ibm adept
TRANSCRIPT
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DEVICE DEMOCRACYSolid 2015
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IBM Institute for Business Value
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© 2015 IBM Corporation
CREDITSIBM IBV !Paul Brody Veena Pureswaran Sumbala NairSanjay Pannikar ADEPT team !SpeakerHenning Diedrich
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ADEPTIoT research project by IBM
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© 2015 IBM Corporation
ADEPT: CES DEMO RECAP
• washer buying detergent
• washer bartering energy use
• washer ordering service
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RetailerOrder, Payment
Confirmation
Payment
Negotiation
Detergent!Check
TV Price Alert
Confirmation
Service Request
Service"Vendor Service Checklist!
Warranty Check
Owner
ADEPT"WASHER
Notification
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© 2015 IBM Corporation
BIG PICTURE IOT• coming massive computing power of ‘things’ • failed expectations • market size trailing predictions • IBM IoT Platform on Bluemix • autonomous devices • inter-device commerce
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© 2015 IBM Corporation
ADEPT: IOT CHALLENGE FOCUS
√ cost □ trust √ monetisation √ interoperability √ discoverability √ authentication √ long term service expectation □ scale
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Lack of Not future-proof
Lac
k of
pri
vacyInternet
of Things
Broke
n business High cost
m
odels
fun
ctional value
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© 2015 IBM Corporation
DEVICE OWNERSHIP OPTIONS
• manufacturer • provider • owner • device
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© 2015 IBM Corporation
DECENTRALIZATION
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!
device agency device democracy
open platform common market
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ADEPT VISION
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ADEPT DESIGN
√ trust-less peer-to-peer messaging √ distributed file sharing √ autonomous device coordination □ identity
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© 2015 IBM Corporation
ADEPT VISION
□ highly efficient digital marketplaces √ real-time resource competition √ inter-device agreements √ direct payments between devices √ service and resource barter between devices □ inter-device reputation !
√ = demo’ed11
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© 2015 IBM Corporation
ADEPT DEVICE CATEGORIES
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ADEPT Device Categories
Light&Wallet&
Messaging& File&Transfer&
Related&Peer&List&
Op7mized&Wallet&
Messaging& File&Transfer&
Related&Peer&List&
Autonomous&Device&Coordina7on&Framework&
Data&Management&&&Analy7cs&
Transac7on&Verifica7on&(capabilityIbased)&
Full&Wallet&
Messaging& File&Transfer&
Related&Peer&List&
Autonomous&Device&Coordina7on&Framework&
Data&Management&&&Analy7cs&
Transac7on&Verifica7on&&(Full)&
Marketplace&Enablers&
P.&Ex.&Marketplaces&
Implemented&as&PoC&
Proposed&
Light&Peer&
Standard&Peer&
Peer&Exchange&
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© 2015 IBM Corporation
ADEPT ARCHITECTURE
(√) protocols, services, applications √ TeleHash, BitTorrent, Ethereum □ light peers, standard peers, hub
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ADEPT ArchitectureLogical View
Devices enabled as decentralized autonomous peers Device communication private by
UI
Business
Messaging
LifeCycle
Message
Blockchain
LifeCycle
Transaction
File Sharing
LifeCycle
File sharing
Data
LifeCyclePeer
Analytics
Asset
Appliance Examples Resource
Virtual Diagnosti
Data Management (e.g. MySQL & Distributed DB)
E.g. Android, Linux compatibility
Messaging
Store &
OptimizedBlockchain
Mining
File Sharing(e.g.
Own and Light Peer protocol
Auto
nom
ous
Dev
ice
ADEPT Installer
Application
Open source
Open source
Data
OS
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ADEPT ArchitectureLogical View
Devices enabled as decentralized autonomous peers Device communication private by design Capability to achieve distributed consensus
UI
Business Logic
Messaging Service
LifeCycle
Message Handler
Blockchain Service
LifeCycle
Transaction Handler
File Sharing Service
LifeCycle
File sharing Handler
Data Management Service
LifeCycle
Peer Management
Analytics
Assetsharing
Appliance Self-service Examples
Resource Bartering
Virtual CreditManagement
Diagnostics
Data Management (e.g. MySQL & Distributed DB)
E.g. Android, Linux compatibility
Messaging (e.g. Telehash)
Store & Forward
OptimizedBlockchain
(e.g. Ethereum)
Mining
File Sharing(e.g. BitTorrent & OBEX)
Own and Light Peer protocol handler
Auto
nom
ous
Dev
ice
Cord
inat
ion
Fram
ewor
k
ADEPT Installer
Application Layer
Open source Services
Open source Protocols
Data Layer
OS Interface
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© 2015 IBM Corporation
ADEPT DEVICE SECURITY AND MAINTENANCE
• automatic and secure software updates • verification of trustworthiness of peers • self-maintaining, self-servicing units
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© 2015 IBM Corporation|
/Use Case 1: The Autonomous WasherAutonomous transactions between Washer, Retailer, After Sales Service and other appliances.
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RetailerOrder, Payment
Confirmation
PaymentNegotiation
Detergent!Check
TV Price Alert
ConfirmationService Request
Service"Vendor Service Checklist!
