icdl 1 1-1.ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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ICDL
Syllabus Version 4.0
Module 1
Concepts of Information
Technoloy
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!hat is a Computer"
#eneral$purpose
%rorammable
Calculates
Stores results
A computer is a general-purpose, programmable deviceA computer is a general-purpose, programmable device
that is capable of calculating and storing resultsthat is capable of calculating and storing results
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!hat is a Computer"
Input Processing Output
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1.1.&.1 Distinuish 'et(een Main$frame Computer)
*et(or+ Computer) %C) Laptop and%ersonal Diital ,ssistant -%D,
Ma+e sure you understand
the follo(in terms/ Mainframe computer
*et(or+ computer %ersonal computer
Laptop computer
%ersonal Diital ,ssistant
-%D,
1.1.& Types of Computer
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1.1.&.1 Distinuish 'et(een Computers in Terms
of Capacity) Speed) Cost) and Typical sers.
Mainframe Computers Very po(erful) used by lare
oranisations such an ban+s to
control the entire businessoperation. Very epensi2e3
%ersonal Computers Cheap and easy to use. ften
used as stand$alone computers or
in a net(or+. May be connectedto lare mainframe computers
(ithin bi companies
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1.1.&.1 Distinuish 'et(een Computers in Terms
of Capacity) Speed) Cost) and Typical sers.
Laptop Computer is a battery$ or ,C$po(ered personal
computer enerally smaller than a
briefcase that can easily be transported
and con2eniently used in temporaryspaces such as on airplanes) in libraries)
temporary offices and at meetins
, laptop typically (eihs less than &kg
and is 5cm or less in thic+ness
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1.1.&.1 Distinuish 'et(een Computers in Terms
of Capacity) Speed) Cost) and Typical sers.
%ersonal Diital ,ssistant -%D, is a small mobile hand$held de2ice that
pro2ides computin and information
storae and retrie2al for personal or
business use Most %D,s ha2e a small +eyboard
Some %D,s ha2e an electronically
sensiti2e pad on (hich hand(ritin can
be recei2ed
Typical uses include schedule and
address boo+ storae and retrie2al andnote$enterin
Increasinly) %D,s are combined (ith
telephones and pain systems
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1.1.1.1 nderstand the 'asic Concepts of 6ard(are)
Soft(are and Information Technoloy -IT.
6ard(are The term hard(are refers to the
physical parts of a computer such asthe system unit) mouse) +eyboard)monitor etc
Soft(are The soft(are is the set of instructions
that ma+e the computer beha2e in ai2en (ay
Soft(are is held either on yourcomputer7s hard dis+) CD$8M) DVDor on a dis+ette -floppy dis+ and isloaded -i.e. copied from the dis+ intothe computers 8,M -8andom ,ccessMemory) as and (hen re9uired
1.1.1 6ard(are:Soft(are Information Technoloy
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1.1.1.1 nderstand the 'asic Concepts of 6ard(are)
Soft(are and Information Technoloy -IT.
Information Technoloy encompasses all forms of technoloy
used to create) store) echane) anduse information in its 2arious forms-business data) 2oice con2ersations)still imaes) motion pictures)multimedia presentations) and otherforms) includin those not yetconcei2ed
It;s a con2enient term for includin
both telephony and computertechnoloy in the same (ord. It is thetechnoloy that is dri2in (hat hasoften been called
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.2 Hardware
Internal 6ard(are Components
=ternal 6ard(are Components
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1.&.1.1 The Central %rocessin nit -C%
The C% -Central %rocessin nit
is normally an Intel %entium -or
e9ui2alent and it is one of the most
important components (ithin yourcomputer It determines ho( fast your computer
(ill run and is measured by its #6> or
M6> speed
?or eample) a &.4 #6> %entium is much
faster than a 400 M6> %entium C% It is the C% that performs all the
calculations (ithin the computer
1.&.1 Internal 6ard(are Components
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1.&.1.1 nderstand the Term Central %rocessin nit
-C% and @no( !hat the C% Does
The C% is the brains (ithin your
computer It is responsible for loic control and carries
out most of the calculations (ithin thecomputer
It ensures the smooth runnin of the operatin
system -e.. !indo(s as (ell as applications)
such as (ord$processors) spreadsheets and
databases
The C% speed larely determines the speed
of the computer and is measured in meahert>
-M6> or iahert> -#6>
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1.&.1.& The 6ard Dis+
6ard dis+s are the main) laredata storae area (ithin yourcomputer
They are used to store youroperatin system) yourapplication prorams -i.e. your(ord processor) ames etc andyour data
They are much faster than CD$8Ms and floppy dis+s and canalso hold much more data
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1.&.1.A Types of Memory
8,M The 8,M -8andom ,ccess
Memory is (here the operatin
system is loaded and also (here
your applications are copied to
(hen you load an application)
such as a (ord processor or
database proram.
