ibn battuta visits mecca - mrcaseyhistory · 2015-12-10 · ibn battuta visits mecca !...

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Ibn Battuta Visits Mecca Background: Ideas as well as goods traveled along the Muslim trade routes that connected Asia, Europe, and Africa. Travelers like Ibn Battuta also spread ideas and information. Ibn Battuta was a Muslim traveler who spent 24 years traveling the Muslim world to meet scholars and rulers. His travel journal gives us a firsthand account of people, places, and historical events he witnessed. Read the journal entry below about Ibn Battuta’s visit to Mecca and answer the questions on your notes sheet. Performing the Hajj pilgrimage We saw before our eyes the illustrious Kaaba, like a bride displayed on the bridal chair of majesty and the proud mantles of beauty.... We made the seven fold circulation of arrival and kissed the Holy [Black] Stone. We performed the prayer of two bowings at the Station of Abraham and clung to the curtains of the Kaaba between the door and the Black Stone, where prayer is answered. We drank of the water of the well of Zamzam which, if you drink it seeking restoration from illness, God restores you; if you drink it for satiation from hunger, God satisfies you; if you drink it to quench your thirst, God quenches it.... Praise be to God Who has honored us by visitation to this Holy House. The pious kindness of the people of Mecca The inhabitants of Mecca are distinguished by many excellent and noble activities and qualities, by their kindness to the humble and weak, and by their kindness to strangers. When any of them makes a feast, he begins by giving food to those who are poor and without resources. The majority of these unfortunates are to be found by the bakeries, and when anyone has his bread baked and takes it away to his house, they follow him and he gives each one of them some bread, sending away none disappointed. Even if he has but a single loaf, he gives away a third or a half of it, cheerfully and without any grudgingness. The people here are so generous. The cleanliness of the people of Mecca The Meccans are very elegant and clean in their dress, and most of them wear white robes, which you always see fresh and snowy. They use a great deal of perfume and make free use of toothpicks of green arakwood. The Meccan women are extraordinarily beautiful and modest. They too make great use of perfumes to such a degree that they will spend the night hungry in order to buy perfumes with the price of their food. They visit the mosque every Thursday night, wearing their finest apparel; and the whole sanctuary is saturated with the smell of their perfume. When one of these women goes away the odor of the perfume clings to the place after she has gone.

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Page 1: Ibn Battuta Visits Mecca - mrcaseyhistory · 2015-12-10 · Ibn Battuta Visits Mecca ! Background:!Ideas&as&well&as&goods&traveled&along&the&Muslim&trade&routes&thatconnected&Asia,&Europe,&and&

Ibn Battuta Visits Mecca  Background:  Ideas  as  well  as  goods  traveled  along  the  Muslim  trade  routes  that  connected  Asia,  Europe,  and  Africa.  Travelers  like  Ibn  Battuta  also  spread  ideas  and  information.  Ibn  Battuta  was  a  Muslim  traveler  who  spent  24  years  traveling  the  Muslim  world  to  meet  scholars  and  rulers.  His  travel  journal  gives  us  a  first-­‐hand  account  of  people,  places,  and  historical  events  he  witnessed.  Read  the  journal  entry  below  about  Ibn  Battuta’s  visit  to  Mecca  and  answer  the  questions  on  your  notes  sheet.    

Performing  the  Hajj  pilgrimage  We  saw  before  our  eyes  the  illustrious  Kaaba,  like  a  bride  displayed  on  the  bridal  chair  of  majesty  and  the  proud  mantles  of  beauty....  We  made  the  seven-­‐  fold  circulation  of  arrival  and  kissed  the  Holy  [Black]  Stone.  We  performed  the  prayer  of  two  bowings  at  the  Station  of  Abraham  and  clung  to  the  curtains  of  the  Kaaba  between  the  door  and  the  Black  Stone,  where  prayer  is  answered.  We  drank  of  the  water  of  the  well  of  Zamzam  which,  if  you  drink  it  seeking  restoration  from  illness,  God  restores  you;  if  you  drink  it  for  satiation  from  hunger,  God  satisfies  you;  if  you  drink  it  to  quench  your  thirst,  God  quenches  it....  

