the solution of thisnot possible. For the solution of this

    problem, the banks were nationalized.problem, the banks were nationalized.

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    DISADVANTAGES OF NATIONALIZED OF BANKS.DISADVANTAGES OF NATIONALIZED OF BANKS.

    Time consumingTime consuming

    Lack of customer satisfactionLack of customer satisfaction

    Technological backwardnessTechnological backwardness

    Less competitionLess competition

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    What is private Bank?What is private Bank? InitiallyInitially all theall the banks in Indiabanks in India werewere privateprivate

    banksbanks, which were founded in the pre-, which were founded in the pre-independence era to cater to the banking needs ofindependence era to cater to the banking needs ofthe people.the people.

    In 1921In 1921,, three major banksthree major banks i.e. Banks of Bengal,i.e. Banks of Bengal,Bank of Bombay, and Bank of Madras,Bank of Bombay, and Bank of Madras, mergedmerged toto

    formform ImperialImperialBankBankof India.of India. In 1935In 1935, the Reserve Bank of India, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI)(RBI) waswas

    establishedestablished and itand it tooktookover the central bankingover the central bankingresponsibilitiesresponsibilities from thefrom the Imperial BankImperial Bankof India,of India,transferring commercial banking functionstransferring commercial banking functionscompletely to RBI.completely to RBI.

    In 1955, after the declaration of first-five year plan,In 1955, after the declaration of first-five year plan,Imperial Bank of India was subsequentlyImperial Bank of India was subsequentlytransformed into State Bank of India (SBI).transformed into State Bank of India (SBI).

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    Following thisFollowing this,, occurredoccurred thethe nationalizationnationalizationof major banks in India onof major banks in India on 19 July 1969.19 July 1969.

    TheThe GovernmentGovernment of Indiaof India issued anissued anordinanceordinance andand nationalizednationalized thethe 1414 largestlargestcommerciacommerciall banksbanks of India, including Punjabof India, including PunjabNational Bank (PNB), Allahabad Bank, CanaraNational Bank (PNB), Allahabad Bank, Canara

    Bank, Central Bank of India, etc.Bank, Central Bank of India, etc.

    Thus, public sector banks revived to take upThus, public sector banks revived to take upleading role in the banking structure.leading role in the banking structure.

    In 1980In 1980, the GOI nationalized, the GOI nationalized 6 more6 morecommercial banks, withcommercial banks, with controlcontrol overover 91%91% ofofbanking business of India.banking business of India.

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    In 1994In 1994, the Reserve Bank Of India, the Reserve Bank Of India (RBI)(RBI)issuedissued aapolicy ofpolicy ofliberalizationliberalization to license limited number ofto license limited number ofprivate banks, which came to be known as Newprivate banks, which came to be known as New

    Generation tech-savvy banks.Generation tech-savvy banks.Global Trust BankGlobal Trust Bankwas, thus, thewas, thus, the first privatefirst private

    bankbank after liberalizationafter liberalization; it was later known as; it was later known asOriental Bank of Commerce (OBC).Oriental Bank of Commerce (OBC).

    Then Housing Development Finance CorporationThen Housing Development Finance Corporation

    LimitedLimited (HDFC(HDFC) became the) became the firstfirst (still existing) to(still existing) toreceive an 'in principle'receive an 'in principle' approvalapproval from the Reservefrom the ReserveBank of IndiaBank of India (RBI)(RBI) to set up a bank in the privateto set up a bank in the privatesector.sector.

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    At presentAt present,, Private BanksPrivate Banks in Indiain India includeinclude

    leading banks like ICICI Banks, ING Vysya Bank,leading banks like ICICI Banks, ING Vysya Bank,

    Jammu & Kashmir Bank, Karnataka Bank, KotakJammu & Kashmir Bank, Karnataka Bank, Kotak

    Mahindra Bank and International Bank, etc.Mahindra Bank and International Bank, etc.

    Undoubtedly, being tech-savvy and full of expertise,Undoubtedly, being tech-savvy and full of expertise,

    private banks have played a major role in theprivate banks have played a major role in the

    development of Indian banking industry.development of Indian banking industry.

    They haveThey have made banking more efficient andmade banking more efficient andcustomer friendlycustomer friendly. In the process they have jolted. In the process they have jolted

    public sector banks out of complacency and forcedpublic sector banks out of complacency and forced

    them to become more competitive.them to become more competitive.

