Topic #1: Cell Biology Performance Part I

1. [5 marks]

Outline the stages of the cell cycle.

2. [5 marks]

Describe the process of endocytosis.

3a. [5 marks]

Draw a labelled diagram of a prokaryotic cell.

3b. [6 marks]

Explain the evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

4. [8 marks]

Cell membranes separate aqueous environments in cells. Explain how the properties of phospholipids

help to maintain the structure of cell membranes.

5. [5 marks]

Outline the role of proteins in active and passive transport of molecules through membranes.

6. [4 marks]

Draw a labelled diagram to show the molecular structure of a membrane.

7. [5 marks]

State the functions of the following organelles of a eukaryotic animal cell: lysosome, Golgi apparatus,

free ribosomes, plasma membrane, rough endoplasmic reticulum.

8. [5 marks]

Describe the characteristics of stem cells that make them potentially useful in medicine.

9a. [6 marks]

Draw a labelled diagram to show the structure of membranes.

9b. [8 marks]

Explain passive transport and active transport across membranes.

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10a. [4 marks]

Explain why DNA must be replicated before mitosis and the role of helicase in DNA replication.

10b. [9 marks]

Describe the events that occur during mitosis.

11. [5 marks]

Compare the structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

12. [5 marks]

Compare simple diffusion with facilitated diffusion as mechanisms to transport solutes across

membranes.

13a. [5 marks]

Draw a labelled diagram to show the structure of a membrane.

13b. [6 marks]

Outline how vesicles are used to transport materials secreted by a cell.

14. [4 marks]

Draw a labelled diagram showing the ultrastructure of a typical prokaryote.

15a. [1 mark]

The figure shows a transmission electron micrograph of rotavirus particles. Each rotavirus is about 70

nanometres in diameter.

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[Source: CDC / Dr. Erskine L. Palmer]

State a reason for using an electron microscope to view this virus rather than a light microscope.

15b. [2 marks]

Rotavirus causes diarrhea and vomiting. Explain why viral diseases cannot be treated using antibiotics.

16. [4 marks]

Reproduction in eukaryotes can be sexual or asexual.

Describe the origin of eukaryotic cells according to the endosymbiotic theory.

17a. [2 marks]

A juvenile gastropod will attack a juvenile oyster by using its tongue-like structure (radula) to drill a

hole through the oyster shell. Once the hole has been drilled, the gastropod sucks out the soft flesh.

Researchers investigated the shell thickness at the site of the drill hole in relation to the size of the

oyster. The results are seen in this graph.

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Native oyster populations are decreasing where rivers meet the ocean along the northwest coast of

North America. These oyster populations are being attacked by a gastropod.

It is known that oysters and gastropods have hard parts composed of calcium carbonate and that ocean

acidification is increasing. Studies were carried out using juvenile oysters and gastropods to investigate

the effects of acidification on the decrease in the population of oysters.

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The first step was to raise oysters in two different mesocosms. One had seawater at a normal

concentration of CO2 and the other had sea water with a high concentration of CO2. Gastropods were

raised in two further mesocosms with normal and high CO2 concentrations respectively.

Outline the trends shown in the data in the graph.

17b. [1 mark]

Equal numbers of oysters raised in seawater with a normal CO2 concentration and in seawater with a

high CO2 concentration were then presented together to the gastropod predators in seawater with a

normal CO2 concentration. The same numbers of oysters from the two groups were also presented

together to the gastropods in seawater with a high CO2 concentration. The bar charts show how many

of the oysters were drilled by the gastropods and the mean size of drilled oysters.

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Estimate how much smaller drilled oysters raised in seawater at a high CO2 concentration were than

drilled oysters raised in seawater at a normal CO2 concentration.

17c. [2 marks]

Deduce from the data in the bar charts which factors were and were not correlated significantly with

the number of oysters drilled by the gastropods.

17d. [2 marks]

Suggest reasons for the differences in the numbers of oysters drilled, as shown in the bar charts.

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17e. [2 marks]

Using all the data, evaluate how CO2 concentrations affect the development of oysters and their

predation by gastropods.

18a. [3 marks]

Pictured below are Louis Pasteur’s original drawings of swan-necked flasks.

Describe how Pasteur’s experiments provided convincing evidence to falsify the concept of

spontaneous generation.

18b. [1 mark]

State the function of life in Paramecium that is carried out by:

cilia.

18c. [1 mark]

State the function of life in Paramecium that is carried out by:

the contractile vacuole.

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18d. [3 marks]

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the use of adult stem cells.

19. [2 marks]

The electron micrograph shows the structures in an exocrine gland cell of the pancreas.

Using the table, identify the organelles labelled I and II on the electron micrograph with their principal

role.

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20. [2 marks]

Outline the use of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) to treat Stargardt’s disease.

21a. [1 mark]

The image is an electron micrograph.

Determine, with a reason, whether the image is of a prokaryotic cell or eukaryotic cell.

21b. [5 marks]

(i) State the process that divides one nucleus into two genetically identical nuclei.9

(ii) Explain how the cell cycle is controlled.

22. [2 marks]

The micrograph shows a section of an organ in the human body.

The actual length of the structure labelled Y is 0.8 mm between the two black lines. Calculate the

magnification of the micrograph. Working should be shown.

23. [3 marks]

Solutions of ions, for example NaCl dissolved in water, can be used to investigate the concentration of

solutes in plant tissues. After immersion in solutions of varying concentration, the percentage changes

in mass of potato samples were measured. The graph shows the results.

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(i) Estimate the osmolarity of the plant tissue.

.......................moles dm–3

(ii) Identify which part of the graph represents samples measured in a hypotonic solution.

(iii) State one possible source of error when collecting data during this experiment.

24a. [1 mark]

The diagrams show a virus and a bacterium.

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Calculate the magnification of the bacterium.

24b. [1 mark]

State the method that bacteria use to divide.

24c. [1 mark]

Outline the effectiveness of antibiotics against viruses and bacteria.

25. [3 marks]

Discuss the evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of eukaryotes.

26a. [2 marks]

Outline the cell theory

26b. [2 marks]

Annotate the electron micrograph of the Escherichia coli cell with the function of the structures labelled

I and II.

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26c. [1 mark]

Calculate the magnification of the electron micrograph.

27. [3 marks]

The diagram shows some of the later stages in the origin of eukaryotic cells according to the

endosymbiotic theory.

Discuss the endosymbiotic theory including the evidence for the process shown in the diagram.

28. [4 marks]

Discuss the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of eukaryotes.

29a. [3 marks]

The diagram shows some of the structures in an animal cell.

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(i) Label structures I, II, III and IV.

I.

II.

III.

IV.

(ii) State one function of structure III.

29b. [2 marks]

Explain how materials are transported within a cell between structures X and Y.

30. [1 mark]

The diagram shows a human karyotype.

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State at what stage in the cell cycle the cells would be when this photograph was taken.

31a. [1 mark]

The diagram shows how vesicles are used to transport materials in a cell.

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State the name of organelle A.

31b. [1 mark]

State the process occurring at B.

31c. [2 marks]

Describe how the structure of the membrane allows the formation of vesicles.

31d. [3 marks]

Explain active transport across membranes.

Printed for Pritzker College Prep

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International Baccalaureate® - Baccalauréat International® - Bachillerato Internacional®

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