Praise  be  to  God  Who  has  honored  us  by  visitation  to  this  Holy  House.    The  pious  kindness  of  the  people  of  Mecca  The  inhabitants  of  Mecca  are  distinguished  by  many  excellent  and  noble  activities  and  qualities,  by  their  kindness  to  the  humble  and  weak,  and  by  their  kindness  to  strangers.  When  any  of  them  makes  a  feast,  he  begins  by  giving  food  to  those  who  are  poor  and  without  resources.  The  majority  of  these  unfortunates  are  to  be  found  by  the  bakeries,  and  when  anyone  has  his  bread  baked  and  takes  it  away  to  his  house,  they  follow  him  and  he  gives  each  one  of  them  some  bread,  sending  away  none  disappointed.  Even  if  he  has  but  a  single  loaf,  he  gives  away  a  third  or  a  half  of  it,  cheerfully  and  without  any  grudgingness.  The  people  here  are  so  generous.      The  cleanliness  of  the  people  of  Mecca  The  Meccans  are  very  elegant  and  clean  in  their  dress,  and  most  of  them  wear  white  robes,  which  you  always  see  fresh  and  snowy.  They  use  a  great  deal  of  perfume  and  make  free  use  of  toothpicks  of  green  arak-­‐wood.  The  Meccan  women  are  extraordinarily  beautiful  and  modest.  They  too  make  great  use  of  perfumes  to  such  a  degree  that  they  will  spend  the  night  hungry  in  order  to  buy  perfumes  with  the  price  of  their  food.  They  visit  the  mosque  every  Thursday  night,  wearing  their  finest  apparel;  and  the  whole  sanctuary  is  saturated  with  the  smell  of  their  perfume.  When  one  of  these  women  goes  away  the  odor  of  the  perfume  clings  to  the  place  after  she  has  gone.      

Page 2: Ibn Battuta Visits Mecca - mrcaseyhistory · 2015-12-10 · Ibn Battuta Visits Mecca ! Background:!Ideas&as&well&as&goods&traveled&along&the&Muslim&trade&routes&thatconnected&Asia,&Europe,&and&

Ibn Battuta Visits Mogadishu (East Africa)  Background:  Ideas  as  well  as  goods  traveled  along  the  Muslim  trade  routes  that  connected  Asia,  Europe,  and  Africa.  Travelers  like  Ibn  Battuta  also  spread  ideas  and  information.  Ibn  Battuta  was  a  14th  century  Muslim  traveler  who  spent  24  years  traveling  the  Muslim  world  to  meet  scholars  and  rulers.  His  travel  journal  gives  us  a  first  hand  account  of  people,  places,  and  historical  events  he  witnessed.  Read  the  journal  entry  below  about  Ibn  Battuta’s  visit  to  Mogadishu  (East  Africa)  and  answer  the  questions  on  your  notes  sheet.    Treatment  of  Visiting  Merchants  On  leaving  Zayla  we  sailed  for  fifteen  days  and  came  to  Maqdashaw  (Mogadishu),  which  is  an  enormous  town.  [with]  many  resources;  they  own  large  numbers  of  camels,  of  which  they  slaughter  hundreds  every  day  [for  food],  and  also  have  many  sheep.  It  is  the  custom  of  the  people  of  this  town  that,  when  a  vessel  (ship)  reaches  port,  it  is  met  by  sumbuqs,  which  are  small  boats,  in  each  of  which  are  a  number  of  young  men,  each  carrying  a  covered  dish  containing  food.  He  presents  this  to  one  of  the  merchants  on  the  ship  saying,  “this  is  my  guest,”  and  all  others  do  the  same.  Each  merchant…  goes  only  to  the  house  of  the  young  man  who  is  his  host...  The  host  then  sells  his  goods  for  him  and  buys  for  him,  and  if  anyone  buys  anything  from  him  at  too  low  a  price,  or  sells  to  him  in  the  absence  of  his  host,  they  regard  the  sale  as  invalid  (canceled).  There  is  a  profit  for  them  in  this  routine…    Special  Treatment  on  Friday  …We  stayed  three  days  and  food  was  brought  to  us  three  times  a  day,  for  that  is  their  custom.  On  the  fourth  day,  which  was  a  Friday,  the  Islamic  judge  and  students  and  one  of  the  rulers’  assistants  came  to  me,  bringing  a  set  of  robes.  These  official  robes  of  theirs  consist  of  a  silk  wrapper  which  one  ties  round  his  waist  in  place  of  trousers  and  a  belt.  We  went  to  the  grand  mosque  and  made  our  prayers  behind  the  area  that  was  only  for  the  ruler.  When  the  leader  came  out  of  the  door  he  said,  “You  are  heartily  welcome,  and  you  have  honored  our  land  and  given  us  pleasure.”              

