ictrfn2163a install a satellite antenna - howtodoit

ICTRFN2163A Install a satellite antenna

© Commonwealth of Australia, 2010 ICT10 Integrated Telecommunications Training Package

ICTRFN2163A Install a satellite antenna Unit descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and

knowledge required to install and test satellite antenna equipment on dwellings, buildings, masts and other structures, or at ground level to receive signals from geostationary communications satellites. Depending on the particular installation, organisational requirements and state or territory legislation, specific licences may be required in areas such as: • working on roofs • working at heights • structure climbing • tower rescue • hoisting and mounting antennas • installing feedlines • electromagnetic energy (EME) awareness. Users should confirm requirements with the relevant federal, state or territory authority.

Employability skills This unit contains employability skills. Prerequisite units Co-requisite units Application of the unit Technical staff who install or replace satellite antennas on single

and multiple dwellings, commercial buildings, telecommunications structures and at ground level apply the skills and knowledge in this unit. Installations may be new or existing, standalone or part of a site with multiple antennas.

Competency field Radio frequency networks Unit sector Telecommunications

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA Elements describe the essential outcomes of a unit of competency.

Performance criteria describe the performance needed to demonstrate achievement of the element. Where bold italicised text is used, further information is detailed in the required skills and knowledge section and the range statement. Assessment of performance is to be consistent with the evidence guide.

1. Prepare for work on a satellite antenna

1.1. Prepare for installation applying all relevant legislation, codes, regulations and standards and identify any safety issues

1.2. Organise resources to be available on site 1.3. Notify customer to arrange access to the site and possible

outage 1.4. Organise tools and equipment and ensure they are in

safe working order and adjusted to manufacturer's specifications

1.5. Obtain details of satellite to be acquired and precise details of satellite antenna location



ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 1.6. Determine the look angles for the satellite receiving

antenna 1.7. Determine polarisation angle of the satellite receiving

antenna feedhorn 1.8. Determine suitable position to mount the antenna with

agreement from customer 2. Assemble and mount

satellite antenna and cables

2.1. Assemble satellite antenna on site according to plans, specifications and enterprise guidelines using safe industry practices

2.2. Connect coaxial cable to antenna and install lightning protection devices

2.3. Mount satellite antenna onto installed mounting arrangements and set initial antenna azimuth, elevation and polarisation

3. Test and align antenna system

3.1. Connect installed antenna system to satellite receiver or test equipment and make final adjustments to azimuth, elevation and polarisation to optimise the signal level and quality

3.2. Conduct performance tests according to manufacturer's specifications and enterprise guidelines

3.3. Interpret test results and compare with manufacturer's design specifications and make adjustments

4. Complete administrative duties

4.1. Record test results and complete appropriate records 4.2. Secure and clean up site to original condition in an

environmentally safe manner 4.3. Notify customer of work completion and obtain sign off

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit. Required skills • communication skills to liaise with customer on operational and site matters • literacy skills to interpret technical documentation, including antenna specifications and test

equipment manuals • numeracy skills to:

◦ determine look angles from charts or by calculation ◦ evaluate different types of technical data ◦ interpret results ◦ take radio frequency (RF) measurements

• planning and organisation skills to arrange site access • safety awareness skills to:

◦ apply precautions and required action to minimise, control or eliminate hazards that may exist during work activities

◦ select and use required personal protective equipment conforming to industry and occupational health and safety (OHS) standards

◦ work systematically with required attention to detail without injury to self or others, or damage to goods or equipment

• technical skills to: ◦ assemble antenna according to plans ◦ physically align antenna ◦ strip, prepare and terminate single, dual, triple and quad shield coaxial cable ◦ use hand and power tools and operate test equipment ◦ use multimeter to test coaxial cable



REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE ◦ use signal level meter or spectrum analyser

Required knowledge • antenna:

◦ directivity ◦ front to back ratio ◦ operation of parabolic reflector and feedhorn ◦ optimum placement ◦ pattern ◦ polarisation

• bit error ratio (BER) • coaxial cable types and properties • electromagnetic waves:

◦ absorption by trees and buildings ◦ awareness of exposure to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) ◦ reflection

• legislation, codes of practice and other formal agreements that directly impact on antenna installation

• modulation: ◦ bandwidth ◦ individual spectrum shape of digital satellite television signals

• modulation error ratio (MER) • RF spectrum:

◦ terminology related to bands used for satellite broadcasting: (C, S, L, Ku, Ka bands) • satellite antenna product knowledge • signal level expressed in dBuV units • specific OHS requirements that impact on the installation of satellite antenna equipment

RANGE STATEMENT The range statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance. Bold italicised wording, if used in the performance criteria, is detailed below. Essential operating conditions that may be present with training and assessment (depending on the work situation, needs of the candidate, accessibility of the item, and local industry and regional contexts) may also be included. Relevant legislation, codes, regulations and standards may include:

• Australian Communications Industry Forum (ACIF) standards and codes

• Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) technical standards

• AS Communications Cabling Manual (CCM) Volume 1

• Australian building codes and regulations • AS/NZS 1367:2007 • AS/NZS 1768:2007 • AS 1417.1:1987 • enterprise standards • environmental protection • fire regulations • heritage legislation • industrial relations agreements including awards

and enterprise agreements • international standards • local government • manufacturer’s enterprise operating policy and



RANGE STATEMENT procedures

• national code • OHS Act • other services and utilities codes of practice and

standards: ◦ electricity ◦ gas ◦ water

• power company requirements • Privacy Act • Spectrum Management Authority • statutory requirements • Trade Practices Act • traditional land owners.

Safety issues may refer to: • devices to support construction personnel at heights: ◦ elevated personnel vehicles ◦ non-metallic ladders ◦ platforms

• external factors affecting works: ◦ concentration of other services ◦ terrain ◦ weather conditions

• precautions for unsafe weather conditions to undertake works: ◦ heavy rains ◦ high winds ◦ severe cold ◦ severe heat ◦ thunderstorms

• preparing for work at a telecommunications site with potential EMR hazards

• safety issues in: ◦ fall arrest ◦ fall guarding ◦ roof work.

Tools and equipment may include: • fall arrest systems required on structure where no ladder cages installed

• general equipment: ◦ elevated platform ◦ hand and power tools ◦ ladder ◦ winch

• magnetic compass • personal protective equipment:

◦ earmuffs ◦ eye protection ◦ dust protection ◦ gloves ◦ hard hats ◦ personal reflecting jackets



RANGE STATEMENT ◦ safety boots

• safety equipment: ◦ aerial safety belts and lines ◦ helmets ◦ safety cages ◦ traffic signs ◦ warning signs and tapes ◦ witches hats.

Details of satellite may include: • horizontally polarised transponders: ◦ forward correction error (FEC) ◦ frequency ◦ symbol rate

• satellite longitude • satellite name • vertically polarised transponders:

◦ FEC ◦ frequency ◦ symbol rate.

Satellite antenna location may include:

• latitude • longitude.

Look angles may refer to: • azimuth angle relative to north • elevation angle relative to horizontal.

Suitable position may include: • consideration of future building additions • consideration of growth of trees • ground level • outside wall of building • rooftop • unobstructed view in direction of satellite.

Coaxial cable may include: • coaxial cable with flooded polyethylene (PE) jacket for underground applications

• RG11 quad shielded • RG6 quad shielded.

Initial antenna azimuth, elevation and polarisation may be set according to:

• calibrated markings on antenna mount • inclinometer • magnetic compass • plumb bob.

Test equipment may include: • field strength meter • multimeter • satellite meter • signal level meter • spectrum analyser.

Optimise the signal may refer to: • achieving uniform performance across multiple transponders

• BER pre FEC • carrier to noise ratio (C/N) • MER • signal strength in dBuV.

Performance tests may include: • signal quality across all satellite digital channels • signal strength of satellite digital television

channels.



EVIDENCE GUIDE The evidence guide provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the performance criteria, required skills and knowledge, range statement and the Assessment Guidelines for the Training Package. Overview of assessment Critical aspects for assessment and evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit

Evidence of the ability to: • assemble, install, align and test a satellite antenna

according to plans and specifications, and site specific safety requirements

• conduct performance tests according to manufacturer's specifications and enterprise guidelines.

Context of and specific resources for assessment

Assessment must ensure: • suitable site for satellite antenna installation • range of antennas and cables currently used in

industry • range of general and test equipment required for

satellite antenna installation and testing. Method of assessment A range of assessment methods should be used to

assess practical skills and knowledge. The following examples are appropriate for this unit: • direct observation of the candidate installing a

satellite receiving antenna given the satellite details and the satellite antenna coordinates

• direct observation of the candidate preparing, securing and connecting a cable to the satellite antenna

• direct observation of appropriate signal performance measurement and adjustment of azimuth, elevation and polarisation alignment

• oral or written questioning to assess required knowledge .

Guidance information for assessment

Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry sector, workplace and job role is recommended, for example: • ICTRFN2164A Install a terrestrial antenna • ICTDRE3156A Install digital reception equipment. Aboriginal people and other people from a non-English speaking background may have second language issues. Access must be provided to appropriate learning and assessment support when required. Assessment processes and techniques must be culturally appropriate, and appropriate to the oral communication skill level, and language and literacy capacity of the candidate and the work being performed. • In all cases where practical assessment is used it

will be combined with targeted questioning to assess required knowledge. Questioning techniques should not require language, literacy



EVIDENCE GUIDE and numeracy skills beyond those required in this unit of competency.

Where applicable, physical resources should include equipment modified for people with special needs.

ICTRFN2164A Install a terrestrial antenna

© Commonwealth of Australia, 2010 ICT10 Integrated Telecommunications Training Package Page 1

ICTRFN2164A Install a terrestrial antenna Unit descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and

knowledge required to install and test receiving antenna equipment on dwellings, buildings, masts and other structures to receive terrestrial signals. Depending on the particular installation, organisational requirements, and state or territory legislation, specific licences may be required in areas, such as: • working on roofs • working at heights • structure climbing • tower rescue • hoisting and mounting antennas • installing feedlines • electromagnetic energy (EME) awareness. Users should confirm requirements with the relevant federal, state or territory authority.

Employability skills This unit contains employability skills. Prerequisite units Co-requisite units Application of the unit Technical staff who install or replace receiving antennas on single

and multiple dwellings, commercial buildings and telecommunications structures apply the skills and knowledge in this unit. This unit may apply to installations for digital radio and digital TV reception applications. Installations may be new or existing, standalone or part of a site with multiple antennas.




1. Prepare for work on a terrestrial antenna

1.1. Prepare for installation applying all relevant legislation, codes, regulations and standards and identify any safety issues

1.2. Organise resources to be available on site 1.3. Notify customer to arrange access to the site and possible

outage 1.4. Organise tools and equipment and ensure they are in safe

working order and adjusted to manufacturer's specifications 2. Assemble and mount

antenna and coaxial cable

2.1. Assemble antenna on site according to plans, specifications and enterprise guidelines using safe industry practice

2.2. Connect coaxial cable to antenna and install lightning protection devices

2.3. Mount antenna to structure and set polarisation and initial antenna azimuth and elevation



ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 3. Test and align

antenna system 3.1. Connect installed antenna system to appropriate test

equipment and pan antenna to optimise the signal across all specified channel frequencies

3.2. Conduct performance tests according to manufacturer's specifications and enterprise guidelines

3.3. Interpret test results and compare with manufacturer's design specifications and make adjustments

4. Complete administrative duties

4.1. Record test results and complete appropriate records 4.2. Secure and clean up site to original condition in an

environmentally safe manner 4.3. Notify customer of work completion and obtain sign off

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit. Required skills • communication skills to liaise with customer on operational and site matters • literacy skills to interpret technical documentation, including antenna specifications and test

equipment manuals • numeracy skills to:

◦ evaluate different types of technical data ◦ interpret results ◦ take radio frequency (RF) measurements

• planning and organisation skills to arrange site access • safety awareness skills to:




• technical skills to: ◦ assemble antenna according to plans ◦ physically align antenna ◦ strip, prepare and terminate single, dual, triple and quad shield coaxial cable ◦ use hand and power tools and operate test equipment ◦ use multimeter to test coaxial cable ◦ use signal level meter or spectrum analyser

Required knowledge • antenna:

◦ directivity ◦ front to back ratio ◦ optimum placement ◦ pattern ◦ polarisation

• bit error ratio (BER) • coaxial cable types and properties • electromagnetic waves:

◦ absorption by trees and buildings ◦ awareness of exposure to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) ◦ reflection

• legislation, codes of practice and other formal agreements that directly impact on antenna



REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE installation

• modulation: ◦ bandwidth ◦ individual spectrum shape of analog and digital television signals and DAB+ digital radio

signals • modulation error ratio (MER) • RF spectrum:

◦ Australian DAB+ digital radio channel frequencies ◦ Australian television UHF and VHF channel plan (digital and analog) ◦ terminology related to bands used for broadcasting (Bands I , II, III, IV and V)

• signal level expressed in dBuV units • specific OHS requirements that impact on the installation of terrestrial antenna equipment • television antenna product knowledge





• Australian building codes and regulations • AS/NZS 1367:2007 • AS/NZS 1768:2007 • AS 1417.1:1987 • enterprise standards • environmental protection • fire regulations • heritage legislation • industrial relations agreements including awards

and enterprise • international standards • local government • manufacturer’s enterprise operating policy and

procedures • national code • OHS Act • other services and utilities codes of practice and

standards: ◦ electricity ◦ gas ◦ water

• power company requirements • Privacy Act • spectrum management authority • statutory requirements • Trade Practices Act



RANGE STATEMENT • traditional land owners.

Safety issues may refer to: • devices to support construction personnel at heights: ◦ elevated personnel vehicles ◦ non-metallic ladders ◦ platforms

• external factors affecting works: ◦ concentration of other services ◦ terrain ◦ weather conditions

• precautions for unsafe weather conditions to undertake works: ◦ heavy rains ◦ high winds ◦ severe cold ◦ severe heat ◦ thunderstorms

• preparing for work at a telecommunications site with potential EMR hazards

• safety issues in: ◦ fall arrest ◦ fall guarding ◦ roof work

• working safely on telecommunications radio structures.

Tools and equipment may include: • fall arrest systems required on structure where no ladder cages installed

• general equipment: ◦ elevated platform ◦ hand and power tools ◦ ladder ◦ winch

• magnetic compass • personal protective equipment:

◦ earmuffs ◦ eye protection ◦ dust protection ◦ gloves ◦ hard hats ◦ personal reflecting jackets ◦ safety boots

• safety equipment: ◦ aerial safety belts and lines ◦ helmets ◦ safety cages ◦ traffic signs ◦ warning signs and tapes ◦ witches hats.

Coaxial cable may include: • coaxial cable with flooded polyethylene (PE) jacket for underground applications

• RG11 quad shielded coaxial cable



RANGE STATEMENT • RG6 quad shielded coaxial cable.

Polarisation may include: • circular • horizontal • vertical.

Initial antenna azimuth and elevation may be set according to:

• best estimate of transmitter direction • compass bearing provided by plans • portable measuring instrument.

Test equipment may include: • antenna analyser • digital video broadcasting – Terrestrial (DVB-T)

digital terrestrial meter • field strength meter • multimeter • signal level meter • spectrum analyser.

Optimise the signal may refer to: • achieving uniform performance across multiple channels

• carrier to noise ratio (C/N) • BER pre forward error correction (FEC) • MER • signal strength in dBuV.

Performance tests may include: • signal quality across all terrestrial digital channels • signal strength of analog television channels • signal strength of digital television channels.




Evidence of the ability to: • assemble, install, align and test a terrestrial antenna

according to plans and specifications, and site specific safety requirements

• conduct performance tests according to manufacturer's specifications and enterprise guidelines.


Assessment must ensure: • site for antenna installation • range of antennas and coaxial cables currently

used in industry • range of general and test equipment required for

antenna installation and testing. Method of assessment A range of assessment methods should be used to


directional receiving antenna with a given direction of polarisation

• direct observation of the candidate preparing, securing and connecting a coaxial cable to the antenna

• direct observation of appropriate signal performance measurement and adjustment of azimuth alignment

• oral or written questioning to assess required knowledge.


Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry sector, workplace and job role is recommended, for example: • ICTRFN2163A Install a satellite antenna • ICTDRE3156A Install digital reception equipment. Aboriginal people and other people from a non-English speaking background may have second language issues. Access must be provided to appropriate learning and assessment support when required. Assessment processes and techniques must be culturally appropriate, and appropriate to the oral communication skill level, and language and literacy capacity of the candidate and the work being performed. In all cases where practical assessment is used it will be combined with targeted questioning to assess required knowledge. Questioning techniques should not require language, literacy and numeracy skills beyond



EVIDENCE GUIDE those required in this unit of competency. Where applicable, physical resources should include equipment modified for people with special needs.

ICTRFN3055A Install a radio communications antenna and feedline


ICTRFN3055A Install a radio communications antenna and feedline Unit descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and

knowledge required to install and test a communications antenna and feedline on a range of fixed or mobile structures. Depending on the particular installation, organisational requirements, and state or territory legislation, specific licences may be required in areas, such as: • working at heights • structure climbing • tower rescue • hoisting and mounting antennas • installing feedlines • electromagnetic energy (EME) awareness. Users should confirm requirements with the relevant federal, state or territory authority.

Employability skills This unit contains employability skills. Prerequisite units Co-requisite units Application of the unit Telecommunications and radio communications technicians apply

the skills and knowledge in this unit on installations for cellular, radio broadband and digital TV reception applications. Installations may be new or existing, standalone or part of a site with multiple antennas.