8M The 8M$'IS -8ead nly
Memory $ 'asic Input utput
System chip is a special chipheld on your computer;s system
-mother board.
It contains soft(are that is
re9uired to ma+e your computer
(or+ (ith your operatin system
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1.&.1.4 @no( 6o( Computer Memory Is Measured
'it ,ll computers (or+ on a binary numberin system) i.e. they
process data in ones or >eros. This 1 or 0 le2el of storae iscalled a bit
'yte , byte consists of eiht bits
@ilobyte , +ilobyte -@' consists of 10&4 bytes
Meabyte
, meabyte -M' consists of 10&4 +ilobytes #iabyte , iabyte -#' consists of 10&4 meabytes
Terabyte , terabyte -T' consists of 10&4 iabytes
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1.1.4.1 @no( Some of the ?actors ThatImpact on a Computer;s %erformance
C% speed
8,M si>e 6ard dis+ speed and
capacity *umber of
applications runnin
1.&.1.B Computer %erformance
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Input de2ices @eyboard Mouse
Scanner
Diital camera
utput De2icesMonitor -VD%rinter
Spea+ers
1.&.& =ternal 6ard(are Components
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De2ices for Inputtin Data
The Mouse sed to dri2e7 !indo(s
The @eyboard The +eyboard is still the commonest (ay
of enterin information into a computer
Scanner , scanner allo(s you to scan printed
material and con2ert it into a file formatthat may be used (ithin the %C
Touchpad , de2ice that lays on the des+top and
responds to pressure
Liht %en sed to allo( users to point to areas on
a screen
1.&.&.1 Input De2ices
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De2ices for Inputtin Data continued
Diital camera This produces a diital
picture file that can beprinted) sent 2ia e$mail orposted to a (eb pae
, (ebcam enables mo2inimaes to be 2ie(ed in realtime 2ia the internet
Microphone , de2ice that allo(s sound
sinals to be con2erted intodiital files that may be
stored on the computer It enables 2oice$reconition
soft(are to be used
It also allo(s telephony 2iathe internet
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De2ices for outputtin data
Monitor -VD The computer screen is used
for outputtin information in an
understandable format for
humans ?lat$screen LCD monitors are
rapidly becomin commonplace
%rinters There are many different types
of printers
In lare orani>ations laserprinters are most commonly
used due to the fact that they
can print 2ery fast and i2e a
2ery hih 9uality output
1.&.&.& utput De2ices
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De2ices for outputtin data continued
%lotters , plotter is an output de2ice
similar to a printer) but
normally allo(s you to print
larer imaes
Spea+ers =nhances the 2alue of
educational and presentation
products
Speech synthesisers #i2es you the ability to notonly to display tet on a
monitor but also to read the
tet to you
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1.&.A. Input : utput De2ices
Touchscreens These are both input and output de2ices
Contact (ith the screen by means of a
diit pro2ides the input by ma+in a
selection
The result is then displayed on the
screen in the form of information or
i2es a menu from (hich further choices
may be made
Touchscreens are commonly used in
interacti2e kiosks
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1.&.4 %eripheral De2ices
, peripheral de2ice is any
de2ice that you can attach
to your computer Eou can attach a scanner)
printer) data proFector)
spea+ers etc. to your system
unit
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1.&.B.1 Compare Memory Storae De2ices
Hard Disk
Speed/ Very fast3
The speed of a hard dis+ is often 9uoted as
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1.&.B.1 Compare Memory Storae De2ices
Diskette (Floppy Disk)
Speed/
Very slo(3
Capacity/
*ormally 1.44 Mbytes
Cost/
Very cheap
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1.&.B.1 Compare Memory Storae De2ices
CD-ROM
Speed/ Much slo(er than hard dis+s.