         

Page 3: Ibn Battuta Visits Mecca - mrcaseyhistory · 2015-12-10 · Ibn Battuta Visits Mecca ! Background:!Ideas&as&well&as&goods&traveled&along&the&Muslim&trade&routes&thatconnected&Asia,&Europe,&and&

Ibn Battuta Visits Mal i (West Africa)  Background:  Ideas  as  well  as  goods  traveled  along  the  Muslim  trade  routes  that  connected  Asia,  Europe,  and  Africa.  Travelers  like  Ibn  Battuta  also  spread  ideas  and  information.  Ibn  Battuta  was  a  14th  century  Muslim  traveler  who  spent  24  years  traveling  the  Muslim  world  to  meet  scholars  and  rulers.  His  travel  journal  gives  us  a  first  hand  account  of  people,  places,  and  historical  events  he  witnessed.  Read  the  journal  entry  below  about  Ibn  Battuta’s  visit  to  Mali  (West  Africa)  and  answer  the  questions  on  your  notes  sheet.    Judgment  the  Character  of  the  People  of  Mali  The  negroes  possess  some  admirable  qualities.  They  are  fair,  and  have  a  greater  hate  of  injustice  than  any  other  people.  Their  sultan  (ruler)  shows  no  mercy  to  anyone  who  is  guilty  of  the  least  act  of  it.  There  is  complete  security  in  their  country.  Visitors  and  people  who  live  there  have  nothing  to  fear.  There  are  no  robbers  or  men  of  violence.    The  Religiousity  of  the  Malians  They  are  careful  to  observe  the  hours  of  prayer  as  well.  On  Fridays,  if  a  man  does  not  go  early  to  the  mosque,  he  cannot  find  a  corner  to  pray  in,  on  account  of  how  it  crowded  it  gets.  It  is  a  custom  of  theirs  to  send  each  boy  to  the  mosque  with  his  prayer-­‐mat;  the  boy  spreads  it  out  for  his  master  in  a  place  befitting  him  [and  remains  on  it]  until  he  comes  to  the  mosque.    This  is  almost  like  reserving  a  spot  to  pray.  Another  of  their  good  qualities  is  their…  desire  to  learn  the  Quran  by  heart.  They  put  their  children  in  chains  if  they  show  any  backwardness  in  memorizing  it,  and  they  are  not  set  free  until  they  know  it  by  heart.    The  Nakedness  of  the  Women  Among  their  bad  qualities  are  the  following.  The  women  servants,  slave-­‐girls,  and  young  girls  go  about  in  front  of  everyone  naked,  without  a  stitch  of  clothing  on  them.  Women  go  into  the  ruler's  presence  naked  and  