1. Plan the assembly of an antenna system

1.1. Arrange access to the site according to required procedure 1.2. Apply all relevant legislation, codes, regulations and

standards in the planning process 1.3. Obtain relevant antenna specifications ,requirements and

radio communication site management book (RCSMB) from appropriate personnel

1.4. Organise appropriate installation personnel to be available on site

1.5. Assess relevant hazard levels from RCSMB and take appropriate preventative action according to prescribed safety requirements

1.6. Identify other antennas at site location and notify those who may be affected by outages

1.7. Inspect the antenna system and feedline for physical damage before any further work is performed

1.8. Organise tools and equipment and ensure they are in safe working order and adjusted to manufacturer’s



ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA specifications

2. Assemble, mount and align antenna and prepare feedline

2.1. Follow site specific safety requirements and enterprise occupational health and safety (OHS) processes and procedures

2.2. Assemble antenna system in a safe manner according to manufacturer’s instructions

2.3. Mount antenna with correct azimuth and polarisation according to manufacturer’s instructions and work practices

2.4. Install radome to antenna if provided 2.5. Install lightning protection systems according to plans

and specifications 2.6. Align the antenna in the horizontal and vertical planes to

maximise signal 3. Test antenna

installation and document test results

3.1. Conduct performance tests in a safe manner according to manufacturer’s specifications and instructions

3.2. Record, interpret and compare test results with manufacturer’s data or the design specifications

3.3. Confirm correct overall operation of antenna system 4. Complete

administrative tasks and clean up site

4.1. Complete and store appropriate records and test results according to enterprise policy

4.2. Label radio frequency (RF) transmitter equipment and feed lines according to legislation

4.3. Notify all affected by outage that normal operation can resume

4.4. Clean, pack and store all tools and test equipment and organise transport in suitable protective casing where appropriate

4.5. Restore any changes made to the worksite to the client’s satisfaction and obtain sign off

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit. Required skills • communication skills to provide advice and guidance to others or to seek assistance • literacy skills to read and interpret manuals, specifications, relevant enterprise policy and

documentation • negotiation skills to enable interaction with site owner and organisations or individuals who

may be affected by an outage • numeracy skills to:

◦ evaluate different types of technical data ◦ interpret results ◦ setup and check that equipment is calibrated ◦ take RF measurements

• planning and organisational skills to organise and prepare installation resources • problem solving skills to respond to typical antenna installation challenges • task management skills to work systematically with required attention to detail and

adherence to all safety requirements • technical skills to:

◦ operate a range of specialised radio communications equipment ◦ perform diagnostic procedures ◦ use hand and power tools



REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE Required knowledge • current industry practice for antenna installation including:

◦ earthing ◦ lightning protection

• detailed knowledge of procedures and equipment required for: ◦ antenna sweep testing to measure return loss ◦ measurement of distance to fault ◦ measurement of feedline insertion loss ◦ measurement of forward and reflected RF power

• features of instrument and equipment test methods and performance requirements • legislation, codes of practice and other formal agreements that directly impact on operation

and testing of radio communications antennas and equipment • overview knowledge of antennas and feedlines • RF awareness, electromagnetic radiation (EMR) standards and specific OHS requirements

that impact on the use and testing of radio communications instruments and equipment • suitability of antennas to withstand extreme environments • typical issues and challenges that occur in telecommunications antenna installations

RANGE STATEMENT The range statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance. Bold italicised wording, if used in the performance criteria, is detailed below. Essential operating conditions that may be present with training and assessment (depending on the work situation, needs of the candidate, accessibility of the item, and local industry and regional contexts) may also be included. Legislation, codes, regulations and standards may include:



• Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA) EMR standard

• Australian building codes and regulations • Australian standards • enterprise standards • Environmental Protection Acts • equipment standards, • fire regulations • heritage legislation • international standards • intrinsically safe lightning protection • local government • OHS • Radcoms Act • site engineering standard • Telecoms Act.

Radio Communication Site Management Book (RCSMB) may include:

• building coverage • limited • proposed • provisional.

Appropriate personnel may include: • construction manager • consultant • project manager • safety officer



RANGE STATEMENT • site manager • site supervisor.

Other antennas may include: • belonging to the same organisation • civil agencies • co-located at this site • defence agencies • government agencies • operating in the same or other frequency bands • other carriers • private enterprise.

Antenna system may include: • antenna • connector • flange • feedline.

Feedline may include: • flexible coaxial cable • interconnected cable harness • non-pressurised coaxial lines • pressurised coaxial lines • rigid or semi-rigid coaxial line • waveguide:

◦ circular cross section ◦ elliptical or cross section ◦ non-pressurised types ◦ pressurised types ◦ rectangular cross section ◦ rigid or semi-rigid waveguides.

Tools and equipment may include: • general equipment: ◦ crane ◦ elevated platform ◦ hand and power tools ◦ winch

• test equipment: ◦ antenna analyser ◦ directional RF power meter ◦ multimeter ◦ return loss measuring equipment ◦ RF termination ◦ spectrum analyser.

Polarisation may include: • circular polarisation • horizontal direction of electric field • vertical direction of electric field.

Lightning protection systems may include:

• air terminal or lightning rod • down conductor • lightning protectors or surge arrestors.

Align may refer to: • azimuth • elevation.

Performance tests may include: • antenna sweep: ◦ antenna analyser ◦ return loss bridge and RF sweep generator ◦ scalar network analyser ◦ vector network analyser



RANGE STATEMENT ◦ voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR)

measurements • distance to fault • insertion loss • reflected power:

◦ antenna analyser ◦ directional power meter at a single frequency

only ◦ return loss bridge and RF sweep generator ◦ scalar network analyser ◦ vector network analyser

• return loss.




Evidence of the ability to: • conduct installation of a communications antenna

according to plans and specifications • assess hazard levels at an RF site and apply

knowledge of safety precautions for self, fellow workers and the public at large

• mount antenna, connect transmission line and physically align antenna

• use appropriate test equipment to perform a return loss sweep measurement or a measurement of forward and reflected power on at least two different antenna systems.

Context of, and specific resources for assessment

Assessment must ensure: • site for antenna installation • range of antennas and feedlines currently used in

industry • range of general and test equipment required for

antenna installation and testing. Methods of assessment A range of assessment methods should be used to


directional communications antenna and adjusting its alignment

• direct observation of the candidate preparing, securing and connecting a coaxial transmission line or waveguide to the antenna under test

• review of sweep test reports completed by the candidate for two different antenna types

• oral or written questioning of candidate to assess knowledge of antenna installation practices.


Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry sector, workplace and job role is recommended, for example: • ICTRFN3070A Install mobile telecommunication in

motor vehicles. Aboriginal people and other people from a non-English speaking background may have second language issues. Access must be provided to appropriate learning and assessment support when required. Assessment processes and techniques must be culturally appropriate, and appropriate to the oral communication skill level, and language and literacy capacity of the candidate and the work being performed.



EVIDENCE GUIDE In all cases where practical assessment is used it will be combined with targeted questioning to assess required knowledge. Questioning techniques should not require language, literacy and numeracy skills beyond those required in this unit of competency. Where applicable, physical resources should include equipment modified for people with special needs.

ICTRFN3070A Install mobile telecommunications in motor vehicles


ICTRFN3070A Install mobile telecommunications in motor vehicles Unit descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and

knowledge to install radio transceivers and cellular mobile phone handsets with powered docking cradle in domestic, commercial or industrial motor vehicles. It also involves installing peripheral components such as external antenna, microphone, loudspeaker, mobile data terminals and global positioning systems (GPS). No licensing, legislative, regulatory or certification requirements apply to this unit at the time of endorsement but users should confirm requirements with the relevant federal, state or territory authority.

Employability skills This unit contains employability skills. Prerequisite units Co-requisite units Application of the unit Installers or technicians engaged in fitting mobile communications

equipment to motor vehicles apply the skills and knowledge in this unit. This unit applies to the fitting of telecommunications equipment in police, fire, ambulance, emergency vehicles and taxis that form a complex mobile network of communications and data equipment.




1. Plan for installation of mobile telecommunications in motor vehicles

1.1. Obtain relevant legislation, codes, regulations and standards and follow occupational health and safety (OHS) and environmental requirements for the given work

1.2. Obtain mobile telecommunications equipment and manufacturer's installation documentation

1.3. Determine critical automotive electrical systems which need to be considered during the installation process to prevent any damage to the vehicle system

1.4. Verify installation requirements from customer and advise customer of issues affecting performance

1.5. Obtain tools and test equipment required for safe work practices

2. Install mobile equipment

2.1. Attach primary mobile telecommunications equipment to vehicle using fixing and fastening hardware clear of air bag deployment and according to customer, vehicle and equipment manufacturer and OHS requirements

2.2. Wire primary mobile telecommunications equipment to



ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA vehicle electrical system using industry wiring practices without impacting on other electrical systems

2.3. Attach and wire peripheral mobile telecommunications components of the installation to customer and manufacturer's requirements

2.4. Replace any existing fittings or vehicle components removed during installation and restore to original condition

2.5. Test the completed installation to verify that the operation of critical automotive electrical systems have not been affected and rectify if required

3. Complete installation 3.1. Restore vehicle and worksite to customer's satisfaction by disposing of waste materials according to environmental requirements

3.2. Note and document any damage which may have occurred during installation and report according to enterprise procedures

3.3. Instruct customer on operation of installed equipment 3.4. Complete all administrative tasks and file according to

enterprise requirements

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit. Required skills • communication skills to liaise and negotiate with customer and colleagues • literacy skills to interpret technical documentation, specifications and service orders • numeracy skills to take measurements and interpret results • planning and organisational skills to organise and prepare installation resources • problem solving skills to respond to typical installation challenges • task management skills to adhere to all safety requirements and work systematically with

required attention to detail • technical skills to:

◦ perform diagnostic procedures ◦ use hand and power tools

Required knowledge • customer service principles, particularly dealing with customers face to face • electrical fundamentals • electromagnetic radiation awareness • enterprise or service-specific knowledge of products and services supplied • objectives and methods of training for product use for customer education • OHS principles and enterprise-specific job safety analysis (JSA) requirements • overview knowledge of mobile radio and cellular radio product range and connection

methods • pre-installation enterprise-specific requirements • quality assurance of enterprise requirements • radio frequency (RF):

◦ principles ◦ safety ◦ theory

• return path technology • telephony principles to support return path awareness • test set-ups for final testing



REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE • vehicle electrical, electronics and computer-managed systems


• Australian Communication Industry Forum (ACIF) standards and codes

• AS 3901: • AS 3902: • AS 4346: • AS 2809.1: • AS 2772.1: • International Standards ISO 9000, ISO 9001 • OHS • Environmental Protection Act • Trade Practices legislation • safety regulations for specialised vehicles, such as

petrol tankers, public service vehicles, fire engines and gas driven vehicles.

OHS and environmental requirements may include:

• personal protective clothing: ◦ earmuffs ◦ gloves ◦ safety glasses

• safe working, practices such as the safe use and handling of: ◦ materials ◦ tools and equipment

• environmental considerations: ◦ clean-up protection ◦ noise, dust and clean-up management.

Mobile telecommunications equipment may include:

• digital radio communications Association Public Safety Communications Officials standard (APCO-25)

• GPS • mobile data terminal • powered cellular mobile equipment cradle

incorporating: ◦ Bluetooth device ◦ charger ◦ power and external antenna connections

• speaker, microphone and external antenna • terrestrial trunked radio • two-way transceiver:

◦ high frequency (HF) ◦ ultra-high frequency (UHF) ◦ very high frequency (VHF).

Critical automotive electrical systems may include:

• air bags • antilock braking system circuitry • engine management modules



RANGE STATEMENT • mobile data systems for taxis • patient monitoring equipment • police communications computer network • vehicle alarm systems • vehicle computers.

Installation requirements may include:

• position of external speaker, microphone and external antenna

• replacement or repositioning of existing equipment • type of equipment.

Issues affecting performance may include:

• excessive length of coaxial cable • external antenna mounted too close to metal

surfaces • external antenna mounted too close to other

antennas • external antenna mounted too low on vehicle • inappropriate or low efficiency antenna.

Tools may include:

• cable identification kit • hand tools:

◦ crimping tools ◦ hole punch ◦ nibbling tool ◦ pliers ◦ reamer ◦ screwdrivers ◦ terminating tools

• power tools: ◦ drill ◦ hole saw ◦ soldering iron.

Test equipment may include:

• cellular phone tester • directional power meter • multimeter • site master cable and antenna analyser • standing wave ratio indicator • test lamp.

Primary mobile telecommunications equipment may include:

• powered equipment cradle for cellular handset • two-way radio transceiver.

Fixing and fastening hardware may include:

• adhesives: ◦ double sided tape ◦ injected polystyrene foam

• cable ties • equipment brackets • expanding anchors suitable for sheet metal • heat shrink • plastic sheathing • screws and nuts • spiral wrap.

Industry wiring practices may include:

• avoiding running power leads and antenna cable in parallel with vehicle wiring over long distances

• maintaining as great a distance as possible



RANGE STATEMENT between radio power leads and vehicle's electronic modules and wiring

• powering mobile unit directly from the battery using waterproof fuse holder

• routing and securing under hood wiring from mechanical hazards, such as exhaust and moving parts

• using caution when routing cables to avoid chafing and pinching of wires.

Peripheral mobile telecommunications components may include:

• external antenna • external speaker • microphone.

Test may include:

• functionality: ◦ intended operation of all functions of the mobile

equipment ◦ operation of entertainment units.

Administrative tasks may include:

• completing job orders and submitting to appropriate enterprise organisational unit

• completing test sheets as per specification and logging test instrument usage

• completing warranty forms • following quality control procedures • handing over installation briefs, documents and

equipment manuals to operational staff • recording test results.

Enterprise requirements may relate to:

• commercial vehicle • domestic vehicle • police and emergency vehicle • reporting • work procedures for implementing maintenance and

installation work.




Evidence of the ability to: • install cable loom, wiring mobile and peripheral

equipment • test the equipment to verify correct installation and

operation. Context of and specific resources for assessment

Assessment must ensure: • sites on which installation may be conducted • use of testing equipment currently used in industry • relevant regulatory and equipment documentation.

Method of assessment A range of assessment methods should be used to assess practical skills and knowledge. The following examples are appropriate for this unit: • direct observation of the candidate undertaking

installation • review of installation documentation completed by

the candidate • oral or written questioning to assess knowledge of

tests and types of systems. Guidance information for assessment

Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry sector, workplaces and job role is recommended, for example: • ICTRFN3055A Install a radio communications

antenna and feedline.

Aboriginal people and other people from a non-English speaking background may have second language issues. Access must be provided to appropriate learning and assessment support when required. Assessment processes and techniques must be culturally appropriate, and appropriate to the oral communication skill level, and language and literacy capacity of the candidate and the work being performed. In all cases where practical assessment is used it will be combined with targeted questioning to assess required knowledge. Questioning techniques should not require language, literacy and numeracy skills beyond those required in this unit of competency. Where applicable, physical resources should include equipment modified for people with special needs.

ICTRFN3146A Install WiMAX customer premises equipment broadband wireless access equipment



Unit descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and knowledge required to install and set up worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) customer premises equipment (CPE) in homes and commercial premises. No licensing, legislative, regulatory or certification requirements apply to this unit at the time of endorsement but users should confirm requirements with the relevant federal, state or territory authority.

Employability skills This unit contains employability skills. Prerequisite units Co-requisite units Application of the unit Technical staff who install outdoor WiMAX CPE equipment for

wireless broadband access to customer premises apply the skills and knowledge in this unit. It involves connecting the indoor unit to customer network.




1. Prepare for WiMAX equipment installation

1.1. Arrange access to the site according to required procedure

1.2. Verify customer requirements, type of WiMAX CPE equipment and location of proposed installation according to the plans obtained from authorised personnel

1.3. Prepare tools, equipment and CPE required for installation

2. Install the outdoor unit and antenna

2.1. Make worksite safe by identifying existing and potential hazards

2.2. Comply with relevant legislation, codes, regulations and standards, occupational health and safety (OHS) and environmental requirements

2.3. Mount the outdoor unit according to manufacturer’s specifications and enterprise plans

2.4. Connect the outdoor unit to the indoor unit using specified cable

2.5. Position the antenna towards the distant WiMAX base station for preliminary orientation

2.6. Align the unit for maximum signal strength using received signal strength indication (RSSI) display

2.7. Record the installation and alignment details 2.8. Connect indoor unit and accessories to customer

equipment



ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 3. Test the performance

of the installation 3.1. Test WiMAX CPE according to manufacturer’s

procedures 3.2. Check operating environment does not degrade test

results 3.3. Evaluate test results to verify operational performance

with customer 4. Restore site and

complete documentation

4.1. Restore worksite to the customer’s satisfaction 4.2. Complete reports on installation 4.3. Notify customer and obtain sign off

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit. Required skills • communication skills to liaise with customers on technical and operational matters • literacy skills to interpret technical documentation and standards and incorporate technical

language into written reports • numeracy skills to interpret technical data such as specifications of equipment operations • problem solving skills to address common operational problems in installation • safety awareness skills to:


◦ select and use required personal protective equipment conforming to industry and OHS standards


• technology skills to: ◦ install outdoor units and antenna ◦ connect to indoor units ◦ test WiMAX equipment

Required knowledge • WiMAX:

◦ products ◦ protocols IEEE 802.16 and IEEE 802.11

• microwave propagation and losses caused by foliage, buildings, and metallic structures

RANGE STATEMENT The range statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance. Bold italicised wording, if used in the performance criteria, is detailed below. Essential operating conditions that may be present with training and assessment (depending on the work situation, needs of the candidate, accessibility of the item, and local industry and regional contexts) may also be included. Customer requirements may include:

• backup procedures • bandwidth • congestion • network connectivity • power back up • quality of service (QoS) • redundancy • wireless access.

WiMAX CPE equipment may include:

• indoor unit • outdoor unit • USB unit.



RANGE STATEMENT Authorised personnel may include: • customer

• network administrator • network planner • project manager • supervisor.

Tools may include: • crimping tool • cable stripping tool • drill bits • screwdrivers • spanner • wall anchors and screws.

Equipment may include: • compass • global positioning system (GPS) • inclinometer • laptop.

Hazards may include: • building debris • earth potential rise • glass fibre • live power lines • manual handling • radio frequency (RF) equipment emitting radiation.

Relevant legislation, codes, regulations and standards may include:



• Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA) electromagnetic radiation (EMR) standard

• AS/NZS 4268:2008 • AS/NZS 4295:2004 • AS/NZS 4415.1:2003 • AS/NZS 4582:1999 • AS/NZS 4583:1999 • AS/NZS 4769.1:2000 • AS/NZS 4770:2000 • Australian building codes and regulations • Australian standards • enterprise standards • environmental protection • equipment standards • European Telecommunications Standards Institute

(ETSI) EN 300 220-1 • ETSI EN 301 406 • fire regulations • heritage legislation • international standards • intrinsically safe lightning protection • local government • OHS • Radcoms Act • RSS-119



RANGE STATEMENT • site engineering standards • spectrum planning reports • Telecommunications Act • Telecommunications Industry Alliance and

Electronic Industries Alliance (TIA/EIA) standards. OHS and environmental requirements may relate to:

• decommissioning and isolating worksite and lines prior to commencement

• identifying other services, including power and gas • personal protective clothing:

◦ earmuffs ◦ gloves:

- plastic - rubber - leather

◦ head protection ◦ head protection ◦ kneepads ◦ masks ◦ protective suits ◦ safety boots ◦ safety glasses ◦ safety harness ◦ safety line

• safe working practices, such as the safe use and handling of: ◦ asbestos ◦ chemicals ◦ materials ◦ tools and equipment ◦ work platforms

• safety equipment: ◦ flashing lights ◦ gas and other hazard detection equipment ◦ safety barriers ◦ trench guards ◦ warning signs and tapes ◦ witches hats

• special access requirements • suitable light and ventilation • environmental considerations:

◦ clean-up protection ◦ stormwater protection

• waste management. Indoor unit and accessories may include:

• correct cable: ◦ crossover ◦ straight-through

• optional extension module: ◦ voice over internet protocol (VoIP) ◦ wireless fidelity (WiFi)

• power unit: ◦ AC power



RANGE STATEMENT ◦ DC power adaptor ◦ DC power supply

• protection device: ◦ lightning protection ◦ surge protection.