The oriinal CD$8M
specification is no( i2en a
2alue of 1 speed) and later)
faster CD$8Ms are 9uoted
as a multiple of this 2alue
Capacity/
,round 5B0 Mbytes
CD$8 dis+s can be (ritten to only once
CD$8! dis+s can be (ritten to more than once
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1.&.B.1 Compare Memory Storae De2ices
DVD Drives
Speed/
Much faster than CD$8M dri2es but not as fast as hard dis+s
Capacity/
p to 1H #'
Cost/ Slihtly hiher than CD$8M dri2es
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1.&.B.1 Compare Memory Storae De2ices
Zip Disk
Speed/ Slo(er than normal hard dis+s but ideal for bac+ups.
Capacity/
100 or &B0 Meabytes.
Cost/ Eou ha2e to consider both the cost of the dri2e) plus the cost
of each dis+ that you (ish to use in the dri2e. ften suppliers
(ill sell the dri2e plus a pac+ of B dis+s at a bundled discount
price.
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1.&.B.1 nderstand the %urpose of ?ormattin a Dis+
!hen !indo(s formats a dis+ette it/
Erases all previous data
Sets up a system for recording what is storedwhere on the disk
Checks the disk for physical and magnetic errors
Makes the disk compatile with any computer
running !indows
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Distinuish bet(een Systems Soft(are ,pplications Soft(are
Systems soft(are The operatin system is a special type of proram that loads
automatically (hen you start your computer
The operatin system allo(s you to use the ad2anced features
of a modern computer (ithout ha2in to learn all the details of
ho( the hard(are (or+s
,pplications soft(are ,n application proram is the type of proram that you use
once the operatin system has been loaded
=amples include (ord$processin prorams) spreadsheets
and databases
. !o"tware
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1.A.1 Systems soft(are
1.A.1.1 Describe the Main ?unctionsof an System Soft(are -peratin System
The lin+ bet(een the hard(are and you) the user
Ma+es the computer easy to use (ithout ha2into understand bits and bytes3
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1.A.1.& *ame Some Common peratin Systems
!indo(s J%
!indo(s H
!indo(s G
Linu
ni
Mac S
,ndroid
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,pplications soft(are
1.A.A.1 List Some Common Soft(are ,pplications
Toether !ith Their ses.
!ord processin applications Microsoft !ord
Lotus !ord %ro
!ord%erfect
Spreadsheets Microsoft =cel
Lotus 1&A
Database Microsoft ,ccess
Lotus ,pproach
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1.A.A.1 List Some Common Soft(are ,pplications
Toether !ith Their ses Continued
%ayroll Sae soft(are
%resentation tools Microsoft %o(er%oint
Lotus ?reelance
Des+top publishin Microsoft %ublisher
,bode %hotoshop Multimedia applications
Microsoft;s =ncarta CD$8M based encyclopaedias
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1.A.4 nderstand the 8easons for Soft(are Versions
*e( 2ersions of soft(are may/ ?i bus that (ere present in the pre2ious 2ersion
,ddress and fi security issues from an earlier 2ersion
Introduce enhanced or additional features Ta+e ad2antae of ad2ances in soft(are and computer
technoloy
%ro2ide updated compatibility (ith ne( peripheral de2ices
e.. ne( models of diital cameras
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1.4 nderstand the Term
#raphical ser Interface -#I
, #raphical ser Interface -#Iis simply an
additional part of the operatin system that
displays (indo(s and drop do(n menus) and
also enables you to dri2e your computer usin amouse
=amples of operatin system that use a #I
include !indo(s A.1) !indo(s KB:KG:&000)
!indo(s Me:J%) !indo(s *T and I'M;s S:&
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1.4.1 The Main ,d2antaes of sin a #I Interface.
,ll prorams loo+ similar
!hen you s(itch from a proram supplied by one
manufacturer to one from a different
manufacturer) you (ill find the transition 2ery
easy
,pplication prorams (or+ in the same (ay as
the underlyin operatin system
The #I also allo(s prorammers to easily (rite
consistent loo+in prorams