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    List of Some PrivateList of Some Private

    BanksBanksHDFC BankHDFC BankHousing Development Finance CorporationHousing Development Finance Corporation Limited, moreLimited, morepopularly known as HDFC Bank Ltd, waspopularly known as HDFC Bank Ltd, was established inestablished in the yearthe year19941994, as a part of the liberalization of the Indian Banking Industry, as a part of the liberalization of the Indian Banking Industryby Reserve Bank of India (RBI). It was one of the first banks toby Reserve Bank of India (RBI). It was one of the first banks toreceive an 'in principle' approval from RBI, for setting up a bank inreceive an 'in principle' approval from RBI, for setting up a bank in

    the private sector.the private sector.

    ICICI BankICICI BankICICI BankICICI Bank startedstarted as a wholly owned subsidiary of ICICI Limited,as a wholly owned subsidiary of ICICI Limited,

    an Indian financial institution,an Indian financial institution, in 1994in 1994. Four years later, when the. Four years later, when thecompany offered ICICI Bank's shares to the public, ICICI'scompany offered ICICI Bank's shares to the public, ICICI'sshareholding was reduced to 46%. In the year 2000, ICICI Bankshareholding was reduced to 46%. In the year 2000, ICICI Bankoffered made an equity offering in the form of ADRs on the Newoffered made an equity offering in the form of ADRs on the NewYork Stock Exchange (NYSE)York Stock Exchange (NYSE)

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    SBI Commercial and International BankSBI Commercial and International BankSBI Commercial and International Bank, (SBICI) is a completelySBI Commercial and International Bank, (SBICI) is a completelyowned private auxiliary of India's biggest banking and financialowned private auxiliary of India's biggest banking and financialservices set up, the State Bank of India.services set up, the State Bank of India. Established in 1995Established in 1995to back SBI's corporate and international banking services, theto back SBI's corporate and international banking services, the

    SBI Commercial and International Bank is the only bank inSBI Commercial and International Bank is the only bank inIndia to be been awarded ISO-9002 quality systemsIndia to be been awarded ISO-9002 quality systemscertification for the Bank as a wholecertification for the Bank as a whole

    UTI BankUTI Bank

    Axis Bank was formed as UTI when it wasAxis Bank was formed as UTI when it was incorporated inincorporated in19941994 when Government of India allowed private players in thewhen Government of India allowed private players in thebanking sector. The bank was sponsored together by thebanking sector. The bank was sponsored together by theadministrator of the specified undertaking of the Unit Trust ofadministrator of the specified undertaking of the Unit Trust ofIndia, Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) and GeneralIndia, Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) and GeneralInsurance Corporation ltd.Insurance Corporation ltd.

    YES BankYES Bank

    Yes Bank is one of the top most private Indian banks. AwardedYes Bank is one of the top most private Indian banks. Awardedby the only Greenfield license award by RBI in last 14 years,by the only Greenfield license award by RBI in last 14 years,this bank is established and run by Rana Kapoor and Ashokthis bank is established and run by Rana Kapoor and AshokKapur with the financial support of Rabobank Nederland, theKapur with the financial support of Rabobank Nederland, the

    world's single AAA rated private Bank.world's single AAA rated private Bank.

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    A powerful partnershipA powerful partnership. We work closely. We work closely

    with you and your staff. We also work withwith you and your staff. We also work with

    your attorney, accountant, insurance specialistyour attorney, accountant, insurance specialistand investment advisor to coordinate services.and investment advisor to coordinate services.

    Access to special benefitsAccess to special benefits. customer. customer

    enjoys special benefits such as exclusiveenjoys special benefits such as exclusive

    rights to purchase tickets to events, gifts,rights to purchase tickets to events, gifts,

    different packages etc.different packages etc.

    Better ServicesBetter Services. Private Banks provide. Private Banks provide

    better services as compared to public banksbetter services as compared to public banks

    Di d t f i tDi d t f i t

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    Disadvantages of privateDisadvantages of private

    BanksBanks

    Higher RiskHigher Risk

    Higher Rate of interestHigher Rate of interest

    Less StabilityLess Stability

    Unbalanced growthUnbalanced growth

    Loan Restricted to Urban area onlyLoan Restricted to Urban area only

    Higher profit motiveHigher profit motive

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