Evidence of the ability to: • install and test WiMAX CPE outdoor unit • install indoor unit and connect to customer network • reinstate site, document and complete installation

reports. Context of and specific resources for assessment

Assessment must ensure: • sites on which WiMAX installations can be

conducted • tools and equipment required for installation • relevant regulatory and equipment documentation..

Method of assessment A range of assessment methods should be used to assess practical skills and knowledge. The following examples are appropriate for this unit: • review of a hands-on project completed by the

candidate • review of an oral and written report with completed

documentation • direct observation of the candidate installing and

connecting WiMAX CPE equipment. Guidance information for assessment

Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry sector, workplace and job role is recommended, for example: • ICTDRE3165A Install a complex digital reception

system • ICTRFN4095A Conduct radio frequency

measurements.

Aboriginal people and other people from a non-English speaking background may have second language issues. Access must be provided to appropriate learning and assessment support when required. Assessment processes and techniques must be culturally appropriate, and appropriate to the oral communication skill level, and language and literacy capacity of the candidate and the work being performed. In all cases where practical assessment is used it will be combined with targeted questioning to assess required knowledge. Questioning techniques should not require language, literacy and numeracy skills beyond those required in this unit of competency. Where applicable, physical resources should include equipment modified for people with special needs.

ICTRFN3155A Construct and test a radio communications device


ICTRFN3155A Construct and test a radio communications device Unit descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and

knowledge required to construct and test a radio communications transmitting or receiving device. This is an entry level and foundation unit in radio communications. No licensing, legislative, regulatory or certification requirements apply to this unit at the time of endorsement but users should confirm requirements with the relevant federal, state or territory authority.

Employability skills This unit contains employability skills. Prerequisite units Co-requisite units Application of the unit Technical staff in the field of radio communications apply the skills

and knowledge in this unit to assemble and test a radio transmitter or receiver. Relevant job roles include radio maintenance technician, radio installer and radio repairer.




1. Prepare to construct radio communications device

1.1. Prepare for construction applying all relevant legislation, codes, regulations and standards and identify any safety issues

1.2. Determine details of radio communications device to be constructed from project specifications

1.3. Produce wiring diagram, component list and block diagram of the radio communications device to prepare for the construction and testing of the device

1.4. Draw up plans showing the method of construction and the enclosure details

1.5. Designate suitable test points along the signal flow paths on circuit diagram for testing of the functional blocks

1.6. Produce test setups to evaluate the performance of the radio communications device

1.7. Obtain tools and test equipment 2. Construct and test

radio communications device

2.1. Assemble radio communications device according to circuit diagram and layout drawing

2.2. Test performance and operation of individual functional blocks and overall radio communications device according to the test regime

2.3. Transmit or receive signals to evaluate the qualitative performance through radio communications device



ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 3. Complete

documentation and clean up worksite

3.1. Document results of test procedures and compare with initial project specifications

3.2. Finalise project report and make recommendations for improvement to the radio communications device

3.3. Remove waste from worksite according to environmental requirements and restore site to safe condition

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit. Required skills • communication skills to liaise with technical, operational and business related matters • literacy skills to interpret technical documentation and write reports in required formats • numeracy skills to take test measurements, interpret results and evaluate performance • planning and organisational skills to plan, prioritise and monitor own work • problem solving skills to troubleshoot and manage contingencies to adapt construction and

test procedures to requirements of radio communications device • research skills to source components from supplier catalogues, databases and websites • safety awareness skills to:




• technical skills to: ◦ operate an oscilloscope and radio frequency (RF) test equipment ◦ solder, construct and prepare wires and cables ◦ use hand tools

Required knowledge • electrical symbols and circuit diagrams • general principles of radio communications and radio propagation • identification of:

◦ components ◦ device pinouts ◦ part numbers ◦ polarities ◦ ratings

• operation and characteristics of: ◦ amplifiers ◦ demodulators ◦ mixers ◦ modulators ◦ oscillators

• principles of modulation • terminology related to radio communications.







• Australian standards • Broadcasting Services Act 1992 • enterprise standards • fire regulations • manufacturer’s enterprise operating policy and

procedures • OHS Act • Privacy Act • Radiocommunications Act 1992 • spectrum management regulations • statutory requirements.

Safety issues may relate to: • drilling metal and printed circuit boards • etching printed circuit board • folding metal • soldering • tapping • threading • using metalwork guillotine, notcher or bender.

Radio communications device may include:

• amateur band transceiver • amateur band transverter • low noise converter • radio receiver:

◦ AM broadcast receiver ◦ FM stereo broadcast receiver ◦ global positioning system (GPS) receiver ◦ single side band (SSB) receiver ◦ very high frequency (VHF) weather satellite

receiver • radio transmitter:

◦ amateur band transmitter ◦ low power FM stereo transmitter.

Project specifications may include: • modulation type: ◦ amplitude modulation:

- amplitude shift keying (ASK) - double side band full carrier (DSBFC) - double side band suppressed carrier

(DSBSC) - single side band suppressed carrier

(SSBSC) ◦ frequency modulation:

- analog - frequency shift keying (FSK)



RANGE STATEMENT ◦ phase modulation:

- analog - binary phase shift keying (BPSK)

◦ spread spectrum: - direct sequence - frequency hopping

• operating frequency band: ◦ high frequency (HF) ◦ low frequency (LF) ◦ medium frequency (MF) ◦ ultra-high frequency (UHF) ◦ very high frequency (VHF) ◦ very low frequency (VLF)

• schematic diagram of radio device • supply voltage • type of radio communications device:

◦ radio transmitter: - RF output power

◦ radio receiver: - sensitivity

◦ transceiver. Component list may include: • component description:

◦ inductor winding details ◦ power or voltage rating ◦ style

• manufacturer • supplier details.

Block diagram may include: • functional blocks: ◦ amplifiers:

- audio frequency (AF) - intermediate frequency (IF) - RF

◦ bandpass IF filter ◦ demodulator ◦ direct digital synthesizer (DDS) ◦ low pass filter (LPF) ◦ microcontroller ◦ mixer ◦ modulator ◦ oscillator ◦ power supply.

Method of construction may include:

• dead bug • kitset • perforated matrix board • physical layout drawing of the device • printed circuit board • rats nest point-to-point wiring • veroboard.

Enclosure details may include: • die cast box • folded sheet metal • plastic box.



RANGE STATEMENT Test points may include: • ground 0 volts

• mixer output • oscillator output • positive supply line.

Tools may include: • desoldering braid • drill bits • hand reamer • lead free solder • long nosed pliers • nibbling tool • power drill • safety glasses • screwdrivers • solder sucker • soldering fume extractor • soldering iron and stand • spring loaded side cutters.

Test equipment may include: • AC voltmeter • frequency counter • modulation meter • multimeter • noise and distortion meter • oscilloscope • RF power meter • RF probe • RF signal generator • spectrum analyser.

Performance may include: • receiver: ◦ image frequency response ◦ quieting ◦ sensitivity ◦ signal to noise ratio ◦ SINAD

• transmitter: ◦ carrier frequency ◦ harmonic levels ◦ modulation depth ◦ modulation quality ◦ RF output power ◦ spurious oscillations.

ICTRFN3155A Guidance information for assessment



Evidence of the ability to: • plan and prepare for construction of a radio

communications device • prepare wiring diagram and component list • construct radio communications device • test radio communications device.

Context of, and specific resources for assessment

Assessment must ensure: • site where radio communications device may be

constructed and tested • use of test instruments currently used in industry • relevant regulatory and equipment documentation

that impact on work activities. Method of assessment A range of assessment methods should be used to

assess practical skills and knowledge. The following examples are appropriate for this unit: • direct observation of the candidate constructing and

testing a radio communications device • oral or written questioning of required skills and

knowledge • evaluation of report prepared by the candidate

outlining construction, testing procedures, results and recommendations.


Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry sector, workplace and job role is recommended, for example: • ICTTEN2140A Use hand and power tools • ICTRFN3175A Operate and maintain radio

communications technical instruments and field equipment.

Aboriginal people and other people from a non-English speaking background may have second language issues. Access must be provided to appropriate learning and assessment support when required. Assessment processes and techniques must be culturally appropriate, and appropriate to the oral communication skill level, and language and literacy capacity of the candidate and the work being performed. In all cases where practical assessment is used it will be combined with targeted questioning to assess required knowledge. Questioning techniques should not require language, literacy and numeracy skills beyond those required in this unit of competency. Where applicable, physical resources should include

ICTRFN3155A


EVIDENCE GUIDE equipment modified for people with special needs.

ICTRFN3175A Operate and maintain radio communications technical instruments and field equipment



Unit descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and knowledge required to operate and maintain radio communications technical instruments and field equipment. It involves taking measurements, fault-finding, minor repair and commissioning new instruments and equipment. Individuals must comply with radio communications transmitter licensing requirements and operator certificates for maritime and aeronautical services and occupational health and safety (OHS) electromagnetic radiation (EMR) licensing requirements.

Employability skills This unit contains employability skills. Prerequisite units Co-requisite units Application of the unit Technical staff who work with radio communications equipment in

radio communications apply the skills and knowledge in this unit. This may include field officers from regulatory authorities or other private and public organisations.




1. Prepare for use of instruments and field equipment

1.1. Plan and prepare work according to site procedures, operating environment and relevant legislation, codes, regulations and standards

1.2. Select measurements required to meet performance outcomes

1.3. Read, interpret and use equipment and system manuals, specifications and relevant organisation policy to determine work requirements

1.4. Select and ensure equipment for work activities is ready for operation

1.5. Determine, address and report potential risks and hazards and environmental issues

1.6. Adhere to relevant emergency procedures, policy guidelines and OHS procedures to ensure safety of personnel and plant

2. Test the instruments and field equipment

2.1. Perform safety checks according to instrument and equipment manual and organisational procedures

2.2. Confirm equipment is calibrated and calibration label is within approved timeframes

2.3. Select appropriate traceable calibrated equipment where measurements are required to be traceable to the National Measurements Act



ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 2.4. Label and report damaged or unsafe instruments and field

equipment and send for service 2.5. Update operational log books

3. Operate instruments and field equipment

3.1. Optimise instrument and equipment settings for the particular measurement or analysis

3.2. Perform measurements with the optimum precision given field and technical constraints

3.3. Assess data for accuracy and precision against quality control information, known standards and references within measurement uncertainty

4. Maintain instruments and field equipment

4.1. Use fault finding techniques to verify and rectify faults 4.2. Perform preventative maintenance within limits of

authorisation and report equipment wear and faults 4.3. Replace defective parts and make adjustments according

to equipment specifications 4.4. Seek expert help from appropriate colleagues where

problems are encountered 4.5. Update maintenance and calibration records according to

organisation procedures 5. Commission new

instruments and equipment

5.1. Arrange commissioning procedures with manufacturer's agent

5.2. Unpack, check and assemble instruments and equipment according to manufacturer's warranty requirements

5.3. Check instrument and equipment performance against specifications prior to acceptance of item

5.4. Prepare operating instructions and make available to relevant personnel

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit. Required skills • analytical skills to analyse test results • communication skills to liaise with internal and external personnel on technical, operational

and legal site matters • literacy skills to interpret technical documentation, such as equipment manuals and

specifications • numeracy skills to:

◦ check that equipment is calibrated ◦ evaluate technical data ◦ interpret results ◦ take radio frequency (RF) measurements

• planning and organisational skills to organise and maintain a range of instruments and equipment

• problem solving skills to find simple equipment and instrument faults • task management skills to work systematically with required attention to detail and

adherence to safety requirements • technical skills to:

◦ operate radio communications test and diagnostic equipment ◦ perform diagnostic and fault-finding procedures ◦ use hand and power tools

Required knowledge • features and operating requirements of calibrated equipment and test equipment:



REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE ◦ digital radio communications measuring equipment ◦ RF termination ◦ spectrum analyser ◦ power meter ◦ modulation analyser

• features of instrument and equipment test methods and performance requirements • legislation, codes of practice and other formal agreements that directly impact on operation

and testing of radio communications instruments and equipment • manufacturer’s requirements for operation and testing of radio communications equipment

and calibrated equipment • measurements according to test specifications • radio communications instruments and equipment • specific OHS requirements that impact on the use and testing of radio communications

instruments and equipment • typical issues and challenges that occur with radio communications instruments and field

equipment

RANGE STATEMENT The range statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance. Bold italicised wording, if used in the performance criteria, is detailed below. Essential operating conditions that may be present with training and assessment (depending on the work situation, needs of the candidate, accessibility of the item, and local industry and regional contexts) may also be included. Operating environment may include:

• day or night • dry or wet • field environment • heights or on roof tops • laboratory • old underground workings and voids • stable or broken ground • various natural landscapes.

Legislation, codes, regulations and standards may include:


• Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA): ◦ assignment guidelines ◦ Business Operating Procedures (BOPs) ◦ CIs ◦ Radiocommunications Assignment and

Licensing Instruction (RALIs) ◦ spectrum planning reports ◦ technical standards ◦ WI’s

• Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA) EMR standard

• Australian building codes and regulations • Australian standards • enterprise standards • environmental protection • equipment standards • fire regulations • heritage legislation • international standards



RANGE STATEMENT • intrinsically safe lightning protection • local government • OHS • Radcoms Act • site engineering standard • Telecoms Act.

Measurements may include: • bandwidth • blocking • carrier frequency • cross modulation • electric field strength (E field) • forward RF power • frequency deviation • harmonic and spurious levels • intermodulation distortion products (IMD) • intermodulation • magnetic field strength (H field) • ’mask‘ • modulation • noise level • occupied spectrum • receiver sensitivity • reflected RF power • return loss • RF power • VSWR.

Equipment may include:

• bit error rate tester (BERT) • constellation analyser • data logger • field strength meter • generators • gravity meter • internet protocol (IP) transmitter and receiver • memory magnetometer • mobile communications • modulation analyser • motors • personal protective equipment for RF • portable PC with testing and diagnostic software • return loss measurement set • RF power meter • satellite navigation system • spectrum analyser • transient electromagnetic (TEM) transmitter and

receiver • theodolite • two-way radios.

Potential risks and hazards may include:

• adverse weather conditions: ◦ electrical storms ◦ extreme heat ◦ fires



RANGE STATEMENT ◦ floods

• earth potential rise (EPR) • EMR • elevated plant • emissions • hazardous chemicals • hazardous gases • laser output • underground plant.

Environmental issues may include:

• dust • flora and fauna • materials • noise • run-off • spills • waste management and disposal • water quality.

Measurement uncertainty may include:

• intermittent faults • power supply fluctuations • temperature variations • uncalibrated equipment.

Maintenance may include:

• calibration of equipment • cleaning and storing • completing usage records • replacing 'remove and replace' components • working adjustments to tolerances.




Evidence of the ability to: • prepare, operate and maintain a range of

instruments and field equipment appropriate to a radio communications environment

• comply with site risk control, OHS, environmental, quality and communication requirements

• apply knowledge of technical procedures and requirements for different types of equipment.


Assessment must ensure: • sites on which instruments and field equipment can

be operated • use of field measurement equipment currently used

in industry • relevant instrument and equipment manuals and

other procedural documentation. Method of assessment A range of assessment methods should be used to

assess practical skills and knowledge. The following examples are appropriate for this unit: • direct observation of the candidate operating and

maintaining radio communications equipment • evaluation of measurement results and reports

produced by the candidate • evaluation of the candidate’s oral or written reports

on findings with recommendations. Guidance information for assessment

Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry sector, workplace and job role is recommended, for example: • ICTRFN4095A Conduct radio frequency

measurements. Aboriginal people and other people from a non-English speaking background may have second language issues. Access must be provided to appropriate learning and assessment support when required. Assessment processes and techniques must be culturally appropriate, and appropriate to the oral communication skill level, and language and literacy capacity of the candidate and the work being performed. In all cases where practical assessment is used it will be combined with targeted questioning to assess required knowledge. Questioning techniques should not require language, literacy and numeracy skills beyond those required in this unit of competency. Where applicable, physical resources should include



EVIDENCE GUIDE equipment modified for people with special needs.

ICTRFN4095A Conduct radio frequency measurements


ICTRFN4095A Conduct radio frequency measurements Unit descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and

knowledge required to conduct and analyse radio frequency (RF) measurements. No licensing, legislative, regulatory or certification requirements apply to this unit at the time of endorsement but users should confirm requirements with the relevant federal, state or territory authority.

Employability skills This unit contains employability skills. Prerequisite units Co-requisite units Application of the unit Field staff who install, maintain, upgrade and commission

telecommunications RF systems apply the skills and knowledge in this unit. Systems that use RF include satellite and microwave, radio or TV broadcasting, pay TV, free to air TV, radio frequency identification (RFID), mobile radio, cellular and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) networks.