without  coverings,  and  his  daughters  also  go  about  naked.      Court  Ceremony  of  Mansa  Sulayman  The  negroes  are  of  all  people  the  most  submissive  to  their  king  and  the  most  abject  in  their  behavior  before  him…  If  he  summons  any  of  them…  the  person  summoned  takes  off  his  clothes  and  puts  on  worn  out  garments,  removes  his  turban  and  dons  a  dirty  skullcap,  and  enters  with  his  garments  and  trousers  raised  knee-­‐high.  He  goes  forward  in  an  attitude  of  humility  and  dejection  and  knocks  the  ground  hard  with  his  elbows,  then  stands  with  bowed  head  and  bent  back  listening  to  what  [the  king]  says.  If  anyone  addresses  the  king  and  receives  a  reply  from  him,  he  uncovers  his  back  and  throws  dust  over  his  head  and  back…  like  a  bather  splashing  himself  with  water.  I  used  to  wonder  how  it  was  they  did  not  blind  themselves.  If  the  sultan  delivers  any  remarks  during  his  audience,  those  present  take  off  their  turbans  and  put  them  down,  and  listen  in  silence  to  what  he  says.    

Page 4: Ibn Battuta Visits Mecca - mrcaseyhistory · 2015-12-10 · Ibn Battuta Visits Mecca ! Background:!Ideas&as&well&as&goods&traveled&along&the&Muslim&trade&routes&thatconnected&Asia,&Europe,&and&

Ibn Battuta Visits Constantinople (Byzantine Empire)  Background:  Ideas  as  well  as  goods  traveled  along  the  Muslim  trade  routes  that  connected  Asia,  Europe,  and  Africa.  Travelers  like  Ibn  Battuta  also  spread  ideas  and  information.  Ibn  Battuta  was  a  14th  century  Muslim  traveler  who  spent  24  years  traveling  the  Muslim  world  to  meet  scholars  and  rulers.  His  travel  journal  gives  us  a  first  hand  account  of  people,  places,  and  historical  events  he  witnessed.  Read  the  journal  entry  below  about  Ibn  Battuta’s  visit  to  Constantinople  and  answer  the  questions  on  your  notes  sheet.    

Impressions  of  the  City  The  city  is  enormous  in  size,  and  in  two  parts  separated  by  a  great  river…the  city  on  the  eastern  bank  of  the  river  contains  the  residence  of  the  Emperor,  the  nobles  and  the  rest  of  the  population.  Its  marketplaces  and  streets  are  spacious  and  paved  with  flagstones;  each  market  has  gates  which  are  closed  upon  it  at  night,  and  the  majority  of  the  artisans  and  sellers  in  them  are  women.  The  city  lies  at  the  foot  of  a  hill  which  projects  about  nine  miles  into  the  sea.  On  the  top  of  the  hill  there  is  a  small  citadel  and  the  Emperor's  palace.  Round  this  hill  runs  the  city-­‐wall,  which  is  very  strong  and  cannot  be  taken  by  assault  from  the  ocean.  Within  it  there  are  about  thirteen  inhabited  villages.  The  great  church  is  in  this  part  of  the  city…    

 Visiting  the  Hagia  Sophia  …Of  the  great  church  I  can  only  describe  the  exterior  (outside),  for  I  did  not  see  its  interior  (inside).  They  call  it  the  Hagia  Sophia  …It  is  one  of  the  greatest  churches  of  the  Greeks,  and  is  encircled  by  a  wall  so  that  it  looks  as  if  it  were  a  town.  It  has  thirteen  gates  and  a  sacred  enclosure,  which  is  about  a  mile  long  and  closed  by  a  great  gate.  No  one  is  prevented  from  entering  this  enclosure,  and  indeed  I  went  into  it  with  the  king's  father;  it  resembles  a  concert  hall  with  marble,  and  has  a  steam  which  comes  from  behind  the  Church.  Outside  the  gate  of  this  hall  are  platforms  and  shops.  …I  was  told  that  the  number  of  monks  and  priests  in  this  church  runs  into  thousands…and  that  inside  there  is  another  church  just  for  women  where  a  number  of  aged  women  who  devote  themselves  to  religious  practices.  It  is  the  custom  of  the  king,  the  nobles  and  the  rest  of  the  people  to  come  every  morning  to  visit  this  church…        