Warranty Check
Owner
ADEPT"WASHER
Notification
1 2
3
Consumables Marketplace 1
2
3
Service Marketplace
Energy Marketplace
Use Case Scenarios:
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Interactions – Detergent reorder
Trigger:Detergent falls below re-order levelMake payment against existing contract.!Features demonstratedConsumables analyticsPolicy to invoke payment contractSecure point to point messaging
Ethereum Payment()
TelehashCreate order()
TelehashDispatch confirmation ()
Notify owner()
Notify owner()
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2
2
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4
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Authorized Retailer
Authorized Retailer
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© 2015 IBM Corporation|18
Interactions – component in-warranty replacement
If In warranty, raise telehash Replacement Order()
If in warranty, Telehash Service order confirm ()Notify owner()
Notify owner()Verify warranty status()
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2
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Trigger:Washer detects potential air filter failure.Find authorized service center.
!Internet discoveryIn device analyticsBlock chain verificationSecure point to point messaging
Check warranty status()
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BLOCKCHAINWhy Blockchain?
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© 2015 IBM Corporation
WHAT IS A BLOCKCHAIN?
!
• trust-less network
• signed transactions
• public consensus
• transaction code
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SMART CONTRACTS
• transaction scripts • on- or off-chain • transacting value-holding token • micro-fee capability
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BLOCKCHAIN CHALLENGES
privacy scaling mining finality volatility legality stability
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• Bitcoin limited smart contracts • Ethereum not ready • Ripple not decentralized
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THE CLOUDas peer
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CLOUD AND ADEPT
• hash key in the chain
• content in key-value* store like Cloudant
• scaling platform like Softlayer
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CLOUD AS PEER
Cloud as State-Holder
• cost efficient
• unlimited capacity
• elastic scale
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Cloud as Code-Repository
• light protocol
• fast execution
• out-of-band validation
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ONGOING DEVELOPMENTS
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CURRENT RESEARCH
• Consensus implementations • Performance scaling vs centralized solutions • Energy cost of proof of stake vs. proof of work
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CONSENSUS IMPLEMENTATIONS
• Proof of Work • Proof of Stake • Traditional Consensus Protocols
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PERFORMANCE SCALING VS CENTRALIZED SOLUTIONS
Performance for decentralized and centralized models with increasing network size for downloading a 100 MB file, with Kademlia messages generated between any random pair of nodes at an interval of 30 ms.
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ENERGY COST
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Power&Consump-on:&PoS&v/s&PoW • 2"device"types""
• GPU_dev:""• Radeon"R9"290X"
• Idle"power:"20W"• Stressed"power:"308W"
• Intel"BaseAT"NIC"• Idle"power:"21.2W"• AcHve"power:"21.4W"
• CPU_dev:""• Intel"PenHum"4"540"processor""
• Idle"power:"150W"• Stressed"power:"223W"
• Intel"BaseAT"NIC"• Idle"power:"21.2W"• AcHve"power:"21.4W"
"
• 1000"devices"• 100"miners,"900"nonAminers"• 1"blockchain,"12s"blockAHme"• Nature"of"traffic"
• SimulaHon"run"for"12,000"seconds"(1000"block"Hmes)"• On"average,"an"event"happens"every"0.25s"• Event"is"either"publish_contract,"call_contract,"or"
send_money."Each"happens"with"equal"probability."
• Up"to"41%"less"power"consumed"by"PoS"than"PoW."This"is"in"the"all"GPU"case."
0"20"40"60"80"100"120"140"160"180"200"
0" 0.25" 0.5" 0.75" 1"
Avg."Pow
er"Con
sumed
"
FracHon"of"GPU"devices"
Total"PoS" Total"PoW"
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© 2015 IBM Corporation
ENERGY COST
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• 1000#Raspberry#Pi�s##• 100#miners,#900#non3miners#• 12s#block38me#• Simula8on#run#for#12,000s#• Choice#of#consensus#mechanism#ma>ers#–#
but#not#so#much#for#low#power#devices#• PoW#consumes#less#than#6%#more#energy#
than#PoS#• Energy#consumed#by#PoS#consensus#
mechanism#is#close#to#devices#opera8ng#in#idle#mode#
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© 2015 IBM Corporation
BLOCKCHAIN SIZE
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Size%of%the%Add,only%Block,chain
0"
200"
400"
600"
800"
1000"
1200"
1" 7" 13" 19" 25" 31" 37" 43" 49" 55" 61" 67" 73" 79" 85" 91" 97"103"109"115"121"127"133"139"145"151"157"163"169"175"181"187"193"199"205"211"217"223"229"235"241"247"253"259"265"271"277"283"289"
Size"of"B
lockchain"(M
B)"
Time"(Hours)"
100"tps" 50"tps" 25"tps" 10"tps"
• This"chart"emphasizes"the"need"for"block"chain"pruning."• A"device"with"1GB"memory"would"run"out"of"memory"fairly"quickly."""
Time"of"crash"
Time"of"crash"
Time"of"crash"
Time"of"crash"
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OTHERS’ EFFORTS
• Samsung • Filament • 21
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FILAMENT
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FILAMENT
TeleHash Bitcoin mainnet Blockname DNS JOSE off-chain code Pennybank microtransactions
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SUMMARY & OUTLOOK
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WHAT WE'VE LEARNED
• concept works • much left to do • blockchain works as advertised • smart contracts are a powerful new paradigm • machine-to-machine commerce works
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WHAT WE DON'T KNOW YET
• scaling • privacy • consensus algorithm
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PRODUCTS AS SUBSCRIBED EXPERIENCE
• empowering the sharing economy
• subscription, not purchase
• full life time full service
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Instrumented
Intelligent
Invisible
Interactive
Interconnected
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BUILDING AN OPEN DEVICE ECOSYSTEM
!
Charge to the industry
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p
Registration of new device
Authentication of remote
users
Contract to barter power with other
appliances
Checklist for automobile
safety