1. Plan to conduct RF measurements

1.1. Arrange access to the site according to required procedure 1.2. Determine type of measurements required based on the

industry environment 1.3. Assess the impact of conducting measurements on the

network and advise customers and appropriate person accordingly

1.4. Assess previous measurement data if available 2. Conduct RF

measurements 2.1. Check that prescribed safety arrangements associated

with RF radiation are in place otherwise take corrective action

2.2. Monitor work activity to ensure it meets site specifications, and relevant legislation, codes, regulations and standards

2.3. Configure test equipment according to manufacturer’s specifications

2.4. Conduct measurements according to planned requirements

2.5. Assess RF levels at occupational and non occupational distances

2.6. Record all measurements and test configurations 3. Analyse measurement

outcomes 3.1. Verify measurements against relevant standards and

vendor specifications



ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 3.2. Assess problems and variance for corrective action and

notify appropriate person according to enterprise procedures

3.3. Record processes and recommendations 4. Document

measurement results 4.1. Complete customer documentations 4.2. Notify customer to obtain sign off

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit. Required skills • analytical skills to review and evaluate measurements • communication skills to provide advice and guidance to others or to seek assistance • literacy skills to interpret technical documentation • numeracy skills to check that equipment is calibrated, to take RF measurements, interpret

results and evaluate different types of technical data • planning and organisational skills to organise and prepare for measurements • problem solving skills to minimise measurement errors • task management skills to work logically and systematically with required attention to detail

when following complex test procedures • technical skills to:

◦ operate a range of specialised radio frequency test equipment and ◦ perform diagnostic procedures ◦ use hand and power tools

Required knowledge • detailed knowledge of:

◦ analog and digital modulation methods ◦ logarithmic units ◦ standard test procedures and test setups ◦ transmitter and receiver architectures

• RF: ◦ instrument and features and types ◦ radiation hazards ◦ safety practices

RANGE STATEMENT The range statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance. Bold italicised wording, if used in the performance criteria, is detailed below. Essential operating conditions that may be present with training and assessment (depending on the work situation, needs of the candidate, accessibility of the item, and local industry and regional contexts) may also be included. Measurements may relate to: • antenna

◦ bandwidth ◦ beamwidth ◦ impedance ◦ radiation pattern ◦ return loss

• bit error rate (BER) as a function of received signal level (RSL)

• carrier to noise ratio • electric field strength • electromagnetic interference (EMI) and

electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)



RANGE STATEMENT measurements: ◦ conducted ◦ radiated

• impedance • modulation error rate (MER) • receiver:

◦ 20 dB quieting ◦ blocking ◦ cross modulation ◦ image frequency ◦ intermodulation ◦ sensitivity ◦ SINAD ◦ total harmonic distortion

• RF amplifier: ◦ gain ◦ stability of RF amplifier when

- operating at 10% higher or lower supply voltage

- operating at extreme humidity - operating at extreme temperatures

◦ operating into a complex load impedance noise figure

• RF hazard measurements: ◦ non-occupational worker ◦ occupational worker

• RF measurements on passive devices: ◦ return loss ◦ S parameters ◦ transmission loss

• spectrum surveillance • sweep measurements • transmission line measurements • transmitter:

◦ adjacent channel power ◦ carrier frequency ◦ carrier frequency stability ◦ carrier power level ◦ deviation limiting ◦ frequency deviation ◦ harmonic power level ◦ modulation depth ◦ modulation response ◦ occupied bandwidth ◦ out of band spurious emissions ◦ phase deviation ◦ phase noise ◦ spectrum mask ◦ transient frequency behaviour ◦ two-tone intermodulation distortion ◦ unwanted spurious emissions.



RANGE STATEMENT Industry environment may include: • aeronautical

• aerospace • broadcasting:

◦ AM in MW band ◦ analog ◦ cable ◦ digital DAB+ ◦ digital DRM ◦ digital DVB ◦ FM stereo in VHF band ◦ global positioning system (GPS) ◦ short wave (HF) ◦ low power open narrowcasting (LPON) ◦ radio ◦ satellite ◦ television

• Bluetooth • cellular mobile telephony • fixed service • industrial and scientific • land mobile • licence-free ISM • marine • medical • microwave point to point • radio paging systems • RFID • WiMAX IEEE 802.16 • WiFi IEEE 802.11 • ZigBee IEEE 802.15.4-2003.

Appropriate person may include: • ACMA representative • consultant • engineer • supervisor.

Measurement data may include: • date • time • location • test configuration • measurement results • test equipment:

◦ manufacturer ◦ model ◦ serial number.

Relevant legislation, codes, regulations and standards may include:



• Australian Radiation Protections and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA (EMR) standard

• AS/NZS 4268:2008 • AS/NZS 4295:2004



RANGE STATEMENT • AS/NZS 4415.1:2003 • AS/NZS 4582:1999 • AS/NZS 4583:1999 • AS/NZS 4769.1:2000 • AS/NZS 4770:2000 • Australian building codes and regulations • Australian standards • enterprise standards • environmental protection • equipment standards • European Telecommunications Standards Institute

(ETSI) EN 300 220-1 Year? • ETSI EN 301 406 Year? • fire regulations • heritage legislation • international standards • intrinsically safe lightning protection • local government • OHS • Radcoms Act • RSS-119 • site engineering standards • spectrum planning reports • Telecommunications Act • Telecommunications Industry Alliance and

Electronic Industries Alliance (TIA/EIA) standards. Test equipment may include: • antenna analyser

• BER tester • cellular radio test set • constellation analysers • digital signal level meter • digital transmission analyser • directional RF power meter • dummy load • termination • EMI test receiver • frequency counter • multimeter • noise and distortion meter • oscilloscope • RF connectors and adaptors • RF test cables • return loss measuring equipment • RF power meter • RF radiation meter • RF scalar network analyser • RF termination • RF vector network analyser • spectrum analyser • switched or variable attenuator.




Evidence of the ability to: • plan and conduct RF test using RF test equipment

and instruments • measure, record and interpret test results • monitor work to meet related OHS requirements

and work practices. Context of and specific resources for assessment

Assessment must ensure: • site for RF measurements • a range of test equipment and items to test • relevant regulatory and equipment documentation

that impact on work activities. Method of assessment A range of assessment methods should be used to

assess practical skills and knowledge. the following examples are appropriate for this unit: • direct observation of the candidate setting up

equipment and performing RF measurements • review report of RF measurements prepared by

candidate • oral or written questioning of the candidate to

support the above measurement results • candidate report on findings and making

recommendations. Guidance information for assessment

Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry sector, workplace and job role is recommended, for example: • ICTRFN4158A Select an antenna system for radio

communications • ICTRFN4159A Identify and test cellular network

equipment • ICTRFN4174A Undertake radio communications

signals monitoring • ICTRFN4177A Install radio communications base

station equipment • ICTRFN4178A Maintain hybrid fibre coaxial

broadband cable network • ICTTEN4202A Install and test an radio frequency

identification system • ICTRFN3175A Operate and maintain radio

communications technical instruments and field equipment

• ICTCMP5176A Undertake radio communications site audit.

Aboriginal people and other people from a non-English speaking background may have second language issues. Access must be provided to appropriate learning and assessment support when required.



RANGE STATEMENT Assessment processes and techniques must be culturally appropriate, and appropriate to the oral communication skill level, and language and literacy capacity of the candidate and the work being performed. In all cases where practical assessment is used it will be combined with targeted questioning to assess required knowledge. Questioning techniques should not require language, literacy and numeracy skills beyond those required in this unit of competency. Where applicable, physical resources should include equipment modified for people with special needs.

ICTRFN4158A Select antenna system for radio communications


ICTRFN4158A Select antenna system for radio communications Unit descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and

knowledge required for the selection of an antenna system for radio communications to meet given performance requirements. This unit does not cover the estimation or analysis of radio signals within the desired area of coverage or over a specific radio path. This is covered in ICTRFN5179A Evaluate and analyse radio frequency (RF) signal coverage plots. No licensing, legislative, regulatory or certification requirements apply to this unit at the time of endorsement but users should confirm requirements with the relevant federal, state or territory authority.

Employability skills This unit contains employability skills. Prerequisite units Co-requisite units Application of the unit Technical staff from regulatory authorities or other private and

public organisations apply the skills and knowledge in this unit. They combine technical radio communications skills with broader organisational and administrative skills to evaluate and select antenna systems in a range of commercial and community contexts. Technical staff may be responsible for small projects or parts of larger projects, and for the coordination and direction of small technical groups.




1. Prepare to select antenna system

1.1. Establish extent of project from design brief or specification within a team environment

1.2. Obtain and review plans and drawings of existing or proposed installation site

1.3. Determine whether antenna system hardware requires a secure hut or shelter

1.4. Determine antenna requirements and antenna feedline requirements from design brief or specifications and research available commercial products

1.5. Determine earthing components to meet regulatory and earthing requirements of antenna system

1.6. Prepare the antenna feedline route to comply with job specifications and regulatory requirements

1.7. Identify installation options and assess against performance requirements and customer requirements



ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 2. Select antenna system 2.1. Evaluate potential antenna system solutions which satisfy

required performance, budgetary and regulatory requirements, and are suitable for installation in the specified environment

2.2. Make recommendations and select optimum antenna system

3. Document antenna system selection

3.1. Document calculations, final specifications and reasons for selection of antenna system

3.2. Prepare a final report, including documentation and drawings of selected antenna system and distribute to appropriate persons in accordance with enterprise policies and procedures

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit. Required skills • communication skills to liaise with internal and external personnel on technical, operational

and commercial matters • literacy skills to:

◦ interpret technical documentation ◦ write final reports in required format

• numeracy skills to: ◦ convert decibel gain values to ratios ◦ evaluate and calculate effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) ◦ evaluate different types of technical data ◦ interpret results

• planning and organisational skills to: ◦ plan, prioritise and monitor own work ◦ coordinate teamwork with others

• problem solving and contingency management skills to adapt requirements of particular sites and customers, and modify activities depending on differing operational contingencies, risk situations and environments

• research skills to examine and evaluate antenna patterns, specifications and data, and be able to synthesise antenna systems from commercially available products

• spatial skills to interpret and convert between two-dimensional and three-dimensional antenna patterns

• task management skills to work systematically with required attention to detail Required knowledge • antenna and propagation theory and industry practice • antenna array theory • transmission line theory and industry practice • specific issues related to antenna installations and the creation of particular radiation

patterns

RANGE STATEMENT The range statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance. Bold italicised wording, if used in the performance criteria, is detailed below. Essential operating conditions that may be present with training and assessment (depending on the work situation, needs of the candidate, accessibility of the item, and local industry and regional contexts) may also be included. Antenna system may include: • antenna array

• directional coupler • duplexer



RANGE STATEMENT • earthing components • ferrite isolator • filter:

◦ cavity ◦ bandpass ◦ band reject ◦ low pass ◦ stub

• lightning protection • multiple feedlines • phasing harness • single antenna • single feedline.

Antenna requirements may include: • antenna height above ground • bandwidth:

◦ specified in MHz ◦ specified as % of centre frequency

• beamwidth specifications in the: ◦ E plane ◦ H plane

• front to back ratio: • gain:

◦ dBi ◦ dBd

• minor lobes • mounting method • polarisation:

◦ circular ◦ horizontal ◦ vertical

• radiation pattern coverage: ◦ bi-directional ◦ irregular pattern ◦ omnidirectional ◦ unidirectional

• radiation pattern specifications in the: ◦ E plane ◦ H plane

• radome • shroud.

Feedline requirements may include: • allowable loss in dB • characteristic impedance • mechanical characteristics • method of securing • RF connector type • weatherproofing.

Appropriate persons may include: • customer • engineer • project manager • supervisor.




Evidence of the ability to: • select an antenna system • justify and document antenna system selection.


Assessment must ensure: • antenna resources such as manufacturers’ data

sheets, specifications and catalogues • transmission line resources such as manufacturers’

data sheets, specifications and catalogues. Method of assessment A range of assessment methods should be used to

assess practical skills and knowledge. The following examples are appropriate for this unit: • direct observation of the candidate evaluating and

selecting suitable antenna systems • review of reports completed by the candidate • oral or written questioning to assess knowledge of

the selection of a radio communications antenna. Guidance information for assessment


measurements • ICTRFN5179A Evaluate and analyse radio

frequency signal coverage plots. Aboriginal people and other people from a non-English speaking background may have second language issues. Access must be provided to appropriate learning and assessment support when required. Assessment processes and techniques must be culturally appropriate, and appropriate to the oral communication skill level, and language and literacy capacity of the candidate and the work being performed. In all cases where practical assessment is used it will be combined with targeted questioning to assess required knowledge. Questioning techniques should not require language, literacy and numeracy skills beyond those required in this unit of competency. Where applicable, physical resources should include equipment modified for people with special needs.

ICTRFN4159A Test and repair cellular network equipment


ICTRFN4159A Test and repair cellular network equipment Unit descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and

knowledge required to test cell performance and perform diagnostic tests and repairs on sub-elements and subsystems within cellular networks. No licensing, legislative, regulatory or certification requirements apply to this unit at the time of endorsement but users should confirm requirements with the relevant federal, state or territory authority.

Employability skills This unit contains employability skills. Prerequisite units Co-requisite units Application of the unit Field officers and technicians who perform diagnostic and repair

tasks on cellular network equipment apply the skills and knowledge of this unit. They may be responsible under supervision for small projects or parts of larger projects and for the coordination of projects in sites remote from the organisational headquarters.




1. Prepare to test cellular network equipment

1.1. Produce an alarm list from cellular network subsystem which shows faults or disturbances

1.2. Reset sub-element according to manufacturer’s specifications

1.3. Clear or block alarms and adjust alarm thresholds according to manufacturer’s specifications

2. Test cellular network sub-element equipment

2.1. Test parameters influencing cell performance and record performance for a range of field settings

2.2. Test, record and report sub-element performance according to manufacturer’s specifications

2.3. Run diagnostic test on sub-element 2.4. Swap the working or executing sub-element with the spare

or idle unit to allow software upgrades 2.5. Swap the working or executing sub-element with the spare

or idle sub-element to allow replacement of hardware 3. Rectify faults in

cellular network equipment subsystems

3.1. Locate faulty sub-element within subsystem and identify fault

3.2. Identify faulty parts or equipment and replace or repair according to service agreement

3.3. Record fault details and rectification summary 3.4. Hand over and sign off with customer



REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit. Required skills • communication skills to liaise with internal and external personnel on technical requirements • literacy skills to read, interpret and prepare technical documentation • numeracy skills to read and interpret measurements and report to supervisors • planning and organisational skills to plan the test in coordination with supervisors • safety awareness skills to:



• technical skills to: ◦ install network equipment ◦ perform fault clearance ◦ select and use appropriate test equipment and practices to suit different network

applications ◦ recognising and interpreting alarms

Required knowledge • anti static protection • cellular antenna installation • electrical concepts and measurements • electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and mitigation • network components and their basic functions • occupational health and safety (OHS) relevant to work activity • overview knowledge of:

◦ 1st, 2nd and 3rd generations of cellular networks ◦ features and operating requirements of test equipment

• procedures for repairs and swap activities • test operation of cellular network equipment • testing network components • voltage levels and polarity

RANGE STATEMENT The range statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance. Bold italicised wording, if used in the performance criteria, is detailed below. Essential operating conditions that may be present with training and assessment (depending on the work situation, needs of the candidate, accessibility of the item, and local industry and regional contexts) may also be included. Cellular network may include: • GSM (2G)

• 2.5G GPRS • 2.75G EGPRS • 3G and associated 3GPRS • 4G.

Disturbances may relate to:

• common channel signalling unit • link performance or sub-elements:

◦ charging unit (CHU) ◦ statistical unit (STU).

Reset sub-element may include: • hardware • software.

Adjust alarm thresholds may relate to:

• increasing or decreasing thresholds for: ◦ links between carriers ◦ links between elements



RANGE STATEMENT ◦ subsystem units.

Cell performance may include:

• bit error rate (BER) of air interface • handover • hysteresis parameter • power measurements from neighbour cells • power measurements within a cell.

Sub-element may refer to: • CHU • common channel signalling control unit (CCSCU) • group switch unit (GSU) • home location register unit (VLRU) • STU • visitor location unit (VLRU).

Swap may refer to: • units in: ◦ faulty out of use mode ◦ spare or idle mode ◦ testing mode ◦ working or executing mode.

Faulty sub-element may refer to:

• hardware • software.

Subsystem may include: • authentication centre (AUC) • base station controller (BSC) • base transceiver station (BTS) • equipment Identity Register (EIR) • gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) • home Location Register (HLR) • media gateway (MGW) • mobile Switching Centre (MSC) • Node-B • Radio Network Controller (RNC) • Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) • Transcoder Rate Adapter Unit (TRAU) • visitor location register (VLR).

Replace or repair may refer to: • cold swap procedure • hot swap procedure.




Evidence of the ability to: • measure cell performance • measure output power received at around a cell • produce an alarm list and use this to locate faults • run diagnostic tests on sub-elements and

subsystems • locate and repair faulty sub-elements and

subsystems. Context of and specific resources for assessment

Assessment must ensure: • site for mobile phone network tests and

measurements • performance testing software • relevant legislation and documentation to test and

repair network equipment. Method of assessment A range of assessment methods should be used to

assess practical skills and knowledge. The following examples are appropriate for this unit: • direct observation of the candidate performing

measurements and repairing faults • review of fault details, rectification summary and

recommendations prepared by the candidate • oral or written questioning to assess required

knowledge. Guidance information for assessment

Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry sector, workplace and job role is recommended, for example: • ICTTEN3056A Install telecommunications network

equipment • ICTTEN3089A Repair and replace

telecommunications network hardware. Aboriginal people and other people from a non-English speaking background may have second language issues. Access must be provided to appropriate learning and assessment support when required. Assessment processes and techniques must be culturally appropriate, and appropriate to the oral communication skill level, and language and literacy capacity of the candidate and the work being performed. In all cases where practical assessment is used it will be combined with targeted questioning to assess required knowledge. Questioning techniques should not require language, literacy and numeracy skills beyond those required in this unit of competency.



EVIDENCE GUIDE Where applicable, physical resources should include equipment modified for people with special needs.

ICTRFN4174A Undertake radio communications signals monitoring


ICTRFN4174A Undertake radio communications signals monitoring Unit descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and

knowledge required to monitor radio communications signals for interference management, investigation, licence conditions intelligence and frequency occupancy purposes with discretion to determine appropriate action according to relevant Acts and regulations. Individuals must comply with radio communications transmitter licensing requirements and operator certificates for maritime and aeronautical services and occupational health and safety (OHS) electromagnetic radiation (EMR) licensing requirements as appropriate.

Employability skills This unit contains employability skills. Prerequisite units Co-requisite units Application of the unit Field officers from regulatory authorities or other private and public

organisations apply the skills and knowledge in this unit. They combine technical skills with broader organisational and administrative skills to monitor and action non-compliance of radio communications. Field officers may be responsible for small projects or parts of larger projects, and for the coordination and direction of small groups working on sites remote from the organisational headquarters.