Page 5: Ibn Battuta Visits Mecca - mrcaseyhistory · 2015-12-10 · Ibn Battuta Visits Mecca ! Background:!Ideas&as&well&as&goods&traveled&along&the&Muslim&trade&routes&thatconnected&Asia,&Europe,&and&

Ibn Battuta Visits Delhi ( India)  Background:  Ideas  as  well  as  goods  traveled  along  the  Muslim  trade  routes  that  connected  Asia,  Europe,  and  Africa.  Travelers  like  Ibn  Battuta  also  spread  ideas  and  information.  Ibn  Battuta  was  a  14th  century  Muslim  traveler  who  spent  24  years  traveling  the  Muslim  world  to  meet  scholars  and  rulers.  His  travel  journal  gives  us  a  first  hand  account  of  people,  places,  and  historical  events  he  witnessed.  Read  the  journal  entry  below  about  Ibn  Battuta’s  visit  to  India  and  answer  the  questions  on  your  notes  sheet.    

 On  the  next  day  we  arrived  at  the  city  of  Delhi,  a  vast  and  magnificent  city,  uniting  beauty  with  strength.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  wall  that  has  no  equal  in  the  world,  and  is  the  largest  city  in  India,  nay  rather  the  largest  city  in  the  entire  Muslim  World…      …The  cathedral  mosque  occupies  a  large  area…The  site  used  to  be  occupied  by  a  temple,  and  was  converted  into  a  mosque.  In  the  northern  court  is  the  minaret  (tall  tower),  which  is  the  highest  in  the  lands  of  Islam.  It  is  built  of  red  stone  decorated  with  sculptures.  The  ball  on  the  top  is  of  glistening  white  marble  and  other  parts  are  of  pure  gold.  The  passage  is  so  wide  that  elephants  could  go  up  by  it.  A  person  in  whom  I  have  confidence  told  me  that  when  it  was  built  he  saw  an  elephant  climbing  with  stones  to  the  top…    …The  sultan's  (rulers)  palace  at  Delhi  is  called  Dar  Sara,  and  contains  many  doors.  At  the  first  door  there  are  a  number  of  guards,  and  beside  it  trumpeters  and  flute-­‐players.  When  any  important  person  arrives,  they  sound  their  instruments  and  say  "So-­‐and-­‐so  has  come,  

so-­‐and-­‐so  has  come."  The  same  takes  place  also  at  the  second  and  third  doors.  Outside  the  first  door  are  platforms  on  which  the  executioners  sit,  for  the  custom  amongst  them  is  that  when  the  sultan  orders  a  man  to  be  executed,  the  sentence  is  carried  out  at  the  door  of  the  audience  hall,  and  the  body  lies  there  over  three  nights.  Between  the  first  and  second  doors  there  is  a  large  waiting  area.  Between  the  second  and  third  doors  there  is  a  large  platform  on  which  the  banker  sits;  in  front  of  him  there  is  a  gold  staff,  which  he  holds  in  his  hand,  and  on  his  head  he  wears  a  jeweled  tiara  of  gold,  surmounted  by  peacock  feathers.  The  second  door  leads  to  a  huge  hall  in  which  the  people  sit.  At  the  third  door  there  are  platforms  occupied  by  the  scribes  of  the  door.  One  of  their  customs  is  that  none  may  pass  through  this  door  except  those  with  permission.  The  scribe  keeps  track  of  anyone  who  comes  and  goes.  Another  of  their  customs  is  that  anyone  who  leaves  from  the  palace  for  three  days  or  more,  with  or  without  excuse,  may  not  enter  again  without  the  rulers  permission.  If  he  has  an  excuse  of  illness  or  otherwise  he  presents  the  sultan  with  a  gift  suitable  to  his  rank…