1. Prepare for radio communications signals monitoring

1.1. Prepare for given work according to relevant legislation, codes, regulations and standards, including OHS issues and possible hazards

1.2. Identify the specific triggers that lead to the need for monitoring activities

1.3. Determine monitoring coordinates as a result of a client complaint

1.4. Determine the extent and nature of the communications problem through desktop research and relevant information

1.5. Enter necessary details into the appropriate work management system

2. Plan and organise monitoring activities

2.1. Determine monitoring activities and responsibilities according to organisational requirements

2.2. Determine procedures, timeframes, resources and equipment requirements for self and others according to



ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA organisational and task requirements

2.3. Obtain resources and equipment and prepare according to organisational and task requirements

2.4. Identify communication strategies to make clients aware of their obligations under relevant legislation, codes, regulations and standards according to organisational policy and procedures

2.5. Update and review procedural and information guides as required

2.6. Implement risk management strategies as required according to set procedures and timelines

3. Undertake monitoring 3.1. Carry out monitoring activities according to organisational and legislative requirements, including OHS

3.2. Use and maintain resources and equipment according to organisational and task requirements

3.3. Identify and confirm communications and/or interference problems

3.4. Locate position and source of communications and/or interference problems

3.5. Identify the organisation responsible for the communications and/or interference problems

3.6. Undertake compliance analysis of unlicensed, unauthorised and non-standard equipment if appropriate

3.7. Provide advice to operational and technical subordinate officers according to organisational policy and procedures as required

4. Act on non-compliance

4.1. Provide information to client and take action as a result of failure to achieve compliance according to organisational guidelines and legislative requirements based on the seriousness of the possible breach

4.2. Identify contraventions of compliance requirements and report recommended action according to organisational policy and procedures

4.3. Refer serious or complex situations for advice or resolution according to organisational policy and procedures

4.4. Use relevant collection methods to gain information and evidence about elements of each offence to be prosecuted and provide according to legislation, procedures and rules of evidence

4.5. Conduct and fulfil court attendance requirements in compliance with organisational guidelines as required

4.6. Ensure case is finalised according to court outcomes and organisational guidelines

5. Provide reports and information

5.1. Interpret requirements of relevant legislation and provide information and advice on technical and operational matters

5.2. Advise clients affected by outcomes within limits of privacy legislation

5.3. Maintain records and prepare and provide reports according to organisational requirements

5.4. Update any compliance management systems with relevant findings and outcomes



REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit. Required skills • communication skills to liaise with a diverse range of clients and staff to promote awareness

and action on radio communications issues • information technology skills for word processing, using statistical data and desktop

research • literacy skills to write reports using standard formats and to read and interpret a range of

technical and legal information • oral presentation skills required for legal settings • problem solving skills to respond to typical challenges encountered in different radio

communications monitoring situations • research and analysis skills to gather and interpret technical data • safety skills to operate equipment and vehicles • technical skills to:

◦ operate receiving equipment, antenna systems, remote monitoring systems and workplace equipment

◦ operate direction finding equipment ◦ use HF, VHF, UHF and microwave receiving techniques ◦ use triangulation techniques

Required knowledge • legislation, codes of practice and other formal agreements that directly impact on monitoring

of radio communications signals: ◦ specifics of what constitutes an offence ◦ responses for non-compliance ◦ environmental requirements ◦ privacy issues

• specific OHS requirements that impact on monitoring in terms of safety of self and public safety: ◦ RF personal protective equipment ◦ EMR at RF transmission sites ◦ building site induction requirements ◦ environmental conditions

• specific monitoring procedures for radio communications and relevant organisational policies and procedures

• characteristics of different environments and workplaces where monitoring takes place • radio communications systems used in the relevant work context • specific issues related to antenna performance:

◦ directivity ◦ gain ◦ height

• effects of cable attenuation and impedance mismatch • effects of ionosphere:

◦ HF propagation ◦ warning, fadeout, solar flares ◦ ionospheric prediction service (IPS)

• modulation methods, AM, FM and digital formats • field strength surveys and EMR measurements • propagation properties of terrain • RF awareness




• Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) standards

• Commonwealth legislation and regulations • Crimes Act and Criminal Code Act • Interception Act • International ISO standards • International Telecommunications Union (ITU)

regulations • National Measurements Act • OHS Act • Privacy Act • private property law • Radio Communications Act • spectrum management legislation • state, territory and local government legislation and

regulations: ◦ building ◦ conservation and land management ◦ emergencies ◦ environmental protection ◦ international legislation/codes of behaviour

• Telecommunications Act. Hazards may include: • environmental conditions:

◦ broken ground ◦ dust ◦ flora and fauna ◦ location involving working over old underground

workings and voids ◦ materials ◦ natural landscapes ◦ noise ◦ run-off and spills ◦ waste management and disposal ◦ water quality ◦ wet conditions ◦ working at heights or on roof tops

• safety issues: ◦ electromagnetic radiation ◦ emissions ◦ EMR based on site power ◦ hazardous chemicals ◦ laser output ◦ underground plant

• vehicle safety: ◦ 4WD ◦ driving in adverse conditions ◦ winches.

Triggers may relate to: • assisting frequency assigners prior to allocations



RANGE STATEMENT • broadcast survey at head office request • complaints • complaints in writing • expired licences • field strength for low power open narrowcasting

(LPONS) and digital action plan (DAP) • interference • investigations • monitoring to check complaint is legitimate or

interference occurring may be intermittent interference

• monitoring of high demand spectrum when a large user is requesting more spectrum whilst appearing to be using their existing inefficiently

• noise floor measurements for spectrum planning • proactive compliance activity • site audits • special events monitoring under contract • task created as a result of monitoring.

Monitoring activities may include or relate to:

• audio content • channel usage (orphans) • deviation • EMC issues • feed into investigation • field strength • focused and benchmark audit activities • frequency • modulation • occupancy • other compliance assurance activities • power • radiation patterns • radio communications audit • radio interference complaint • spectrum display • surveillance • transmitted data • unlicensed services or content • verification of adherence to licence conditions.

Responsibilities may relate to the roles of:

• inspection specialists • line managers • program managers • project managers • senior inspectors • senior policy officers • supervisors.

Procedures may include: • broadcast tower safety • channel occupancy with transmitter operating • decisions to target certain sites:

◦ communal ◦ power level



RANGE STATEMENT • emergency procedures • evacuation procedures • geographical considerations • handling procedures • incident reporting procedures • interference complaints • investigation of power measurement to ensure

correct power • ITU monitoring handbook • legislative requirements such as provisions of the • licence conditions regarding the operating

frequency of transmitters • measurement procedures • monitoring instructions and policies • observation • OHS • organisational guidelines and code of conduct • power company requirements • RADCOM data purification • rejection procedures • safety procedures • sampling procedures • site visit compliance instruction procedure guide • statutory authority requirements (ACMA) • storage procedures.

Resources and equipment may include:

• antenna configuration • Argus monitoring – software • communication equipment • communications receivers • dedicated HF monitoring stations • desk monitor equipment, such as universal

monitoring remote control system (UMRCS) • Doppler systems • electronic recording equipment – multi-track • entry authority or warrant • field strength measurement • global positioning system (GPS) equipment • hand-held equipment • portable monitoring equipment • Radphones • receiver protection:

◦ attenuators ◦ filters

• recording equipment • remote access of carriers monitoring systems

through software installed on a desktop and dialup number for monitoring

• satellite imagery • scanners • spatial data and information • spectrum analysers



RANGE STATEMENT • storage equipment and facilities • vehicle mounted and mobile direction finding

equipment • vehicles 2 or 4WD.

Risk management strategies may relate to:

• access • control • monitoring.

Action may include: • advice • court prosecution • formal notification of intent • infringement notices • on-the-spot fines • warning.

Collection methods may include: • determination of land ownership • interviewing • maintenance of case files • observation • recording • seizure.

Records may include: • case files • forms:

◦ application, ◦ notification

• invoices • notices:

◦ infringement ◦ seizure

• receipts • statistics.




Evidence of the ability to: • plan and conduct radio communications signals

monitoring activities under general direction in a range of different contexts

• comply with site risk control, OHS, environmental, quality and communication requirements

• apply knowledge of appropriate procedures and techniques for efficient and effective preparation and operation, including calibration, maintenance and commissioning of instruments and field equipment appropriate to a communications environment site

• respond effectively to different challenges and operational requirements for monitoring, including coping with difficulties, irregularities and breakdowns in routine.


Assessment must ensure: • sites on which monitoring may be conducted • use of monitoring and testing equipment currently

used in industry • relevant regulatory and equipment documentation

that impact on monitoring activities. Method of assessment A range of assessment methods should be used to

assess practical skills and knowledge. The following examples are appropriate for this unit: • direct observation of the candidate carrying out

monitoring activities • review of monitoring reports completed by the

candidate for different sites and equipment • oral or written questioning to assess knowledge of

legislation and monitoring procedures • review of the candidate responses to a range of

different situations likely to be encountered when conducting monitoring activities.


Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry sector, workplaces and job role is recommended, for example: • ICTRFN4095A Conduct radio frequency

measurements • ICTCMP5176A Undertake radio communications

site audit. Aboriginal people and other people from a non-English speaking background may have second language issues. Access must be provided to appropriate learning and assessment support when required. Assessment processes and techniques must be



EVIDENCE GUIDE culturally appropriate, and appropriate to the oral communication skill level, and language and literacy capacity of the candidate and the work being performed. In all cases where practical assessment is used it will be combined with targeted questioning to assess required knowledge. Questioning techniques should not require language, literacy and numeracy skills beyond those required in this unit of competency. Where applicable, physical resources should include equipment modified for people with special needs.

ICTRFN4177A Install radio communications base station equipment


ICTRFN4177A Install radio communications base station equipment Unit descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skill and knowledge

required to install a radio communications base station in the VHF, UHF or microwave bands. No licensing, legislative, regulatory or certification requirements apply to this unit at the time of endorsement but users should confirm requirements with the relevant federal, state or territory authority.

Employability skills This unit contains employability skills. Prerequisite units Co-requisite units Application of the unit Field officers from private or public organisations apply the skills

and knowledge in this unit. They combine technical radio communications skills with organisational and administrative skills to install radio communications base station equipment in a range of commercial and community contexts. Base station installation generally includes data and voice equipment and wiring, transmitter, receiver, feedline and multicoupling equipment




1. Prepare to install radio communications base station equipment

1.1. Assess available installation options against customer requirements and relevant legislation, codes, regulations and standards

1.2. Arrange access to the site according to required procedure 1.3. Confirm equipment locations 1.4. Confirm base station equipment listings and

manufacturer’s and enterprise documents against the installation brief

1.5. Review installation briefs in consultation with the designers or manufacturers

1.6. Adjust tools and equipment to manufacturer's specification 2. Install equipment and

terminate voice and data cables, power cables and radio frequency (RF) cables

2.1. Observe anti-static precautions when handling circuit cards and conduct all work in a manner which is safe to self, fellow workers and the public at large

2.2. Install racks, frames, and shelves as required for data and voice frequency (VF) interface equipment, transmitter and receiver

2.3. Position equipment and install according to manufacturer's specifications and design detail

2.4. Label equipment, distribution frames and blocks according to enterprise policy



ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 2.5. Strip cables and terminate conductors according to

manufacturer's specifications 2.6. Clean optical fibre connectors using appropriate cleaning

techniques 2.7. Connect network termination unit (NTU) cables to data and

VF interface unit via distribution frame 2.8. Connect data and VF cables to radio equipment 2.9. Connect digital and analog alarm inputs and outputs to

supervisory, control and data acquisition (SCADA) controller

2.10. Connect power cables to rectifier, battery rack, circuit breakers, and equipment according to manufacturer's and enterprise documents

2.11. Use computer or handheld device to program internal software in the data and VF interface equipment, and transmitter and receiver

2.12. Interconnect multicoupling equipment to antenna feedline and transmitter and receiver units.

2.13. Mount lightning protection equipment and earth wire according to specification

3. Connect receiver and transmitter multicoupling equipment to antenna feedline

3.1. Perform distance to fault measurement on antenna feedline

3.2. Perform return loss measurement of overall antenna system at transmitter and receiver connector points

3.3. Record test results 4. Finalise installation

and complete preliminary tests and administrative tasks

4.1. Complete preliminary tests to verify transmitter and receiver operation prior to commissioning

4.2. Complete installation report, test results and administrative tasks and forward to the appropriate person according to enterprise policy

4.3. Dispose of packaging according to accepted environmental conditions

4.4. Notify appropriate person that base station is ready for commissioning and integration

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit. Required skills • communication skills to question, listen and respond to subject matter experts on technical

and operational matters related to performance of telecommunications networks and fault-finding

• literacy skills to interpret technical documentation and incorporate technical language into written tasks and basic reports

• numeracy skills to: ◦ interpret technical data for specifications of telecommunications networks ◦ use mathematical formulas to solve problems in AC circuits

• planning and organisational skills to plan, prioritise and monitor own work and coordinate the work of others

• problem solving skills to: ◦ apply AC fault-finding techniques to different situations ◦ apply network fault-finding techniques to fault find telecommunications network

• research skills to interrogate databases and other sources to investigate performance and systematic and logical fault-finding techniques of telecommunication networks



REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE • safety awareness skills to:




• technical skills to: ◦ fibre optic connector cleaning techniques ◦ load software from computer to various devices ◦ select and use appropriate test equipment to undertake performance and fault-finding

techniques in telecommunications networks including: - distance to fault measurement - return loss measurement

• terminate data and voice cable and RF cable Required knowledge • detailed knowledge of:

◦ anti-static precautions ◦ RF radiation hazard awareness ◦ network termination unit ◦ radio transmitter system ◦ radio receiver system ◦ multicoupler ◦ SCADA system inputs and outputs

• operation and purpose of testing equipment and meaning of test results and network element and system specifications

• overview of telecommunications networks • performance testing and fault finding techniques of telecommunications networks




• AS/NZS 3000:2007 • AS/NZS 3080:2003 • AS/NZS 3084:2003 • AS/NZS 3085.1:2004 • AS/NZS IEC 61935.1:2006 • AS/NZS IEC 61935.2:2006 • AS/NZS ISO/IEC 14763.3:2007 • AS/NZS ISO/IEC 15018:2005 • AS/NZS ISO/IEC 24702:2007 • Australian building codes and regulations • cabling security codes and regulations • fire regulations • industry drafting codes of practice • mining legislation



RANGE STATEMENT • noise abatement and heritage legislation • OHS • technical standards AS/ACIF S008:2006 and

AS/ACIF S009:2006. Base station may include: • analog modulation

• digital modulation • repeater • terrestrial trunked radio (TETRA).

Anti-static precautions may include: • avoiding contact with static materials, such as plastics

• circuit cards transported in anti-static bags or cartons

• electrically conducting floor mats • use of conducting wrist strap earthed via high

resistance path. Appropriate cleaning techniques may include:

• alcohol swabs • dry type cleaning cassette for optical connectors • lint free dry wipes • microscope for examining optical connector face.

Alarm may include: • forward power • over temperature • over voltage • PLL unlock • rack door • radio hut door • reverse power • time out.

Multicoupling equipment may include:

• cavity filter • ferrite isolator • hybrid multicoupler • receiver multicoupler • receiver preselect amplifier • transmitter multicoupler.

Appropriate person may include: • consultant • customer • project engineer • supervisor • team leader.




Evidence of the following is essential: • install radio communications base station

equipment • perform distance to fault measurement on feedline • perform return loss measurement on feedline • document and complete installation report.


Assessment must ensure: • sites on which base station installation can be

conducted • tools and equipment required for installation • technical specifications, organisational

documentation and requirements for installation and testing.

Method of assessment A range of assessment methods should be used to assess practical skills and knowledge. The following examples are appropriate for this unit: • review of an oral and written report with completed

documentation • direct observation of the candidate installing and

connecting base station equipment • oral or written questioning to assess knowledge of

radio communications base station installation procedures.



measurements. Aboriginal people and other people from a non-English speaking background may have second language issues. Access must be provided to appropriate learning and assessment support when required. Assessment processes and techniques must be culturally appropriate, and appropriate to the oral communication skill level, and language and literacy capacity of the candidate and the work being performed. In all cases where practical assessment is used it will be combined with targeted questioning to assess required knowledge. Questioning techniques should not require language, literacy and numeracy skills beyond those required in this unit of competency. Where applicable, physical resources should include equipment modified for people with special needs.

ICTRFN4178A Maintain hybrid fibre coaxial broadband cable network


ICTRFN4178A Maintain hybrid fibre coaxial broadband cable network Unit descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and

knowledge required to maintain a hybrid fibre coaxial (HFC) broadband cable network. It involves routine maintenance tasks, analysing results and initiating corrective action. Licensing, legislative, regulatory and certification requirements apply to working at heights, confined spaces, crane operation, rigging, driving and other operations involved in this unit. Users should confirm requirements with the relevant federal, state or territory authority.

Employability skills This unit contains employability skills. Prerequisite units Co-requisite units Application of the unit Field officers from telecommunications carriers, service providers

and contractors apply the skills and knowledge in this unit. They combine a broad range of optical and radio frequency (RF) technical skills with organisational skills to maintain the HFC broadband cable network, generally with limited supervision and guidance. Relevant job roles involve adjustment of optical and RF power levels, investigating sources of RF and broadcast interference to the network and conducting specialised tests to determine the status of the HFC network.




1. Prepare for routine maintenance of broadband cable network

1.1. Obtain relevant legislation, codes, regulations and standards for the given work

1.2. Determine the HFC network elements requiring maintenance and obtain maintenance details from the various HFC manufacturer's equipment manuals

1.3. Plan a detailed routine maintenance schedule and discuss with all relevant personnel

1.4. Notify the network operations centre (NOC) of the proposed maintenance details and maintenance schedule

1.5. Assess the potential impact of the proposed maintenance on customers and network, and plan for minimal possible outage or deferral of maintenance

1.6. Obtain necessary tools and resources and test equipment to undertake the maintenance

1.7. Ascertain and record recent network stability and network performance



ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 2. Undertake routine

HFC network maintenance tasks

2.1. Conduct routine maintenance tasks according to documented enterprise instructions and following occupational health and safety (OHS) and environmental requirements and record results

2.2. Protect the network from excessive interference or degradation of service during maintenance routines

2.3. Monitor relevant alarms during the running of the maintenance tasks and report incidences to NOC

2.4. Escalate unresolved faults according to established enterprise procedure

2.5. Conduct performance measurements following routine maintenance schedule

3. Analyse results and initiate corrective action

3.1. Assess outcomes of performance measurements and maintenance routines to ensure they are according to specification

3.2. Analyse identified problems for likely impact and repair within capability and initiate or escalate repair action where repair is beyond capability

3.3. Undertake outage if required in conjunction with NOC and according to prescribed enterprise outage plan

3.4. Record problems and incidences in the maintenance log for future action as required by the maintenance agreement

3.5. Verify alarms to ensure maintenance routines did not generate further problems

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit. Required skills • analytical skills to evaluate impact of maintenance on customers and network • communication skills to provide advice and guidance to others and to liaise with other

technical staff on operational matters • initiative and enterprise skills to identify improvements to maintenance procedures • literacy skills to read technical data and interpret technical and non-technical information

from a range of sources and write reports • PC skills to upgrade installed software • planning and organisational skills to plan for outage • technical skills to:

◦ identify noise and ingress ◦ set up, operate and interpret results on complex test instruments:

- optical instruments: optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR), optical power meter - RF instruments: digital signal level meter, RF sweep equipment, spectrum analyser

◦ use hand and power tools to assemble and disassemble equipment in pits and in elevated situated situations

Required knowledge • 16 QAM • 256 QAM • 64 QAM • overview of AC and DC theory • amplifier types and placement • awareness of forward error correction (FEC) and Reed-Solomon Code • bi-directional RF amplifier and unidirectional RF amplifier



REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE • bit error ratio (BER) and acceptable values • calculation of overall gain or loss when given signal levels in dBmv • coaxial transmission line characteristics including cable tilt or slope • constellation diagram interpretation • digital modulation techniques • DOCSIS cable modem characteristics • eye diagram interpretation • forward path from head end to subscriber showing expected signal levels at key points • frequency spectrum and RF frequency plan HFC broadband cable network • future BCN and migration to all-optical cable networks • HFC broadband cable network principles, architecture and associated equipment • measurement of optical power • minimum standards allowable in the return path for ingress • modulation error ratio (MER) and acceptable values • optical fibre characteristics • passive devices including filter, attenuator, power inserter, coaxial splitter, coupler, multitap,

equaliser • power supply requirements in a HFC broadband cable network • quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) • return path from subscriber to head end showing expected signal levels at key points • RF amplifier characteristics including gain and tilt adjustment, equalisation, overload • services carried on HFC broadband cable network • spectrum utilisation of the return path showing location of telephony and data channels and

signalling and test frequencies • forms of ingress and where they may fall in the return path • video stream transport formats:

◦ DVB-ASI ◦ HD-SDI ◦ MPEG-2 ◦ SD-SDI


• appropriate licences: ◦ cable ◦ electrical ◦ elevated work platform (EWP) ◦ rigger



• Australian building codes and regulations • Australian standards • enterprise standards • environmental protection • equipment standards • fire regulations



RANGE STATEMENT • heritage legislation • international standards • intrinsically safe lightning protection • local government • OHS • site engineering standard • Telecommunications Act.

HFC network elements may include: • headend • optical network:

◦ optical node ◦ optical or RF hub

• RF network: ◦ customer tap ◦ global network amplifier (GNA) with reverse

path amplifier ◦ isolator ◦ line extender (LE) with reverse path amplifier ◦ line power inserter ◦ splitter.

Maintenance may include: • corrective maintenance • remote maintenance • routine maintenance.

Network Operations Centre may include:

• coordination of repairs or changes to the network • escalation of faults • monitoring:

◦ network alarms ◦ optical fibre cuts ◦ power failures

• performing diagnostic tests • troubleshooting.

Maintenance schedule may be: • details from service level agreement (SLA) • frequency:

◦ monthly ◦ quarterly

• procedures • responsibilities and commitment • timings.

Potential impact may include: • degradation of service to residential customers • disruption of service to residential customers • intermittent degradation of service to residential

customers • intermittent performance • loss of service and revenue to enterprise customers • outage • total loss of service to residential customers.

Outage may include: • loss of service to customers due to a network fault or upgrade

• planned in the case of network upgrades • unplanned in relation to faults.

Tools may include:

• anti-static wrist strap • PC board or sub-rack removal tool



RANGE STATEMENT • pliers • power drill • screwdrivers • sockets • soldering iron • spanners.

Resources may include: • elevated work platform hire • licensed cabler • licensed electrician • licensed rigger • optical fibre specialist • optical fibre splicer.

Test equipment may include: • network profiler – spectrum analyser and digital modulation analyser fitted with: ◦ cable TV (CATV) module ◦ dual path sweep module

• sweep ingress analyser • integrated sweep transmitter • laptop computer • multimeter • optical fibre power meter • OTDR • oscilloscope.

Network stability may include:

• reliability of the network: ◦ over time ◦ under varying load conditions ◦ under varying traffic conditions.

Routine maintenance tasks may include:

• adjusting pads and equalisers to obtain correct output signal levels in RF amplifiers

• conducting: ◦ basic AC DC voltage and resistance

measurements using a multimeter ◦ constellation measurement ◦ MER measurement and BER measurement (pre

and post FEC) using a digital analyser ◦ multi channel tests across the whole band ◦ system ingress measurement

• digital channel power • measuring:

◦ hum modulation ◦ optical power levels at:

- head end - hub - node

◦ RF carrier levels at: - GNA - Hub - LE - tap

• performing RF level and frequency measurements: ◦ level



RANGE STATEMENT ◦ tilt

• remotely monitoring and recording customer broadband cable modem levels to assist in pinpointing network problems

• sweep testing the RF coaxial portion of the network: ◦ forward sweep test:

- high frequency short circuits - standing waves - frequency 'suck-out' - flatness – peak to valley

◦ reverse sweep test • using a network profiler instrument to troubleshoot

faults in the HFC network • verifying and confirming:

◦ forward optical transmitter output power and optical loss budget

◦ reverse optical transmitter output power and optical loss budget.

OHS and environmental requirements may relate to:


• safe working practices, such as the safe use and handling of: ◦ asbestos ◦ chemicals ◦ materials ◦ tools and equipment ◦ work platforms

• safety barriers • safety equipment • warning signs and tapes • environmental considerations:

◦ clean-up ◦ noise and dust ◦ stormwater protection ◦ waste management.

Performance measurements may include:

• Proof of performance tests on the: ◦ forward path ◦ return path

• optical power levels and confirm correct operation • RF BER and MER measurements using network

profiler.




Evidence of the ability to: • plan, conduct and record HFC maintenance

activities procedures and techniques • comply with site risk control, OHS, environmental,

quality and communication requirements • perform RF and optical measurements


Assessment must ensure: • sites on which HFC maintenance may be conducted • use of maintenance tools and test instruments

currently used in industry • relevant regulatory, enterprise and equipment

documentation that impact on maintenance activities.

Method of assessment A range of assessment methods should be used to assess practical skills and knowledge. The following examples are appropriate for this unit: • direct observation of the candidate carrying out

HFC maintenance activities • review of maintenance reports completed by the

candidate for different sites and equipment within the HFC network

• oral or written questioning to assess knowledge of maintenance procedures.


Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry sector, workplace and job role is recommended. • ICTTEN4085A Monitor, analyse and action

telecommunications network alarms • ICTTEN4086A Undertake routine maintenance of

the telecommunications network. Aboriginal people and other people from a non-English speaking background may have second language issues. Access must be provided to appropriate learning and assessment support when required. Assessment processes and techniques must be culturally appropriate, and appropriate to the oral communication skill level, and language and literacy capacity of the candidate and the work being performed. In all cases where practical assessment is used it will be combined with targeted questioning to assess required knowledge. Questioning techniques should not require language, literacy and numeracy skills beyond those required in this unit of competency.

ICTRFN5097A Test cellular handset enhancements and international roaming agreements



Unit descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and knowledge required to test the handset enhancements and international roaming capability of a subscriber’s cellular phone service in a public land mobile network (PLMN) overseas. In order to guarantee the subscriber high quality and full availability, regular international roaming tests are necessary. Manual roaming testing has largely given way to fully automated testing due to the large number of PLMNs and tests required. No licensing, legislative, regulatory or certification requirements apply to this unit at the time of endorsement but users should confirm requirements with the relevant federal, state or territory authority.

Employability skills This unit contains employability skills. Prerequisite units Co-requisite units Application of the unit Technical officers and supervisors who test the international

roaming capabilities of cellular mobile equipment apply the skills and knowledge in this unit.




1. Prepare to conduct roaming tests

1.1. Obtain relevant legislation, codes, regulations and standards for compliance when conducting work

1.2. Identify need for tests from service provider mobile network deployment taskforce

1.3. Develop enterprise test procedure according to roaming arrangements and manufacturer test regime

1.4. Arrange access to the location where tests are to be conducted according to required procedure

1.5. Select resources needed to conduct tests complying to roaming arrangements

1.6. Confirm details of international roaming partners and agreements with partner mobile operators

1.7. Advise network operations centre of the test details and test schedule

2. Conduct tests and analyse test results

2.1. Conduct tests according to enterprise test procedure 2.2. Analyse recorded test results for roaming compliance and

functionality of SIM card and phone enhancements 3. Document results 3.1. Document details of roaming tests, SIM card validity and

functionality of phone enhancements and make recommendations to appropriate person



ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 3.2. Report non-compliance to appropriate person for

investigation with international roaming partners and mobile phone manufacturer

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit. Required skills • analytical skills to review and evaluate measurements • communication skills to interact with enterprise personnel, international roaming partners

and customers to maintain a customer focus and consider customer needs • literacy skills to interpret technical documentation • numeracy skills to:

◦ check that equipment is calibrated ◦ take measurements ◦ interpret results ◦ evaluate different types of technical data

• PC skills to: ◦ control automated testing ◦ load test files ◦ store test results

• planning and organisational skills to organise and prepare for measurements • problem solving skills to resolve technical issues within international roaming • task management skills to work logically and systematically with required attention to detail

when following complex test procedures • technical skills to:

◦ conduct test procedures ◦ operate specialised roaming test equipment

Required knowledge • features and operating requirements of specialised roaming test equipment • information required to operate equipment according to a test specification • legislation, codes of practice and other formal agreements that impact on the work activity • manufacturer’s requirements for safe operation of equipment • mobile phone network standards and specifications • specific OHS requirements relating to the activity and site conditions • test analysis

RANGE STATEMENT The range statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance. Bold italicised wording, if used in the performance criteria, is detailed below. Essential operating conditions that may be present with training and assessment (depending on the work situation, needs of the candidate, accessibility of the item, and local industry and regional contexts) may also be included. Relevant legislation, codes, regulations and standards include:

• Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) standards

• GSM Association permanent reference documents: • International Standards ISO 9000 and ISO 9001 • International Telecommunications Union (ITU)

recommendations • IR.22 SCCP Signalling aspects for roaming • IR.24 End-to-end functional capability specification

for inter-PLMN roaming • IR.26 End-to-end functional capability specification



RANGE STATEMENT for inter-PLMN roaming addendum for Phase 2

• IR.27 Functional capability test specification for inter-PLMN roaming phase 1 data services, fax services

• IR.28 Specifications of the infrastructure in a PLMN to allow automatic testing

• IR.29 Proposal of a minimum requirement on an automatic test equipment for roaming

• IR.32 End-to-end functional capability specification for Inter-PLMN CAMEL-roaming

• IR.35 End-to-end functional capability test specification for inter-PLMN GPRS roaming

• IR.37 Guidelines and testing for optimal routing – Service definition Stage 1 testing

• IR.50 2G/2.5G/3g roaming • IR.53 MMS inter-working tests • IR.60 Prepaid service roaming test • IR.62 End-to-end WLAN roaming test cases • IR.66 End-to-end interworking and roaming test

specification for IMS • ITU Regulation 24 and standards • OHS • The International Roaming Expert Group (IREG) of

the GSM Association. Need for tests may include: • compatibility of frequency bands from one country

to another • emergence of additional network services • modification of a software release by an operator • new mobile phone enhancements and features • new roaming agreements between service

providers. Test procedure may include: • IREG tests

• PLMN test data • test equipment.

Tests may include: • additional test cases • billing tests • check against manufacturer’s standards • compatibility with normal features provided by

carriers • connectionless mobile originated call (MOC) and

mobile terminated call (MTC) • email • general packet radio service (GPRS) and wideband

code division multiple access (WCDMA )

• IR35 including FTP and HTTP • IREG 24 Basic services and supplementary

services • IREG 27 Data and fax services • IREG 28/29 Test with automatic answer circuits • IREG 32 CAMEL Phase 1 and 2



RANGE STATEMENT • MMS • P.862 standard • P.862.1 standard • phone enhancements • ping • prepaid tests • roaming functionality • SIM card validity • SMS • speech quality (PESQ) • test cases.

Resources may include: • PLMN test data stored in test files • roaming test equipment required locally • SIM card boards.

Conduct tests may include: • inbound roaming • keynote SIGOS – GlobalRoamer • MILBORNE Roaming Verification tester • outbound roaming • test line interface and roaming and mobile service

test system – Nexus 8620/8610. Phone enhancements may include: • data

• email • fax • multimedia messaging service (MMS) • SMS • WiFi.

Appropriate person may include: • account manager • international roaming partner • marketing manager • mobile phone manufacturer’s representative • project manager.




Evidence of the ability to: • conduct tests on international roaming capability

and functionality of handset enhancements • analyse results of testing • make recommendations based on test results.


Assessment must ensure: • site where tests on handsets and international

roaming agreements may be conducted • testing equipment currently used in industry • equipment, system manuals, specifications and

relevant enterprise policy and documentation. Method of assessment A range of assessment methods should be used to

assess practical skills and knowledge. the following examples are appropriate for this unit: • direct observation of the candidate conducting

international roaming agreement tests • review of report prepared by the candidate outlining

findings, interpretation of test results and recommendations

• oral or written questioning of the candidate to assess knowledge of handsets and handset enhancements.


Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry sector, workplaces and job role is recommended, for example: • ICTRFN5148A Test and measure cellular phone

and network equipment performance. Aboriginal people and other people from a non-English speaking background may have second language issues. Access must be provided to appropriate learning and assessment support when required. Assessment processes and techniques must be culturally appropriate, and appropriate to the oral communication skill level, and language and literacy capacity of the candidate and the work being performed. In all cases where practical assessment is used it will be combined with targeted questioning to assess required knowledge. Questioning techniques should not require language, literacy and numeracy skills beyond those required in this unit of competency. Where applicable, physical resources should include equipment modified for people with special needs.

ICTRFN5148A Test and measure cellular phone and network equipment performance



Unit descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and knowledge required to test, measure and document the performance of cellular mobile phone and network equipment. It also involves analysing test results and recommending modifications to the network. The integration of specialised optical devices into existing networks may be required as part of an upgrade required by services and applications of Next Generation Mobile Networks (NGMN). No licensing, legislative, regulatory or certification requirements apply to this unit at the time of endorsement but users should confirm requirements with the relevant federal, state or territory authority.

Employability skills This unit contains employability skills. Prerequisite units Co-requisite units Application of the unit Field officers and supervisors from telecommunications carriers,

service providers, contractors and other public or private organisations apply the skills and knowledge of this unit. They perform measurements during equipment upgrades or during commissioning, acceptance testing and routine maintenance on cellular network equipment. The skills are mainly related to testing cellular sub-elements and subsystems. Field officers under supervision may be responsible for projects and for the coordination of projects in sites remote from the organisational headquarters. Technical officers also participate in design activities.




1. Prepare to test cellular phone and network equipment

1.1. Obtain and follow relevant legislation, codes, regulations and standards

1.2. Scope the work by obtaining work details from appropriate personnel and arrange for site access to comply with security arrangements

1.3. Evaluate manufacturer’s technical documentation and network procedures to plan a test schedule for the cellular network

1.4. Verify calibration of test equipment to ensure that tested cellular equipment is compliant

1.5. Prepare cellular equipment for testing according to



ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA manufacturer’s test procedure

1.6. Notify operational staff of test and measurement schedule to ensure minimal impact on the cellular network

2. Test and measure cellular phone and network equipment

2.1. Work safely following occupational health and safety (OHS) and environmental requirements for the given work, identifying hazards and using personal protective equipment

2.2. Configure network equipment for testing and set options to record test results

2.3. Block or mask alarms that may be triggered and interfere with test programme

2.4. Run the performance measurement software with options set and record test results

2.5. Re-establish alarms and normal operational status at conclusion of tests and notify appropriate personnel of the completion of the test schedule

3. Analyse measurement and prepare an evaluation report

3.1. Analyse the results of the performance tests and measurements and determine the performance level of the cellular equipment and compatibility with the network

3.2. Prepare an evaluation report making recommendations on network modifications or changes to configurations settings for improved quality of service (QoS)

3.3. Present test results and evaluation report to appropriate personnel according to enterprise policy

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit. Required skills • analytical skills to interpret test results • communication skills to:

◦ liaise with internal and external personnel on technical and operational matters ◦ relate to work associates, supervisors, team members and clients

• literacy skills to: ◦ read and interpret technical documentation, such as equipment manuals, specifications

and service orders ◦ write reports using standard formats

• numeracy skills to: ◦ interpret results ◦ evaluate different types of technical data

• planning and organisational skills to plan, prioritise and monitor own work and that of others • problem solving and contingency management skills to:

◦ adapt testing procedures to requirements of particular situations ◦ modify activities depending on operational contingencies, risk situations and

environments • safety awareness skills to:

◦ apply precautions and required action to minimise, control or eliminate hazards that may exist during work activities when dealing with radio frequency (RF) radiation

◦ select and use required personal protective equipment conforming to industry and OHS standards


• technical skills to:



REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE ◦ confront typical issues and challenges that occur in cellular network testing ◦ prepare and interpret technical documentation ◦ recognise and interrogate the network element alarms and record fault conditions ◦ select and use appropriate test equipment following industry practices

Required knowledge • features and operating requirements of cellular test equipment, including the digital cellular

test set, spectrum analyser and RF power meter • network components, their functions and approved specifications • overview knowledge of transmission lines, transmitter and receiver architecture and

associated cellular network • specific knowledge related to cellular antenna and feedlines, and their impact on mobile

spectrum interference • testing network components • types of adjustments that need to be made when measuring cellular transmission • types of networks that will influence the transmission either on the radio path and/or

transmission line




• Australia building codes and regulations • Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety

Agency (ARPANSA) Radiation Protection standard – Maximum Exposure Levels to Radio Frequency Fields – 3 kHz to 300 GHz

• ACIF C564:2004 Deployment of mobile phone network infrastructure

• Environmental Protection Acts • fire regulations • OHS • relevant international standards • technical standards AS/ACIF S008:2006 and

AS/ACIF S009:2006. Work details may include: • cellular equipment type:

◦ base station equipment ◦ location registers ◦ network management module ◦ switching ◦ transmitter

• cellular network type: ◦ 3G ◦ 4G ◦ GPRS ◦ GSM ◦ WiMAX

• reasons for tests



RANGE STATEMENT • service level agreement (SLA) details.

Appropriate personnel may refer to: • design engineer • network manager • network operations centre • planning engineer.

Test schedule may include: • cellular network equipment tests: ◦ blockage ◦ congestion ◦ interference ◦ latency ◦ packet loss ◦ path loss ◦ QoS

• cellular phone performance tests: ◦ firmware ◦ network connectivity ◦ roaming facilities ◦ SIM card test ◦ software ◦ transmitter tests.

Test equipment may include: • built-in test equipment (BITE) • cable and antenna analyser • digital radio test set • E1 analyser • proprietary software • RF power meter • spectrum analyser • variable attenuator.

OHS and environmental requirements may relate to:


• flashing lights • gas and other hazard detection equipment • identifying other services, including power and gas • safety barriers • safety equipment • safe working practices such as the safe use and

handling of: ◦ asbestos ◦ chemicals ◦ materials ◦ tools and equipment ◦ work platforms

• special access requirements • suitable light and ventilation • trench guards • warning signs and tapes • witches hats • environmental considerations:

◦ clean-up protection ◦ noise, dust and clean-up management ◦ stormwater protection



RANGE STATEMENT ◦ waste management.

Hazards may include: • activating equipment without notifying other staff who may be working remotely on the network

• cleaning alcohol, epoxy resins and other solvents and chemicals may be carcinogenic, cause allergies or be dangerous to health in other ways

• environmental hazards: ◦ air pollution ◦ dangerous gases ◦ heavy or noxious metals pollution ◦ noise ◦ petrochemical spillage ◦ release of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC)

• flammable cleaning chemicals fluids and solvents • health hazards:

◦ electromagnetic energy (EME) exposure ◦ dangerous or harmful substances ◦ risk of sustained injury from repetitive tasks

• laser damage to eyes. Personal protective equipment may include:

• personal protective clothing: ◦ earmuffs ◦ gloves ◦ head protection ◦ knee pads ◦ mask ◦ safety boots ◦ safety glasses

• safety harness • safety line.

Options may include: • file setting • macro setting.




Evidence of the ability to: • plan and coordinate test activities and equipment • test cellular phone and network equipment

according to test procedure • analyse test results • report and make recommendations on performance.


Assessment must ensure: • sites on which cellular network testing may be

conducted • use of test equipment currently used in industry • manufacturer’s and enterprise technical

documentation • relevant regulations and standards.

Method of assessment A range of assessment methods should be used to assess practical skills and knowledge. The following examples are appropriate for this unit: • direct observation of the candidate performing tests • review of test documentation and reports completed

by the candidate • oral or written questioning to assess knowledge of

testing procedures and required knowledge. Guidance information for assessment

Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry sector, workplace and job role is recommended, for example: • ICTRFN5097A Test cellular handset enhancements

and international roaming agreements. Aboriginal people and other people from a non-English speaking background may have second language issues. Access must be provided to appropriate learning and assessment support when required. Assessment processes and techniques must be culturally appropriate, and appropriate to the oral communication skill level, and language and literacy capacity of the candidate and the work being performed. In all cases where practical assessment is used it will be combined with targeted questioning to assess required knowledge. Questioning techniques should not require language, literacy and numeracy skills beyond those required in this unit of competency. Where applicable, physical resources should include equipment modified for people with special needs.

ICTRFN5179A Evaluate and analyse radio frequency signal coverage plots



Unit descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and knowledge required to create radio frequency (RF) coverage plots and path profiles for point-to-point links and analyse data. No licensing, legislative, regulatory or certification requirements apply to this unit at the time of endorsement but users should confirm requirements with the relevant federal, state or territory authority.

Employability skills This unit contains employability skills. Prerequisite units Co-requisite units Application of the unit Technical staff from regulatory authorities, private and public

organisations apply the skills and knowledge in this unit. They combine technical radio communications skills with organisational and administrative skills to generate and evaluate coverage maps in a range of commercial and community contexts. Technical staff may be responsible for small projects or parts of larger projects, and for the coordination and direction of small technical groups. This unit applies to radio and television broadcasting, radio base station coverage, and point-to-point links.




1. Plan and prepare for coverage prediction

1.1. Prepare for given work according to relevant legislation, occupational health and safety (OHS), codes, regulations and standards

1.2. Arrange access to the site according to required procedure 1.3. Establish type of coverage required 1.4. Determine specifications and the minimum acceptable

signal level or timing signal delay within the coverage area 1.5. Use prediction software specific to the enterprise 1.6. Verify mapping coordinate system to be used 1.7. Create custom antenna pattern files representative of the

expected antenna type for the type of coverage required 2. Load data into the

software program and create coverage plot

2.1. Select and load system parameters 2.2. Select and load antenna elements or antenna pattern files 2.3. Select suitable propagation model settings applicable to

the study 2.4. Load appropriate clutter properties 2.5. Create the coverage plot using appropriate plot options



ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA settings

3. Analyse coverage plot outcomes

3.1. Evaluate the initial coverage plot against initial specifications

3.2. Adjust system parameters and antenna elements until coverage plot is within specifications

3.3. Compare measured signal strength at various locations with the predicted values

3.4. Use measured data to correct and fine tune the model 3.5. Evaluate a range of possible solutions and make

appropriate recommendations to ensure transmission meets operational requirements

4. Complete documentation

4.1. Tabulate results 4.2. Prepare report with final recommendations

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit. Required skills • analytical skills to:

◦ be able to synthesise antenna systems from commercially available products ◦ examine and evaluate antenna patterns, specifications and data

• communication skills to liaise with internal and external personnel on technical, operational and commercial matters

• literacy skills to: ◦ interpret technical documentation ◦ write final reports in required format

• numeracy skills to: ◦ evaluate and convert RF field strength measurements ◦ evaluate different types of technical data ◦ interpret results

• planning and organisational skills to: ◦ coordinate teamwork with others ◦ plan, prioritise and monitor own work

• problem solving and contingency management skills to: ◦ adapt requirements of particular sites and customers ◦ modify activities depending on differing operational contingencies, risk situations and

environments • spatial skills to interpret and convert between two-dimensional and three-dimensional

antenna patterns • task management skills to work systematically with required attention to detail • technical skills to select and use appropriate propagation models and practices to suit

different situations Required knowledge • antenna and propagation theory • antenna array theory • overview of various mapping coordinate systems and their datums • propagation models and their limitations in various environments • specific issues related to antenna installations and the creation of particular radiation

patterns



RANGE STATEMENT The range statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance. Bold italicised wording, if used in the performance criteria, is detailed below. Essential operating conditions that may be present with training and assessment (depending on the work situation, needs of the candidate, accessibility of the item, and local industry and regional contexts) may also be included. Type of coverage may include: • directional pattern

• omnidirectional • point to point.

Prediction software may include: • ATDI • Atoll • CRC Predict • EDX • Planet EV • Radio Mobile • TEMS.

Mapping coordinate system may include:

• AGD-66 • AGD-84 • GDA94 • WGS-84.

System parameters may include: • ’k‘ value • feeder loss • frequency • latitude and longitude • nominal receive antenna height • polarisation • site elevation • transmit antenna height above ground • transmitter power • transmitter site name.

Antenna elements may include: • antenna gain (dBi) • broadside array of dipoles • collinear array of dipoles • dipole • dipole panel • half power beamwidth.

Propagation model may include: • Egli • FCC point-to-point • International Telecommunications Union

Radiocommunications sector (ITU-R) 1546 • ITU-R 1812 • ITU-R 525 • Longley-Rice • Okumura-Hata.

Clutter properties may include: • average clutter height • buildings and trees • open • reflection coefficient of the land • RMS roughness of an area • suburban • urban.

Plot options may include: • 0.6 First Fresnel zone clearance • azimuth range or degrees



RANGE STATEMENT • First Fresnel zone • first threshold level • path profile • polar plot • radial range (km) • radio horizon map • rainbow colour plot • second threshold level • signal strength prediction map • third threshold level • threshold units • timing signal delay study map.




Evidence of the ability to: • plan and coordinate activities to produce coverage

plots using appropriate software settings • generate:

◦ an RF signal coverage plot ◦ a path profile for a point-to-point link

• evaluate, analyse and make recommendations on antenna installation specifications.


Assessment must ensure: • access to computer facility on which coverage plots

and paths may be generated • use of propagation prediction software • access to digital terrain database.

Method of assessment A range of assessment methods should be used to assess practical skills and knowledge. The following examples are appropriate for this unit: • direct observation of the candidate creating a

coverage map and a point-to-point path profile • review of reports completed by the candidate • oral or written questioning to assess knowledge of

the planning of terrestrial radio facilities using software.


Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry sector, workplace and job role is recommended, for example: • ICTRFN4095A -Conduct radio frequency

measurements • ICTRFN4096A - Conduct field tests of radio and

wireless networks • ICTRFN4158A Select an antenna system for radio

communications. Aboriginal people and other people from a non-English speaking background may have second language issues. Access must be provided to appropriate learning and assessment support when required. Assessment processes and techniques must be culturally appropriate, and appropriate to the oral communication skill level, and language and literacy capacity of the candidate and the work being performed. In all cases where practical assessment is used it will be combined with targeted questioning to assess required knowledge. Questioning techniques should not require language, literacy and numeracy skills beyond those required in this unit of competency.

ICTRFN6098A Monitor the capacity of and recommend changes to the cellular mobile network



Unit descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and knowledge required to make recommendations on cellular mobile network systems at the system design level. No licensing, legislative, regulatory or certification requirements apply to this unit at the time of endorsement but users should confirm requirements with the relevant federal, state or territory authority.

Employability skills This unit contains employability skills. Prerequisite units Co-requisite units Application of the unit Technical officers and engineers may apply the skills and

knowledge in the unit. They undertake mobile network performance measurements and report on mobile capacity enhancement to senior management.




1. Monitor the capacity of the cellular mobile network

1.1. Monitor traffic levels from the network management system

1.2. Use approved enterprise plans to identify planned network growth

1.3. Obtain customer forecast data from marketing 1.4. Apply identified data against capacity trigger criteria 1.5. Determine coverage and cell parameters

2. Make recommendations relating to capacity changes

2.1. Identify requirements for additional capacity 2.2. Recommend changes or additions to frequency

parameters and submit to planning personnel 2.3. Assess capacity of transmission path and switch

resources and recommend improvements noting transmission medium

2.4. Manipulate traffic through switch parameter settings as a means of relieving traffic congestion

2.5. Determine cost of proposed changes and undertake studies of appropriate return on investment (RoI)

3. Assess capacity changes

3.1. Organise tests and studies to ensure that increased capacity adequately caters for traffic flow

3.2. Make recommendations for further change to network should the increase capacity not meet need



REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit. Required skills • analytic skills to interpret capacity requirements • communication skills to:

◦ liaise with internal and external personnel on technical and operational matters ◦ relate to work associates, supervisors, team members and clients

• literacy skills to: ◦ interpret technical documentation, such as equipment manuals, specifications and

service orders ◦ write reports using standard formats

• numeracy skills to estimate costs and calculate return on investments • planning and organisational skills to plan, prioritise and monitor own work and coordinate

the capacity measurement process in liaison with others • problem solving and ability to convey solutions to others • task management skills to work systematically with required attention to detail • technical skills to:

◦ select and use appropriate tests to measure cell capacity usage ◦ use teletraffic statistical data

Required knowledge • blocking, non-blocking and grade of service • Erlang B measurements • features and operating requirements of test equipment • field measurements for cell traffic capacity • information required to:

◦ analyse and interpret statistical data as applied to teletraffic measurement ◦ prepare and conduct a capacity measurement

• legislation, codes of practice and other formal agreements that directly impact on radio communications site transmission

• overview knowledge of: ◦ transmission lines ◦ transmitter and receiver architecture and their impact on radio communications traffic

• switching architecture and in particular space and time switching • types of adjustments that need to be made to procedures to meet the requirements of

particular sites and environmental conditions • typical issues and challenges that occur in telecommunications cellular capacity design and

how these may be addressed • workplace and industry environment

RANGE STATEMENT The range statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance. Bold italicised wording, if used in the performance criteria, is detailed below. Essential operating conditions that may be present with training and assessment (depending on the work situation, needs of the candidate, accessibility of the item, and local industry and regional contexts) may also be included. Traffic levels may be found in: • Erlang or centum call seconds (CCS) form per site:

◦ circuit switching or packet switching networks hardware units

◦ network management tools. Customer forecast may include: • simulate decrease in traffic requirement

• simulate increase in traffic requirement. Capacity trigger may include: • ’no service‘ complaints

• business plan targets or forecast method



RANGE STATEMENT • decisions to target certain clients • decisions to target certain sites • geographical considerations • industry status • investigation for improvement of service.

Coverage includes: • radio base station capacity parameters: ◦ available channels per cell ◦ available channels per sector.

Requirements may include: • frequencies • hardware requirement • radio channels • transmission availability.

Frequency parameters may include: • degree of separation • frequencies • frequency reuse • interference levels • signal levels.

Transmission path and switch resources may include:

• transmission capacities: ◦ between switching elements ◦ on radio path

• group switch resources. Transmission medium may include: • coaxial cable

• copper cable • microwave link • optical fibre cable • satellite.

Switch parameter settings may include:

• switching architecture for arrangements: ◦ routing tables ◦ switching routing ◦ time-space-time (TST).




Evidence of the ability to: • source and analyse relevant data to prepare a plan

indicating growth potential and recommendations for meeting growth within timeframes

• use tools and software packages for forecasting and measurement

• identify site or channel capacity, relevant network growth and forecasting growth.


Assessment must ensure: • access to sites with cellular mobile network • capacity monitoring data and equipment.

Method of assessment A range of assessment methods should be used to assess practical skills and knowledge. The following examples are appropriate for this unit: • direct observation of the candidate undertaking a

practical monitoring exercise • evaluation of report prepared by the candidate

outlining recommendations relating to capacity changes

• oral or written questioning to assess required knowledge.


Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry sector, workplaces and job role is recommended, for example: • ICTRFN5148A Test and measure cellular phone

and network equipment performance • ICTTEN6169A Produce and evaluate architecture

designs for convergent cellular mobile networks • ICTPMG8149A Evaluate and use

telecommunications management networks. Aboriginal people and other people from a non-English speaking background may have second language issues. Access must be provided to appropriate learning and assessment support when required. Assessment processes and techniques must be culturally appropriate, and appropriate to the oral communication skill level, and language and literacy capacity of the candidate and the work being performed. In all cases where practical assessment is used it will be combined with targeted questioning to assess required knowledge. Questioning techniques should not require language, literacy and numeracy skills beyond those required in this unit of competency.

ICTRFN6171A Produce and evaluate architecture designs for WiMAX networks

© Commonwealth of Australia, 2010 ICT Integrated Telecommunications Training Package Page 1


Unit descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and knowledge required to specify the design of worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) network architecture. No licensing, legislative, regulatory or certification requirements apply to this unit at the time of endorsement but users should confirm requirements with the relevant federal, state or territory authority.

Employability skills This unit contains employability skills. Prerequisite units Co-requisite units Application of the unit ICT technical staff who design and operate WiMAX networks in

wireless Core And Access Network implementation apply the skills and knowledge in this unit. Wireless convergence technology in telecommunications particularly applies to the deployment of fast wireless broadband access.




1. Prepare to produce architecture designs for wireless broadband

1.1. Review WiMAX specification 802.16 protocol structure for point-to-point (backhaul) and point-to-multipoint (end user) topologies and identify requirements of the network

1.2. Assess technical characteristics and functions of network elements in a WiMAX network

1.3. Evaluate advantages of modulation techniques used in wireless access technologies

1.4. Compare characteristics and operating principles of multiplexing techniques used at the physical layer of wireless access technologies

2. Design architectures for a proposed fixed and a mobile WiMAX network

2.1. Develop a proposed network topology for a fixed (802.16d) WiMAX network showing the relationship of network elements

2.2. Develop a proposed network topology for a mobile (802.16e) WiMAX network showing the relationship of network elements

2.3. Evaluate design considerations between a fixed and mobile WiMAX network and produce design specifications

2.4. Determine appropriate multiple-antenna system in WiMAX design by considering their benefits



ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 2.5. Produce a report on the architecture design for a WiMAX

network 3. Evaluate network

management products 3.1. Research, analyse and evaluate current network

management products 3.2. Produce an evaluation report on the effectiveness of

network management products that could be used to manage WiMAX network elements

4. Produce network designs for possible implementation

4.1. Compare WiMAX with other competing wireless technologies and their interoperability

4.2. Investigate inclusion of wireless fidelity (WiFi) in the design architectures as a complementary technology

4.3. Obtain latest technical specifications and pricing by contacting possible vendors

4.4. Determine support and training requirements needed 4.5. Produce an implementation document on WiMAX

architecture configurations and designs and present to appropriate person for approval

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit. Required skills • analytical skills to evaluate documentation on competing wireless technologies • communication skills to liaise with vendors • numeracy skills to use financial modelling to evaluate a range of architecture design

solutions • literacy skills to read and interpret technical information • problem solving skills for a defined range of anticipated problems:

◦ when predicting line traffic ◦ impact on input and output devices ◦ processors from current and future demand requirements

• project planning skills to plan, prioritise and organise work required • research skills to source, analyse and evaluate broad features of current security issues and

best practice in security devices, products and procedures Required knowledge • client business domain • current industry accepted network hardware and software products and their general

features and capabilities • detailed knowledge of:

◦ current industry-accepted WiMAX network protocols ◦ remote user issues ◦ the management systems ◦ WiMAX network design ◦ WiMAX network traffic evaluation

• current industry security products, devices and procedures and their general features and capabilities

• theoretical concepts of current industry network development and design methodologies



RANGE STATEMENT The range statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance. Bold italicised wording, if used in the performance criteria, is detailed below. Essential operating conditions that may be present with training and assessment (depending on the work situation, needs of the candidate, accessibility of the item, and local industry and regional contexts) may also be included. Requirements may refer to: • application

• network • people in the organisation • system • the business.

Network may include: • data and voice • local area network (LAN) • private lines • internet • use of the public switched telephone network

(PSTN) for dial up modems only • wide area network (WAN) • wireless networks.

Technical characteristics may include:

• data rate • frequency bands and classes • modulation techniques • power requirements • range of coverage.

Network elements may include: • access points • antenna arrays • base stations • gateways • USB adapters.

Multiplexing techniques refer to: • orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) • scaleable OFDM access (SOFDMA).

Design considerations may include: • capacity planning • cell planning • link budget • positioning and types of antennas • processors • required protocols and architecture • terminals.

Design specifications may include: • antenna systems • channel sizes • convergence layer • duplex methods • modulation techniques • multiplexing techniques • standards • uploads and downloads.

Multiple-antenna system may include:

• diversity schemes • smart antenna systems (SAS), also known as

adaptive antenna and multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) systems.

Benefits may refer to: • array gain • diversity gain • interference reduction



RANGE STATEMENT • power combination • spatial multiplexing.

Network management products may include:

• vendor products • open source (e.g. Netspan) products that could be

used to manage WiMAX network elements. Competing wireless technologies may include:

• 3G/4G cellular networks • WiFi and mobile broadband wireless access

(MBWA – IEEE 802.20) • 802.11n

Specifications may include: • current system functionality • technical requirements • user problem statement.

Implementation document may include:

• audit trails • European Conference of Postal and

Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) standards

• client training • European Telecommunications Standards Institute

(ETSI) standards • evaluation report • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE) standards • implementation plan • ISO standards • naming standards • network topologies • satisfaction reports.

Architecture configurations may include:

• point-to-point or back haul topology • point-to-multipoint or end user topologies.

Appropriate person may include: • authorised business representative • client • network designer • network planner • project manager.




Evidence of the ability to: • apply knowledge of WiMAX communication

architecture, hardware, protocols and networking systems

• integrate other wireless technologies • analyse and evaluate competing wireless

technologies • design viable WiMAX network solutions • assess network performance.


Assessment must ensure: • documents detailing:

◦ IEEE 802.16 standards for WiMAX ◦ client requirements ◦ technical specifications ◦ expected traffic volume ◦ vendors and vendor offerings and pricing ◦ information on a range of IT business solutions ◦ future organisational business processes ◦ budget for architecture designs for WiMAX

networks. Method of assessment A range of assessment methods should be used to

assess practical skills and knowledge. The following examples are appropriate for this unit: • direct observation of the candidate assessing

network requirement • evaluation of implementation document prepared by

the candidate outlining WiMAX architecture designs • oral or written questioning of the candidate to

assess knowledge. Guidance information for assessment

Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry sector, workplace and job role is recommended, for example: • ICTTEN6206A Produce an ICT network architecture

design • ICTTEN5204A Produce technical solutions from

business specifications. Aboriginal people and other people from a non-English speaking background may have second language issues. Access must be provided to appropriate learning and assessment support when required. Assessment processes and techniques must be culturally appropriate, and appropriate to the oral communication skill level, and language and literacy capacity of the candidate and the work being performed.



EVIDENCE GUIDE In all cases where practical assessment is used it will be combined with targeted questioning to assess required knowledge. Questioning techniques should not require language, literacy and numeracy skills beyond those required in this unit of competency. Where applicable, physical resources should include equipment modified for people with special needs.

ICTRFN7182A Produce a radio link budget


ICTRFN7182A Produce a radio link budget Unit descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and

knowledge required to analyse the technical performance of fixed and mobile radio systems and to plan and calculate link budgets. No licensing, legislative, regulatory or certification requirements apply to this unit at the time of endorsement but users should confirm requirements with the relevant federal, state or territory authority.

Employability skills This unit contains employability skills. Prerequisite units Co-requisite units Application of the unit Telecommunications engineers apply the skills and knowledge in

this unit as part of their work with radio systems for a telecommunications service provider. The job role includes responsibility for establishing the layout of the digital radio system to minimise transmission loss and optimise the system performance.




1. Analyse suitability of radio systems

1.1. Analyse the spectral efficiency of functional elements of mobile radio systems for determining optimal frequency utilisation

1.2. Analyse the features of radio systems to evaluate the effectiveness of a particular application

1.3. Compare the features and specifications of antennas used in radio systems to assist with radio link budget

1.4. Report on the suitability of radio systems, including recommendations to improve network performance

2. Calculate a radio link budget

2.1. Calculate path loss using variables in appropriate propagation models for a power link budget

2.2. Evaluate the power link budget against allowable power margins specifications

2.3. Evaluate modulation types and spectral efficiency 2.4. Confirm radio power link budget achieves specified

reliability 3. Complete evaluation

and planning documentations

3.1. Complete an evaluation report on performance of radio systems with recommendations on improvements to the system

3.2. Document the processes carried out to determine the optimal power link budget for a radio system



REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit. Required skills • analytical skills to review complex information to make judgements • communication skills to work effectively within a group and present information • information technology skills for word processing and desktop research • literacy skills to prepare reports given a specific format • numeracy skills to:

◦ calculate link budgets ◦ gather and record data from measurements

• research skills to gather data and information • technical skills to operate test equipment Required knowledge • HF, VHF, UHF and microwave receiving techniques • modulation methods:

◦ AM ◦ FM ◦ digital formats

• multiplexing systems • operation of transmitters and receivers • organisational policy and procedures • personal safety issues • propagation methods • radio communications systems • radio frequency (RF) losses • RF technologies • workplace and industry environment

RANGE STATEMENT The range statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance. Bold italicised wording, if used in the performance criteria, is detailed below. Essential operating conditions that may be present with training and assessment (depending on the work situation, needs of the candidate, accessibility of the item, and local industry and regional contexts) may also be included. Functional elements may include: • code division multiple access (CDMA)

• frequency division multiple access (FDMA) • time division multiple access (TDMA) • wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA).

Radio systems may include: • 3G • 4G • CDMA • GPRS • Global system for mobiles (GSM) • trunked • WCDMA • worldwide interoperability for microwave access

(WiMAX). Path loss refers to: • received power to transmitted power ratio and may

depend on: ◦ antenna height ◦ atmospheric absorption ◦ distance ◦ rain



RANGE STATEMENT ◦ reflection coefficient.

Variables may include: • clutter factor • Doppler effect on mobile transmission • frequency • Fresnel distance and absorption • K factor • point-to-multipoint • point-to-point • Raleigh fading and counter measures • reflection coefficient.

Modulation types may include: • FM • AM • orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) • COFDM • quaternary phase shift keying (QPSK) • 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) • 256 QAM.

Specified reliability may include: • drop outs • outage time • power margin • signal fading.




Evidence of the ability to: • analyse the signal degradation characteristics of

radio paths and calculate power budgets for various distances and antenna heights versus transmitted power

• research the constraints imposed by mobile phone frequency allocations and simulate carrier to interference radiation patterns around a cell site

• complete evaluation report on radio system performance and document processes used to determine power link budget.


Assessment must ensure: • telecommunications operations site • mobile telephony devices and equipment • networked computers and relevant software.

Method of assessment A range of assessment methods should be used to assess practical skills and knowledge. The following examples are appropriate for this unit: • oral or written questioning to assess required

knowledge • review of link budget reports completed by the

candidate for different communication scenarios • direct observation of the candidate analysing radio

systems and calculating link budgets. Guidance information for assessment

Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry sector, workplaces and job role is recommended, for example: • ICTPMG7145A Underatke a telecommunications

project • ICTTEN7193A Plan a transmission network. Aboriginal people and other people from a non-English speaking background may have second language issues. Access must be provided to appropriate learning and assessment support when required. Assessment processes and techniques must be culturally appropriate, and appropriate to the oral communication skill level, and language and literacy capacity of the candidate and the work being performed. In all cases where practical assessment is used it will be combined with targeted questioning to assess required knowledge. Questioning techniques should not require language, literacy and numeracy skills beyond those required in this unit of competency.

ICTRFN8180A Analyse a cellular mobile network system


ICTRFN8180A Analyse a cellular mobile network system Unit descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and

knowledge required to analyse the detailed architecture and operation of individual cellular mobile elements and develop a plan to integrate emerging cellular technologies. No licensing, legislative, regulatory or certification requirements apply to this unit at the time of endorsement but users should confirm requirements with the relevant federal, state or territory authority.

Employability skills This unit contains employability skills. Prerequisite units Co-requisite units Application of the unit Telecommunications engineers and senior technical officers apply

the skills and knowledge in this unit to analyse and manage cellular mobile networks and prepare to upgrade to Next Generation Mobile Networks (NGMG).




1. Research mobile network systems and interfaces to interconnected networks

1.1. Analyse the interfaces between a cellular mobile network and customers, including the public switched telephone network (PSTN) and internet to validate the interoperability of the individual systems

1.2. Research the latest generation of mobile radio systems and develop a plan for integration of emerging cellular technologies to meet future demands and customer expectations

2. Analyse constraints imposed by frequency spectrum allocations

2.1. Analyse techniques to increase system capacity for a fixed spectrum bandwidth

2.2. Plan the frequency allocation for a cellular network from the derived specifications

2.3. Develop a simulation that plots the carrier to interference radiation pattern for a given cell geometry in a reflective environment

3. Analyse the operations of the major subsystems of a cellular network

3.1. Evaluate the major subsystem functions of the cellular network and analyse the subsystem components to determine capability for upgrades

3.2. Research and report how the major subsystems interface to other network subsystems

3.3. Simulate the transmission path for a cellular network 4. Analyse system

capability 4.1. Simulate traffic flow measurements in a microcellular

environment. 4.2. Produce an analytical report on cellular mobile

convergence with a plan for cellular mobile system



ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA integration to existing networks

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit. Required skills • communication skills to:

◦ liaise with internal and external personnel on technical issues ◦ work effectively within group

• literacy skills to: ◦ interpret technical documentation ◦ prepare documents in agreed format

• numeracy skills to: ◦ take measurements ◦ interpret results

• PC skills to: ◦ carry out desktop research ◦ do word processing ◦ use statistical data

• planning and organisational skills to plan simulations to aid analysis • problem solving and contingency management skills to:

◦ adapt testing procedures to requirements of particular sites ◦ modify activities depending on differing operational contingencies, risk situations and

environments • research skills to:

◦ evaluate different types of technical data and compare with theoretical values and approved specifications

◦ gather and record data from measurements ◦ gather data, observe and analyse interfacing issues

• task management skills to: ◦ adhere to all safety requirements ◦ work systematically with required attention to detail

• technical skills to: ◦ enable ’login‘ into cellular network elements for tests and analysis ◦ recognise and interrogate cellular network elements alarms ◦ recognise different transmission techniques ◦ record fault conditions ◦ select and use appropriate test equipment and practices to suit different network

applications Required knowledge • allocations and bandwidth requirements of cellular systems • approved specifications • efficiency and system capacity given the spectrum allocation, number of channels required

and Grade of Service • equipment subsystem diagnosis and repair procedures • features and differences between major frequency bands and their allocation of licenses • features and operating requirements of cellular test equipment • interworking with existing systems • key features of cellular mobile radio systems • major element functions of a mobile radio system • major frequency bands and their allocation of licenses • microcellular systems



REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE • minimising latency • network components and their functions • overview knowledge of transmission lines, transmitter and receiver architecture • radio spectrum in use, specifying restrictions and characteristics • radio frequency (RF) and electromagnetic energy (EME) hazards • specific knowledge related to antenna performance and mobile components and their

impact on mobile spectrum interference • spectrum efficiency • system configuration procedures • testing network components • the types of adjustments that need to be made when measuring cellular transmission • the types of networks that will influence the transmission either on the radio path and/or

transmission line

RANGE STATEMENT The range statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance. Bold italicised wording, if used in the performance criteria, is detailed below. Essential operating conditions that may be present with training and assessment (depending on the work situation, needs of the candidate, accessibility of the item, and local industry and regional contexts) may also be included. Interfaces may include: • A

• Abis • Iu • Iur • Iub • Iu-CS (circuit switch) • Iu-PS (packet switch) • S1

Latest generation may include: • 3G • high speed packet access (HSPA)

Emerging cellular technologies may include:

• 2 x 2 multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) • 4 x 4 MIMO • 4G • long term evolution (LTE) • SF-frequency division multiple access (FDMA)

Increase system capacity may include:

• cellular re-use • orthogonal frequency division multiple access –

multiple input-multiple output (OFDM – MIMO) • OFDMA • overlay • underlay.

Frequency allocation may include: • patterns: ◦ 7/21 ◦ 4/12 ◦ 3/9 ◦ 1/1.

Carrier to interference radiation may include:

• carrier interference: ◦ carrier to adjacent (C/A) ◦ carrier to interference (C/I) ◦ carrier to reflection (C/R).

Subsystem functions may include: • cellular elements: ◦ AUC



RANGE STATEMENT ◦ base station controller (BSC) ◦ base transceiver station (BTS) ◦ eNode B ◦ node B ◦ home location register (HLR) ◦ HSS ◦ mobile station (MS) ◦ mobile services switching centre (MSC) ◦ SAE ◦ transcoder ◦ visitor location register (VLR)

• burst timing and content • logical channels • multiplexing • radio path • signal protocols.

Sub-systems components may include:

• alarm gathering unit • charging unit • clocking unit • common channel signalling unit • gateway gprs support node (GGSN) • HSS • MME • operation and maintenance unit • SAE gateway • serving GPRS support node (SGSN) • statistical unit.

Interface to other network sub-systems may include:

• application parts: ◦ Base Station System Application Part (BSSAP) ◦ integrated services user parts (ISUP) ◦ managed application provider (MAP)

• SYGTRAN.




Evidence of the ability to: • plan a frequency allocation for a cellular network • analyse techniques to increase system capacity for

a fixed spectrum bandwidth • develop a plan for integration of emerging cellular

technologies • analyse the interfaces between a mobile network

and customers • research and report the interfacing of major

subsystems to other network subsystems • produce an analytical report on cellular mobile

convergence with a plan for cellular mobile system integration to existing networks.


Assessment must ensure: • sites on which cellular network analysis, research

and simulation may be conducted • use of test equipment currently used in industry • manufacturer’s and enterprise technical

documentation. Method of assessment A range of assessment methods should be used to

assess practical skills and knowledge. The following examples are appropriate for this unit: • evaluation of reports prepared by the candidate • review of test documentation and reports completed

by the candidate • oral questioning or written questioning to assess

required. Guidance information for assessment

Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry sector, workplace and job role is recommended, for example: • ICTPMG8143A Manage a telecommunications

project. Aboriginal people and other people from a non-English speaking background may have second language issues. Access must be provided to appropriate learning and assessment support when required. Assessment processes and techniques must be culturally appropriate, and appropriate to the oral communication skill level, and language and literacy capacity of the candidate and the work being performed. In all cases where practical assessment is used it will be combined with targeted questioning to assess required knowledge. Questioning techniques should not require language, literacy and numeracy skills beyond



EVIDENCE GUIDE those required in this unit of competency. Where applicable, physical resources should include equipment modified for people with special needs.

ICTRFN8181A Analyse a satellite communications system


ICTRFN8181A Analyse a satellite communications system Unit descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and

knowledge required to analyse the performance of a satellite communications system. The analysis may be required for a new installation project or an upgrade of capacity or technology in an existing network or as a result of convergence to Next Generation Networks (NGN). No licensing, legislative, regulatory or certification requirements apply to this unit at the time of endorsement but users should confirm requirements with the relevant federal, state or territory authority.

Employability skills This unit contains employability skills. Prerequisite units Co-requisite units Application of the unit Supervisors and engineers who analyse satellite communications

systems apply the skills and knowledge in this unit when writing specifications, planning, designing and implementing satellite communications systems.




1. Research satellite communication systems

1.1. Research satellite applications with various orbit types for assessing their spatial positioning for specific purpose

1.2. Analyse and report on the architecture, major subsystems and critical components in the communication systems of a recently launched commercial satellite

1.3. Research and report on multiple access techniques and their typical applications

2. Analyse uplink and downlink variables

2.1. Determine uplink and downlink criteria that impact on carrier to noise ratio

2.2. Determine up/down link criteria that impact on baseband signal to noise ratio

2.3. Determine the critical parameters of a satellite system 2.4. Research common types of baseband signal processing,

their spectral and noise improvement parameters for determining criteria for link budget evaluations

3. Conduct a link budget analysis

3.1. Produce a satellite link budget and calculate link margin for a satellite system with specified modulation types

3.2. Analyse the relationship between the bit error ratio (BER) for a given energy per bit per noise power density (Eb/No) and forward error correction (FEC) parameter for determining the operational performance of the link

4. Analyse properties of 4.1. Calculate the look angles for a geostationary satellite from



ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA geostationary satellites

any receiving location 4.2. Research and report on frequency re-use in conjunction

with polarisation selection and the use of spot beams 4.3. Analyse and specify the major features of very small

aperture terminal (VSAT) systems, and calculate link reliability in high rainfall regions

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit. Required skills • analytical skills to solve complex problems by making informed judgements and

assumptions • literacy skills to prepare reports following an analysis or evaluation • planning and organisational skills to develop systems and procedures in solving complex

mathematical formulas • problem solving and contingency management skills to manage unforeseen issues • research skills to gather and record data from measurements • technical skills to visualise radio frequency (RF) systems on board operational satellite

platforms Required knowledge • antenna calculations:

◦ gain ◦ beamwidth ◦ polarisation ◦ effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP)

• BER • carrier/noise ratio • constellation and eye diagrams • decibels, dB, dBm, dBW • distance to satellite and typical delays • frequency spectrum (satellite bands) • G/T ratio • geostationary orbit • link budget calculation • look angle calculations • low earth orbiting (LEO) satellites • modulation types:

◦ n-FSK: - 2FSK - 4FSK

◦ n-PSK: - 2PSK - 4PSK - 8PSK - 16PSK

◦ n-QAM: - 16 QAM - 256QAM

◦ spread spectrum: - direct sequence - frequency hopping



RANGE STATEMENT The range statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance. Bold italicised wording, if used in the performance criteria, is detailed below. Essential operating conditions that may be present with training and assessment (depending on the work situation, needs of the candidate, accessibility of the item, and local industry and regional contexts) may also be included.

Satellite applications may include: • broadcasting: ◦ broadcast satellite service (BSS) ◦ fixed service satellite (FSS)

• defence • domestic communications • earth observation:

◦ mapping ◦ meteorology

• international communications: ◦ Intelsat

• global positioning system (GPS) • navigational.

Orbit may include: • geostationary • inclined orbit • low earth orbiting (LEO):

◦ polar ◦ non-polar

• Molniya highly elliptical orbit. Multiple access techniques may include:

• code division multiple access (CDMA) • frequency division multiple access (FDMA) • hybrid multiple access schemes:

◦ FDMA/time division multiple access TDMA • polarisation division multiple access (PDMA) • space division multiple access (SDMA) • time division multiple access (TDMA).

Uplink and downlink criteria may include:

• antenna gain • bandwidth • error correction bits • modulation type • path loss • transmitter power.

Specified modulation types may include:

• m-PSK: ◦ 8PSK ◦ OQPSK ◦ QPSK

• M-QAM: ◦ 16QAM

• spread spectrum: ◦ direct sequence ◦ frequency hopping.

Look angles include: • azimuth • elevation.

Frequency re-use may include: • orthogonal polarisation • spatial discrimination directional beams.

Very small aperture terminal may include:

• availability • latency



RANGE STATEMENT • multicast • topology.




Evidence of the ability to: • analyse satellite communications system

architecture • produce a satellite link budget and calculate link

margin for a range of digital modulation types • calculate the look angles for a geostationary

satellite from any receiving location • analyse and specify the major features of (VSAT)

systems. Context of and specific resources for assessment

Assessment must ensure: • site on which satellite analysis may be conducted • data, calculators and appropriate software tools.

Method of assessment A range of assessment methods should be used to assess practical skills and knowledge. The following examples are appropriate for this unit: • direct observation of the candidate performing

analysis • review of link budget documentation completed by

the candidate • review of look angle calculation reports • oral or written questioning to assess knowledge of

satellite communications systems. Guidance information for assessment

Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry sector, workplace and job role is recommended, for example: • ICTRFN7182A Produce a radio link budget. Aboriginal people and other people from a non English speaking background may have second language issues. Access must be provided to appropriate learning and assessment support when required. Assessment processes and techniques must be culturally appropriate, and appropriate to the oral communication skill level, and language and literacy capacity of the candidate and the work being performed. In all cases where practical assessment is used it will be combined with targeted questioning to assess required knowledge. Questioning techniques should not require language, literacy and numeracy skills beyond those required in this unit of competency. Where applicable, physical resources should include equipment modified for people with special needs.

ictrfn2163a install a satellite antenna - howtodoit

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